What are the hazards of secondhand smoke

How second-hand smoke harms the human body\x0d\According to research, cigarette smoke contains more than 4,000 kinds of harmful substances after combustion, on the medical point of view can be divided into four major categories:\x0d\A, carbon monoxide, in the concentration of cigarette smoke is about four ten thousandths of a percent, and the combining force of red blood cells for the binding power of oxygen and red blood cells is about 210 times the combining force of the red blood cells, so the carbon monoxide is inhaled into the human body, red blood cells will be able to transport the oxygen capacity will be Reduce, and make the body lack of oxygen. \x0d\2, nicotine, which after entering the human body will produce the following effects: contraction of blood vessels in the endings of the limbs, accelerated heartbeat, increased blood pressure, faster breathing, change in mental status (become emotionally stable or mentally excited) and promote platelet aggregation, which is the main culprits of cardiovascular diseases such as cardiovascular obstruction, high blood pressure, stroke and other cardiovascular diseases. \x0d\3, irritating substances, these substances will not only irritate the eyes, nasal cavity and throat, but also stimulate the secretion of the submucosal glands of the bronchial tubes, leading to acute bronchial inflammation and chronic bronchitis. \x0d\4, carcinogenic substances, in addition to the recognized carcinogen nicotine, smoke contains more radioactive elements, such as polonium, which volatilize during smoking and are absorbed by the body along with the smoke, accumulate in the body, and constantly release alpha rays, thus damaging the body's tissue cells, causing damage to the body's immune system, and creating an environment for the growth of cancer cells. \x0d\ Undoubtedly, the above four categories of harmful substances are equally harmful to smokers and second-hand smoke inhalers. What is more noteworthy is that some of the harmful substances in shunt smoke are higher than those in mainstream smoke, such as carbon monoxide, which is five times more prevalent in shunt smoke than in mainstream smoke; tar and nicotine, which are three times more prevalent; ammonia, which is 46 times more prevalent; and nitrosamines (a strong carcinogen), which are 50 times more prevalent. The results of the study also showed that the physical effects of secondhand smoke were similar to those of smokers, as urine tests of secondhand smokers found that their urine also contained metabolites of substances such as nicotine. [6]\x0d\\\x0d\\ secondhand smoke is equivalent to smoking in terms of cancer risk\x0d\\x0d\ experts say that staying with smokers for more than 15 minutes a day is equivalent to the harm caused by secondhand smoke. Lung cancer patients have 75% of the factors finally traced to smoking. Everyone has a "proto-oncogene", a gene that enables a person to grow during embryonic life, but it should stop working at the right time, otherwise a person will be prone to cancer, and smoking can make this gene start working again and cause cancer. Alarmingly, experts have found that the harmful effects of "second-hand smoke" are almost equal to those of smoking. Experts reminded, inhaling "second-hand smoke" harm can not be ignored, non-smokers and smokers live or work together, every day to smell the smoke for a quarter of an hour, time to reach more than a year of harm equivalent to smoking. [3]\x0d\\\x0d\\ Frequent second-hand smoke is prone to diabetes \x0d\\\x0d\ A U.S. study showed that those who often inhale second-hand smoke may face hidden diabetes, which makes their chances of developing diabetes higher. \x0d\ In 2006, the VA Medical Center in Birmingham, Alabama, conducted a 15-year research survey of 4,572 people in four US cities. The results showed that 22% of smokers are likely to develop glucose intolerance (i.e., hidden diabetes), and the probability of risk in this regard for those who always inhale secondhand smoke even though they don't smoke has reached 17%; 14% of those who quit successfully; and 12% of those who never smoke and don't inhale secondhand smoke. \x0d\ experts pointed out: "The results of the study show that both active and passive smoking can contribute to the risk of glucose intolerance in young people. And secondhand smoking is also a new risk factor for a person to develop glucose intolerance." Experts believe that if a person's body develops glucose intolerance, then the blood sugar levels in the body will increase and the chances of developing diabetes will be very high. \x0d\\carbon-monoxide and other toxic gases, will make the mother's blood oxygen concentration is reduced, which in turn leads to fetal hypoxia; tobacco addictive drug nicotine, can cause narrowing of the blood vessels, slowing down the blood flow, which means that the provision of nutrients and oxygen to the fetus will be reduced, prone to cause premature delivery of babies. Premature babies