national occupational standard for boiler operators
------------------------------------. 1.1 occupation name: boiler operator
1.2 occupation definition: personnel engaged in installation, operation and maintenance of boilers for heating or power production.
1.3 professional grades: this profession has four grades, namely, primary (national vocational qualification level 5), intermediate (national vocational qualification level 4), advanced (national vocational qualification level 3) and technician (national vocational qualification level 2).
1.4 occupational environment: high temperature indoors and in some seasons, with certain dust.
1.5 professional ability characteristics: strong analysis, reasoning and judgment ability, certain calculation ability, strong sense of body and space, flexible fingers and arms, and good action coordination.
1.6 basic education level: graduated from junior high school (including equivalent education).
1.7 training requirements:
1.7.1 training period: full-time vocational school education: determined according to its training objectives and teaching plan. Promotion training period: no less than 8 standard hours for junior students and no less than 5 standard hours for intermediate students; Advanced not less than 3 standard hours; Technicians shall have no less than 18 standard hours.
1.7.2 training teachers: engineers and technicians with intermediate or above professional titles or those who have obtained the senior vocational qualification certificate of this profession can serve as teachers for junior and intermediate personnel; Engineering and technical personnel with senior professional titles or those who have obtained professional certificates of technicians can serve as training teachers for this profession.
1.7.3 Training venue equipment: theoretical knowledge is trained in standard classrooms; Skill operation training is conducted in a skill training venue with necessary teaching equipment, instruments and meters.
1.8 Appraisal requirements:
1.8.1 Applicable object: personnel who are engaged in or ready to engage in the operation, maintenance and installation of boilers for heating or power production below 65t/h.
1.8.2 application conditions:
—— primary (one of the following conditions):
(1) Having received the required standard hours of primary formal training in this profession and obtained the certificate of graduation (completion).
(2) The professional apprenticeship expires.
—— Intermediate (those who meet one of the following conditions):
(1) After obtaining the primary vocational qualification certificate of this occupation, they have been engaged in this occupation for more than 3 years continuously, and have reached the required standard hours of formal training in this occupation, and have obtained the certificate of graduation (completion).
(2) Having been engaged in this occupation for more than 5 years continuously after obtaining the primary occupation qualification certificate of this occupation.
(3) have been engaged in this occupation for more than 6 years.
(4) obtain the vocational graduation certificate of the secondary vocational school or above, which is approved by the administrative department of labor and social security and aims at cultivating intermediate skills
.
—— advanced (one of the following conditions):
(1) After obtaining the intermediate vocational qualification certificate of this occupation, he has been engaged in this occupation for more than 4 years continuously, and has reached the required standard hours after the advanced formal training of this occupation, and obtained the graduation (completion) certificate.
(2) Having been engaged in this occupation for more than 7 years continuously after obtaining the intermediate vocational qualification certificate of this occupation.
(3) Obtain the vocational graduation certificate of the higher vocational school which has been approved by the administrative department of labor and social security and aims at training advanced skills.
—— Technician (who meets one of the following conditions):
(1) After obtaining the senior vocational qualification certificate of this profession, the technician has been trained to reach the required standard hours and obtained the certificate of graduation (completion), and has been engaged in this profession for more than 3 years continuously.
(2) Having been engaged in this occupation for more than 5 years continuously after obtaining the senior occupation qualification certificate of this occupation.
(3) The graduates of senior technical schools who have obtained the vocational senior vocational qualification certificate have been graduated for two consecutive years.
1.8.3 appraisal method: this professional appraisal is divided into two parts: theoretical knowledge examination and skill operation examination. Theoretical knowledge examination adopts written test method, and skill operation examination adopts on-site practical operation method. Both exams (assessments) are useful with a percentage system, and those who reach 6 points are qualified. Technician appraisal must also pass the comprehensive evaluation.
1.8.4 Proportion of examiners and candidates: for the theoretical knowledge test, there is one examiner for every 2 candidates (2: 1); The skill operation assessment is based on one examiner for every five candidates (5: 1).
1.8.5 appraisal time: the theoretical knowledge test of each level is 12 minutes; The skill operation examination of each level is 24 minutes.
1.8.6 Equipment of appraisal site: theoretical knowledge examination is conducted in standard classroom; The skill operation examination shall be conducted at the site with boiler equipment both deactivated and in operation.
2. Basic requirements
2.1 Professional ethics
2.1.1 Basic knowledge of professional ethics
2.1.2 Professional code
(1) Love your job and study hard on technology;
(2) Abide by labor discipline, care for tools, equipment and safe and civilized production
(3) Be honest, United and cooperative, be hard-working and plain-living, respect teachers and love disciples.
2.2 Basic knowledge
2.2.1 Main parameters of power production and heating boilers
(1) Steam boilers
(1) Boiler evaporation [D], rated evaporation [De], unit: t/h;
(2) rated steam pressure [P t], unit: Mpa；;
(3) rated steam temperature [t e], unit: o-℃;
(4) Grate area [R], unit: m2; Grate thermal strength [qr], unit: kj/ m2
(5) furnace volume [Vv], unit: m3; Thermal intensity of furnace volume [qv], unit: kj/ m3
(6) heating area of boiler: [H] unit: m2;
(7) thermal efficiency of boiler η unit:%.
