410 stainless steel and 304 stainless steel are commonly used stainless steel grades, the two in the composition, performance, use and so on are very different, but to say that the two in the end which is better? I'll talk about my opinion:
304 stainless steel than 410 contains the metal element nickel (Ni) to be more, corrosion and oxidation resistance is better, better stability, a wide range of uses, suitable for industrial and home improvement and daily tableware; 410 stainless steel has a higher content of carbon, has a better strength and hardness, stronger magnetism, suitable for industrial appliances such as bolts, nuts, pumps, zero, straighteners, and so on. , nuts, pump zero, straightedge and some tableware.
410 stainless steel and 304 comparison table
First of all, we need to understand the basic common sense of stainless steel. Stainless steel is generally made of iron as the main component, and then add some carbon compounds, nickel, chromium and other metal elements made of stainless steel grade is generally the content of these rare metals. The commonly used method of assessing stainless steel grades is the American Iron and Steel Institute's American Standard ASTM, stainless steel 410 and 304 grades are based on this method.
Next, I will first introduce these two stainless steel, and then focus on comparing the difference between the two, to give the relevant recommendations and precautions.
A, 304 stainless steel
304 stainless steel is the most common stainless steel in our lives, stainless steel bowls and chopsticks, stainless steel spoons, cups of water most of this material. This kind of stainless steel is exposed to more acid and alkali, so it has good acid and alkali resistance, and high density, good-looking polishing. This stainless steel is currently the most widely used, accounting for 50% of all stainless steel production.
304 stainless steel basin
Two, 410 stainless steel
410 stainless steel containing 0.15% carbon, containing 13% chromium, which is a semi-martensitic stainless steel, quenched and tempered with high strength and toughness, at a temperature of not more than 30 degrees of weak corrosive media have good corrosion resistance and machinability. In the wet atmosphere, fresh water conditions. In the wet atmosphere, fresh water conditions also have the ability to resist rust and corrosion, below 700 degrees has a high enough thermal stability. Cutting is good, but processing and molding and welding is poor.
410 stainless steel screws
Three, comparison
1. Material composition and corrosion resistance
304 stainless steel contains 17%-19% chromium and 8%-10% nickel; and 410 stainless steel contains 0.15% carbon and 11.5%-13.5% nickel. 11.5%-13.5% chromium and no nickel. 304 stainless steel contains more chromium than 410, so the corrosion resistance, oxidation resistance and high temperature resistance characteristics are much stronger. For example, common foods and environments will not cause corrosion to 304 stainless steel, while 410 stainless steel is a little more prone to corrosion.
2. Strength and hardness
410 stainless steel is martensitic form, half-martensitic, while 304 stainless steel is austenitic form, so 410 stainless steel than 304 stainless steel strength and hardness is higher. Therefore, 410 stainless steel is mostly used in the automobile transportation industry, which is not afraid of collision, while 304 stainless steel is mostly used in life scenes, such as pots and pans, water cups and so on.
3. Magnetism
410 stainless steel is one of the most commonly used martensitic stainless steels, and unlike austenitic (e.g., AISI304 and AISI316), martensitic is magnetic, which can be hardened by heat treatments such as those used for carbon and low-alloy steels. In contrast, 304 stainless steel needs to be cold-worked before it becomes somewhat magnetic.
4. Uses
410 stainless steel is generally used for bolts, nuts, pump parts, cutlery, straightedge and so on, for general purpose steel, cutting edge steel. Its derivatives also have a variety of uses. 410S is a steel grade that improves the corrosion resistance and forming properties of 410 steel. 410F2 is a lead easy-cutting steel that doesn't degrade the corrosion resistance of 410 steel. 410J1 is a high-strength steel grade that further improves the corrosion resistance of 410 steel, and is used for turbine blades and parts for high temperatures.
304 stainless steel has corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance, good processing performance, high toughness, widely used in industrial and furniture decoration industry and food and medical industry, and can be used for the production requirements of a good combination of performance of equipment and machine parts. 304 stainless steel is widely used, we commonly used pots and pans, cups and so on most of the use of this material.
Four, suggestions and precautions
If you are the choice of daily utensils such as cutlery cups, etc., you can directly choose 304 stainless steel food-grade material, which is the lowest grade of food-grade stainless steel, relatively more cost-effective; 410 stainless steel is generally used for composite pots and pans (induction cooker) or knives and forks.
Another point to note, in the selection of stainless steel food utensils, be sure to choose food-grade stainless steel, that is, with the GB 4806.9-2016 logo. GB 4806.9-2016 is the national standard for stainless steel tableware, which clearly specifies what kind of stainless steel in contact with food standards to be achieved.