are prone to dysfunctions in breathing, digestion and temperature regulation, and even die soon after birth. \Children born to pregnant women who smoke are significantly more likely to be born with low birth weight, which causes early infant health problems and is a significant cause of infant mortality, with 10% of sudden infant deaths caused by passive smoking. Smoking women deliver babies with significantly higher rates of malformations than non-smokers, and give birth to children with higher rates of mental retardation and mental illness. \x0d\ Women who smoke while breastfeeding can reduce milk production and nicotine can also enter the milk with the blood. A woman who smokes 10-20 cigarettes a day can isolate 0.4-0.5 milligrams of nicotine in 1 kilogram of breast milk. Nicotine will be brought to the baby through breast milk, which is a serious threat to the health of the infant. After the birth of a \x0d\ baby, the smoke that permeates the air will make the baby's breathing strained, the incidence of neonatal respiratory syndrome is much higher, and therefore, more susceptible to respiratory diseases such as colds, bronchitis, pneumonia, bronchial asthma and other respiratory diseases and infectious diseases of the lungs. Children in the smog are physically stunted, more prone to irritability and crying, and more difficult to feed, as well as having increased chances of ear, nose, and throat infections, and their hearing can be affected. [5]\x0d\\\x0d\ second hand smoke harms children\x0d\\x0d\ Take the United States as an example, according to the assessment results of a professional research organization in the United States in 1998, asthma causes an annual loss of $12.6 billion to the United States economy, and about 15 million Americans suffer from asthma, of which 5 million are children. Since 1980, the incidence of asthma in children under five years of age in the United States has increased considerably. It is estimated that about 5,100 people die of asthma in the United States each year, an average of 14 per day. Asthma causes 14 million missed school days for U.S. children each year, making it the most serious chronic condition affecting children's learning. \x0d\ According to a report by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, children are the biggest victims of environmental pollution. Typically, children experience higher environmental exposures than adults, and on a per pound of body weight basis, they breathe more air than adults, and thus will inhale more pollutants. This, coupled with the fact that children are active, less able to protect themselves, and have poor immune function, makes them the most vulnerable to pollutants. \x0d\ Second-hand smoke is the most common pollutant that jeopardizes children's health. According to the World Health Organization's assessment, the main health hazards of secondhand smoke for children include triggering childhood asthma, sudden infant death syndrome, bronchitis, pneumonia and ear infections. Exposure to secondhand smoke has led to an increase in the number of episodes and worsening of symptoms in 200,000 to 1 million U.S. children with asthma; respiratory illnesses in 150,000 to 300,000 infants and children under the age of 18 months, as well as an increase in the prevalence of a childhood condition called middle ear effusion, which has been linked to secondhand smoke, with 7,500 to 15,000 of these children needing to be hospitalized each year; and about 1,900 to 2,700 cases of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) in the United States each year. In addition, about 1,900 to 2,700 cases of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) in the United States each year are also thought to be related to secondhand smoke pollution. \x0d\ Secondhand smoke is also a major stimulus for childhood asthma. One study showed that the combined effects of secondhand smoke and room mites can lead to a higher incidence of asthma in preschoolers, especially in families with two smoking parents, whose children are far more likely to suffer from related illnesses than those in nonsmoking families. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has pointed out in its report to Congress that children are the most precious asset of the United States, and that children's health is related to the quality and international competitiveness of future U.S. nationals. \x0d\ In order to protect children from the harmful effects of secondhand smoke, the U.S. has initiated a series of national actions: among them, secondhand smoke is included in the assessment of three major indoor environmental pollutants to be completed by the year 2000; the National Asthma Education and Prevention Program, which was initiated as early as 1989; the high-priority President's Task Force on Children's Environmental Risks, which was initiated in 1997; and last year's Tobacco-Free Family Pledge Initiative, among others. \x0d\\\\\x0d\\ Secondhand Smoke Response \x0d\\\\x0d\ How individuals can refuse