(2) hot water boiler
(1) rated heat supply MW;
(2) design working pressure Mpa；;
(3) rated outlet/inlet water temperature.
2.2.2 Structure, characteristics and representation of different types of power production and heating boilers
2.2.3 Structure and classification of power production and heating boilers
(1) Structure and characteristics of vertical boiler shell;
(2) Structure and characteristics of horizontal shell boiler.
2.2.4 the following heating surface structure classification
(1) convection tube bundle;
(2) superheater;
(3) economizer;
(4) air preheater.
2.2.5 fuel and combustion
(1) fuel type
(2) fuel composition
(3) combustion adjustment
(1) combustion adjustment of hand-fired furnace;
(2) combustion adjustment of coal thrower;
(3) combustion adjustment of chain grate furnace;
(4) combustion adjustment of inclined reciprocating feed grate boiler;
(5) combustion adjustment of pulverized coal boiler;
(6) combustion adjustment of oil burner;
(7) combustion adjustment of natural gas boiler.
2.2.6 safety accessories and accessories
(1) function, type, structure and installation requirements of safety valves
(2) function, structure, principle and installation requirements of pressure gauges
(3) use, principle, type and installation requirements of water level meters
(1) glass tube water level meters;
(2) glass plate water level meter;
(3) low-level water level gauge;
(4) double color water level gauge;
(5) electric contact water level gauge.
(4) Type, structure and precautions for use of high and low water level alarm
(5) Function, type and use requirements of sewage valve
(6) Structure and use of other valves
(1) Gate valve;
(2) stop valve;
(3) check valve;
(4) pressure reducing valve;
(5) explosion door;
(6) butterfly valve;
(7) Quick shut-off valve;
(8) self-operated pressure regulator valve;
(9) pneumatic control valve;
(1) electric control valve.
(7) auxiliary equipment of oil-fired boiler
(1) heater
(2) oil pump;
(3) filter;
(4) oil burner.
(8) Auxiliary equipment of natural gas boiler
(1) filter;
(2) natural gas nozzle;
(3) air distributor;
(4) Natural gas decompression station.
2.2.7 Thermal instrumentation and automatic adjustment
(1) Working principle, structure and precautions of common instruments
1. Thermometer
(1) Liquid expansion thermometer;
(2) pressure thermometer;
(3) Thermocouple and thermal resistance thermometer.
2. pressure gauge
(1) wind pressure gauge (bellows and U-shaped tube)
(2) pressure gauge (spring type);
(3) vacuum meter (connecting meter);
(4) pressure switch;
(5) pressure transmitter.
3. Flow meter
(1) Differential pressure flow meter;
(2) rotameter;
(3) flow meter;
(4) liquid level meter;
(5) vortex flowmeter.
(2) Composition meter
1. Smoke oxygen meter;
2. Austrian analyzer;
3. Full flue gas analyzer.
(3) Automatic regulation
1. Automatic water supply regulation
(1) Single-impulse automatic water supply regulation system;
(2) Double-impulse water supply automatic regulation system;
(3) Three-impulse water supply automatic regulation system;
2. automatic combustion regulation of coal-fired boilers
(1) heat load regulation system;
(2) air supply regulating system;
(3) induced air regulating system.
3. Oil-fired boiler combustion automatic regulation system
4. Gas-fired boiler combustion automatic regulation system
5. Program control system
6. Distributed control system
2.2.8 Structure and principle of water supply equipment, Installation and use matters
(1) water injector
(2) steam pump
(3) electric pump
(4) deaerator
(5) heat exchanger
2.2.9 The working principle, structure, Installation and use matters
(1) Blower
(2) Suction blower
2.2.1 Composition and function of boiler room thermal system and thermal pipe network system, Precautions for installation and use
2.2.11 boiler water quality supervision items
(i) total solids
(ii) suspended solids
(iii) dissolved solids
(iv) PH
(v) chloride
(vi) alkalinity
(vii) (9) Dissolved oxygen
2.2.12 Boiler thermal efficiency
(1) Positive balance method
(2) Counter-balance method
2.2.13 Master and abide by the requirements of relevant regulations, specifications and systems of boilers and pressure vessels
2.2.14 Master and abide by the following relevant system contents
(2) operating rules of boilers and auxiliary equipment;
(3) patrol inspection system;
(4) equipment maintenance system;
(5) succession system;
(6) water quality management system;
(7) clean sanitation system;
(8) security system;
(9) Safety technical conditions for coal-fired to gas-fired boilers;
(1) gas system leakage inspection system;
(11) Regular inspection system for interlock and fire protection of gas system.
2.2.15 will fill in the following records of the boiler room
(1) Operation records of boilers and ancillary equipment;
(2) hand-over records;
(3) water treatment equipment operation and water quality test records;
(4) equipment maintenance records;
(5) inspection records of unit leaders and boiler management personnel.
3. job requirements
this standard requires the skills of beginners, middle-level, advanced technicians in turn, and the high-level includes the low-level content.
see table 3.1 for primary
3.2 for intermediate
3.3 for advanced
3.4 for technicians
4.1 for specific gravity
4.2 for intermediate
4.3 for advanced
4.4 for technicians.