secondhand smoke \x0d\\\x0d\1.Tell others and friends that they don't like to smoke. \x0d\2. Don't accept cigarettes handed to you by others and get into the habit of refusing them. \x0d\3. Insist on "no smoking areas" wherever you are. \x0d\4. Avoid or minimize exposure to second-hand smoke in public places and use the law to protect yourself. The Law on Prohibition of Smoking in Public Places has been enacted and people have every right to use the law to protect their interests. \x0d\5. Increase the effectiveness of the law. Letters can be written to newspapers and health officials urging public **** places to become smoke-free. \x0d\6. Make sure that children should have a smoke-free living environment whether before, at or after school. Eat at restaurants that are smoke-free or have smoke-free areas. Let smokers know that they do not like them smoking around them. \x0d\7. Let smokers know that the smell of moldy smoke on them is offensive. \x0d\\\\\x0d\ How to minimize the damage done to your body by second-hand smoke that you have already inhaled \x0d\\\x0d\1. Eat plenty of fresh vegetables and fruits (especially those rich in carotene and Vitamin C) as the vitamins have antioxidant properties that fight cancer (e.g., fruits and vegetables such as papayas, tomatoes, carrots, and pumpkins). \x0d\2. Drink more water and urinate more. More exercise and sweating can speed up the elimination of harmful substances such as nicotine from the body. \x0d\3. Experts suggest that lung cancer should be prevented and young people should quit smoking or smoke as little as possible. People with a history of smoking, early symptoms such as coughing, chest pain and shoulder pain, chronic respiratory diseases, or a family history of tumors should preferably go to the hospital once or twice a year for a low-dose spiral CT examination for early detection and treatment. \x0d\\\x0d\\ "Legislation against smoking in public ****ing places" has become a key \x0d\\\x0d\\ in order to minimize the harmful effects of second-hand smoke on people's physical and mental health, legislation is a key measure to prohibit smoking in public ****ing places. In many countries, smoking is banned in public **** places has been gradually expanded from public **** transportation, cinemas, exhibition halls, shopping centers, banks, schools, hospitals, etc., to office space (including government office buildings, office buildings of companies, etc.), and then to the mass catering and entertainment venues (including restaurants, bars, nightclubs, massage parlors, etc.). \x0d\ In March 2004, Ireland became the first country in the world to legislate for a smoke-free workplace, with smoke-free coverage including all public ****places such as offices, restaurants, pubs and hotels. Less than three months later, Norway's smoke-free legislation also came into force. Since then, 12 countries, including New Zealand, Italy, Spain, Guinea, Mauritius and Uruguay, have followed the lead of these two countries in creating smoke-free workplaces and smoke-free public ****places. \x0d\ However, by the beginning of 2009, China did not have a single law or regulation specifically stipulating that smoking should be prohibited in public ****places, and most of the relevant provisions appeared in certain clauses or bylaws of related laws and regulations, and were vague in content, with the subject of law enforcement being unclear and not very operable. For example, the General Provisions of the Tobacco Monopoly Law of the People's Republic of China, adopted at the 20th meeting of the Standing Committee of the Seventh National People's Congress in 1991, stipulate that "the State and society shall strengthen publicity and education on the hazards of smoking to health, and shall prohibit or restrict smoking on public **** transportation and in public **** places." In October 2006, the Ministry of Health set up a Leading Group for the Implementation of the Convention and established the Office of the Leading Group for the Implementation of the Convention. Entrusted by the State Council, the Ministry of Health is in the process of revising the Regulations on the Management of Hygiene in Public ****ing Places. The revised Regulations will strengthen the provisions on the prohibition of smoking in public **** places. The good news is that China hosted the Olympic Games in 2008, and since the 1988 Winter Olympics in Canada, the "Smoke-free Olympics" has not only been a goal, but a reality. Each country hosting the Olympics has implemented a total ban on smoking in public **** places such as competition venues during the games, banning smoking and all tobacco-related advertising\x0d\\\x0d\ What is secondhand smoke\x0d\\x0d\x0d\ secondhand smoke, also known as environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), includes both mainstream smoke exhaled by smokers and sidestream smoke that comes directly out of cigarettes, cigars, or pipes. Secondhand smoke contains more than 4,000 substances, including more than 40 toxic substances linked to cancer. Many of the compounds in secondhand smoke tend to be released at higher rates in sidestream smoke than in mainstream smoke. If inhaled by other non-smokers, they may also mix with the decay products of radon gas and cause greater harm to human health. \x0d\ World Health Organization's report shows that smoking is harmful to human beings in many ways, mainly leading to asthma, pneumonia, lung cancer, high blood pressure, heart disease and poor reproductive development. Among them, the harm of secondhand smoke to passive smokers is not at all lighter than that of active smokers, and it is especially harmful to children and teenagers. Surveys show that in China, the main victims of passive smoking are women and children, who, although they do not smoke themselves, are often exposed to secondhand smoke from others at home and in public **** places. In addition, workplaces and meeting places are often places where secondhand smoke is prevalent. Although they do not directly inhale cigarettes, but exhaled into the body, can still cause harm to the body, even more harmful than smokers. [\x0d\\\x0d\\ Overview of the dangers of smoking \x0d\\x0d\Tobacco smoke contains at least three dangerous chemicals: tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide. Tar is a substance that is a mixture of several substances that condenses in the lungs into a sticky substance. Nicotine is an addictive drug that is absorbed by the lungs and primarily affects the nervous system. Carbon monoxide reduces the ability of red blood cells to transport oxygen throughout the body. \x0d\ A person who smokes 15 to 20 cigarettes a day is 14 times more likely to die of lung, mouth or throat cancer than a non-smoker; 4 times more likely to die of esophageal cancer than a non-smoker; 2 times more likely to die of bladder cancer; and 2 times more likely to die of heart disease. Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of chronic bronchitis and emphysema, and chronic lung disease itself, increases the risk of getting pneumonia and heart disease, and smoking also increases the risk of high blood pressure. \x0d\ The dangers of smoking are well known. The world's annual deaths due to smoking amount to as many as 2.5 million people, smoke is the first killer of mankind. Consciously develop non-smoking personal hygiene habits, not only good for health, but also a noble public **** health morals. In the smoking room, especially in winter windows and doors closed environment, the room is not only full of carbon dioxide exhaled by the human body, there are smokers exhaled carbon monoxide, will make people feel headache, tiredness, work efficiency decline, more serious is in the smokers spit out the cold smoke, nicotine and nicotine content than the smokers inhalation of hot smoke content of more than 1 times, benzopyrene more than 2 times, carbon monoxide more than 4 times, more than 50 times ammonia. 50 times more. \x0d\ There are data showing that the incidence of lung cancer in long-term smokers is 10-20 times higher than that of non-smokers, the incidence of laryngeal cancer is 6-10 times higher, and the incidence of coronary heart disease is 2-3 times higher. The incidence of circulatory system is 3 times higher, and the incidence of bronchitis is 2-8 times higher. A survey of 1,000 families found that more children under 16 years of age in smoking families suffered from respiratory diseases than in non-smoking families. 33.5% of children under 5 years of age in non-smoking families had respiratory symptoms, compared to 44.5% in smoking families. \x0d\\ Smoking has a special risk for women, smoking women who are using oral contraceptives will increase the chances of heart attack and lower extremity venous thrombosis; smoking pregnant women's fetuses are prone to premature birth and underweight, lowered immune function in infancy and early childhood, prone to disease; according to statistics, the rate of teratogenicity of babies born to pregnant women who are passive smokers is significantly higher. \x0d\\ Smoking is harmful to yourself and others, you should consciously develop good health habits of not smoking. \x0d\\ In the 2006 China "Smoking and Health" report issued by the Ministry of Health, we see the following data: In 2002, the smoking rate of people over 15 years of age in China was 35.8%, of which the male and female smoking rates were 66.0% and 3.1% respectively. From this, it is estimated that there are about 350 million smokers, accounting for one third of the world's smokers. In addition, there is a trend towards a younger population of smokers in China, with the average age of smoking initiation dropping from 22.4 years to 19.7 years compared with the 1980s. China is both a major tobacco producer and a major tobacco consumer. Our tobacco production is equal to that of the other seven largest tobacco-producing countries combined. As many as 1.6 trillion cigarettes are sold in China every year, and the nationals consume about one third of the cigarettes in the world. If deaths caused by smoking-related diseases are included in the statistics, about 1 million people currently die every year as a result. \x0d\ Currently there are 1.1 billion smokers in the world***, and it is estimated that 700 million people in China are directly or indirectly (passively) harmed by smoking. According to WHO (World Health Organization) statistics, up to 4 million people die from smoking-related diseases every year, with an average of one person dying from smoking-related diseases every second. If left unchecked, by 2030, the number of people dying from smoking-related diseases will reach 10 million per year, and our country will account for 2 million people. According to a study released by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, an average of 250,000 men and 180,000 women in the U.S. died from 1997 to 2001 because of smoking or passive smoking, and it is estimated that smoking reduces the life expectancy of U.S. adults by an average of 14 years. Of the adults who died as a result of smoking 39.8% died from cancer, 34.7% from vascular disease, and 25.5% from respiratory disease. According to the Royal Foundation for Cancer Research in the United Kingdom on the 34,400 British male smokers tracked 40 years of data analysis, smoking caused by fatal diseases of about 40 kinds of diseases, including only a category of cancer disease there are a variety of diseases, such as oral cancer, esophageal cancer, laryngeal cancer, lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, gallbladder cancer and endometrial cancer and so on. Smoking has become an urgent problem that seriously jeopardizes health, harms the living environment of human beings, reduces people's quality of life and shortens human life. For this reason, the United Nations has established May 31 every year as the Global Quit Smoking Day, and the World Health Organization regards smoking as the plague of the twentieth century. \x0d\\\\\x0d\\\\ The hazards of smoking to various organs \x0d\\\x0d\1. Mouth and throat \x0d\\ smoke (especially the tar contained therein) is carcinogenic - that is to say, it produces cancer in the tissues it comes into contact with, and therefore any part of the respiratory tract of a smoker (including the mouth and throat) ) are at risk of developing cancer. \x0d\2. Heart and Arteries\x0d\\2. Nicotine causes the heart to beat faster and blood pressure to rise. Tobacco smoke, probably due to the presence of carbon monoxide, seems to encourage the accumulation of atherosclerosis, a condition that is a cause of many heart diseases. \x0d\2. Esophagus\x0d\2. Most smokers like to swallow a certain amount of smoke, so the digestive tract (especially the esophagus and pharynx) is at risk of cancer. \x0d\3.Lungs\x0d\The fine hairs that line the airways in the lungs normally hydrogen foreign matter away from the lung tissue. These villi will continuously sweep the particles in the lungs into the sputum or mucus to expel them. In addition to causing cancer, the chemicals in tobacco smoke will gradually destroy some of the villi and increase mucus secretion, and so the lungs become chronically diseased and susceptible to bronchitis. Obviously, "smoker's cough" is due to the impairment of the mechanical efficiency of lung cleaning, so the amount of phlegm increases. \x0d\4. Bladder\x0d\\\bladder cancer may be caused by inhaling cancer-causing chemicals contained in tar, which are absorbed into the bloodstream and excreted through the urinary tract. \x0d\\\\\x0d\\\smoking harm to the skin \x0d\\\x0d\smoking harm to the human body in fact, we all know, but the harm of smoking to women, especially in terms of the harm of smoking to the skin, smoking to women than non-smoking women to appear aged, wrinkles, color with gray. Especially the two corners of the eyes, upper and lower lips and the corners of the mouth where wrinkles increased significantly. Smoking is more harmful to women's health than men's, and it can seriously affect the health of the next generation. Smoking not only causes wrinkles and yellowing of the skin on the face, but also has the same effect on the skin all over the body. If you quit smoking, you may be able to let your skin recover slowly. \x0d\ Yolanda Helfrich and others at the University of Michigan found that there is a direct relationship between the amount of cigarettes a person smokes per day and their age and the skin damage they experience. The researchers studied 82 volunteers, 41 of whom were smokers and the other 41 were non-smokers. Their ages ranged from 22 to 91, and the researchers observed and took pictures of the inside of their upper limbs to show how good or bad the skin was. The results showed that smokers older than 65 had significantly more wrinkles in their body skin than non-smokers. \x0d\ When the skin was exposed to sunlight, mainly on the face, it became rough, wrinkled and had a sickly light yellow color. A number of previous studies have also demonstrated that the facial skin of smokers also exhibits damage like that which occurs when exposed to the sun. \x0d\ However, this study by Helfrich et al. also proved that smoking also causes the same damage to the skin of the body, which is protected by clothing, as it does to the skin of the face, thus causing the skin all over the body to age and lose its elasticity and luster. Smoking causes the blood vessels beneath the skin to shrink and reduces the blood supply to the skin. This can lead to damage and aging of the skin. It is the reduced blood supply caused by smoking that also causes damage to the corresponding internal organs, such as the arteries, kidneys and heart. Another new study shows that the arteries of smokers become hardened as a result of tobacco poisoning, thus leading to cardiovascular diseases such as increased blood pressure. Even after they stop smoking, it takes 10 years for the blood vessels to return to normal. Smoking is also harmful to others, and those who inhale the smoke do more harm than those who are smoking. Harmful to others, smoking is harmful. \x0d\\\\\x0d\\\nitotine toxicity and addiction \x0d\\\x0d\1, the toxicity of nicotine \x0d\\x0d\x0d\nitotine is a kind of bad smell, taste bitter, colorless and transparent oily liquid, volatile, highly oxidized into a dark gray color in the air, can be quickly dissolved in water and alcohol through the mouth, nose and bronchial mucous membranes can be easily absorbed by the organism. Nicotine sticking to the skin surface can also be absorbed into the body. A cigarette contains nicotine can be poisoned to death a mouse, 20 cigarettes in the nicotine can be poisoned to death a cow. The lethal dose for a human being is 50~70mg, which is equivalent to the nicotine content of 20~25 cigarettes. If the nicotine from one cigar smoke or three cigarettes is injected into a person's vein for 3~5 minutes, he or she can die. Tobacco is not only harmful to the higher animals, but also to the lower animals, so it is also the main ingredient of agricultural pesticides. That is why it is said that "poisonous snakes do not bite smokers", because they smell the bitter odor evaporated by smoking, they avoid and fly far away. By the same token passive smokers also feel uncomfortable with the odor of smoke. \x0d\ Smoking caused by acute poisoning deaths, China has long occurred, smoking more than drunk on the ground, spitting yellow water and death. For this reason, the Chongzhen Emperor had ordered a smoking ban. In foreign countries have also reported: the Soviet Union has a young man smoking for the first time, smoking a large cigar smoke after death. Britain, a long-term smoking 40-year-old healthy man, engaged in a very important work; a night smoking 14 cigars and 40 cigarettes, the morning felt uncomfortable, by the doctor's rescue died. France held a smoking contest in a club, the winner in he smoked 60 paper cigarettes, before he had time to receive the prize that is, died, other participants in the contest are due to life-threatening, to the hospital to rescue. \x0d\ So why do some people smoke larger quantities of cigarettes and are not poisoned? Daily smoking cigarettes a box (20) more than a lot of people, which nicotine content greatly exceeds the human lethal dose, but acute poisoning deaths are very few, the reason is that some of the nicotine in the tobacco by the smoke in the poisonous formaldehyde and neutralized, and most of them are not continuous smoking, these nicotine is intermittent and slow entry into the human body. In addition to paper cigarettes lit 50% of the nicotine with the smoke diffused into the air, 5% with the cigarette was thrown away, 25% was burned and destroyed, only 20% was absorbed by the body. And nicotine in the body is quickly detoxified with the urinary discharge. Coupled with long-term smokers, the body of nicotine tolerance, addiction, and make people addicted to smoking as life. \x0d\\\x0d\2, smoking why addiction \x0d\\x0d\ a mention of addictive substances, people tend to immediately think of opium, heroin, marijuana and other drugs, but forget the world's most used, the most harmful tobacco. In fact, compared with heroin, except for the fact that one is a legal consumer product and the other is contraband, there is almost no qualitative difference in other aspects, especially from the point of view of substance dependence, the two are the same. \x0d\\ medical judgment of whether a substance is dependent or not, there are two main bases. The first is whether people are compulsively using and seeking the substance; the second is whether, after stopping the use of a substance, there is a strong desire to reuse the substance and the corresponding behavior. \x0d\ The so-called compulsive use and seeking is said to be an addiction, and it is not possible not to use it. This feeling of compulsion to use is the essence of the addictive substance. In other words, the root cause of the addicts can not stop, is the long-term use of addictive substances caused by physical dependence and mental dependence, which is often referred to as the withdrawal reaction, that is to say, dozens of minutes to a few hours after stopping smoking began to want to smoke, and feel fidgety, irritable, restless, at a loss for words, and then a headache, panic, fatigue, abdominal discomfort, nausea, diarrhea, mental depression, Difficulty in concentration, temper tantrums, sleepiness and sleep disorders. These symptoms make the quitter's craving for tobacco even stronger. These symptoms are usually most prominent within three or four days after quitting, and then gradually disappear within a month or so. However, a few symptoms, such as difficulty concentrating and sleepiness, can last for a long time. Very similar to drugs such as heroin, all withdrawal symptoms can be relieved immediately after smoking, which is the ****same characteristic of all addictive substances. \x0d\ As for the mechanism of the formation of physical dependence and mental dependence, domestic and foreign scholars have done a lot of research. Some scholars let the subject smokers smoke freely in the laboratory, while giving them intravenous drip of different doses of nicotine or saline respectively. The results found that the subjects who drip 4 mg of nicotine per hour smoked 60% less than the subjects who drip saline. It was shown that the desire and behavior of smoking is regulated by the level of nicotine in the body's blood. The content of nicotine in tobacco is 0.5% to 8%, and it is mainly absorbed through the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract. The nicotine in the body of long-term smokers is maintained at a constant level, and the body has adapted to this state. Therefore, once you stop smoking, the level of nicotine in the body will drop, and smokers will feel all kinds of discomfort. Just like hypertensive patients once the blood pressure is suddenly reduced to normal, but will feel dizziness and various discomforts. \x0d\ Moreover, an interesting phenomenon is that people often unconsciously want to smoke when they are stressed or tired in order to rest or relax. But in fact, smoking will make from the rise in blood pressure, respiratory excitement, accelerated heart rate, which is the opposite of the situation when people rest, but the subjective feeling of each smoker is really comfortable and relaxation. What is the reason for this? In fact, nicotine stimulates the body's secretion of adrenaline, and adrenaline can significantly increase the body's stress capacity, thus enabling people to adapt to external stimuli to improve the ability to lead to a subjective sense of relaxation. \x0d\\\\x0d\● The Hazards of Passive Smoking\x0d\Passive smoking inhales much more harmful substances than active smoking, and the cold smoke exhaled by smokers contains 1 times more smoke tar than the hot smoke inhaled by smokers, 2 times more benzopyrene, and 4 times more carbon monoxide. Indoor smoking 2 cigarettes of pollution than outdoor 20 times higher, the same smoker *** with the life of cancer chances increase 1.4 times, the same 2 smokers *** with the life of cancer chances increase 2.3 times. Epidemiological surveys have shown that the prevalence of lung cancer in women whose husbands smoke is 1.6-3.4 times higher than in those whose husbands do not smoke. According to international sample surveys, 50% of the patients with cancer caused by smoking are passive smokers. A ban on smoking in public **** places must be strongly advocated. \x0d\ Tobacco imposes a heavy burden on society, a clear evidence of which is the increase in medical costs. The economic benefits of tax revenue from the tobacco industry have dissolved into social expenditures such as medical care and loss of labor. \x0d\\\\\\x0d\\\ impact of smoking on a variety of diseases: \x0d\1. Coronary artery disease: each year about 100,000 people in the U.S. die of coronary heart disease because of smoking, and smokers cause coronary heart disease for non-smokers of about 8 times. \Cerebrovascular disease: Smoking is one of the most important risk factors for stroke. \x0d\3. Atherosclerosis: Smokers have a significantly faster rate of poor peripheral blood circulation and deterioration than non-smokers. \x0d\4. Hypertension: Although smoking is not a direct cause of hypertension, it can aggravate hypertension and directly cause death. Smoking also interferes with the efficacy of anti-hypertensive drugs, making it impossible to control hypertension effectively. \x0d\5. Diabetes mellitus: Smoking increases blood sugar and interferes with the absorption of insulin, thus adversely affecting the control of diabetes mellitus. \x0d\6. Chronic Lung Disease: Long term smoking causes chronic lung disease and eventually chronic heart and lung failure. \x0d\7. Smokers have a decreased chance of conception, while delaying the growth of the fetus in the uterus, so that the average weight of the fetus is 170 grams less, the growth of young children after birth and intellectual development will be affected.