Germany's economic system is based on the "social market economy model". This economic model includes not only market economy, but also social welfare and state policy intervention, that is, the common formula expressed as "market economy + general regulation + social security". Germany is one of the most developed countries in Europe and the United States in terms of social security, and its social security involves all aspects of the basic life of its social members, including birth, old age, sickness, disability, death, convalescence and education, etc. The Social Insurance Act, the Employment Injury Insurance Act, and the Old-Age, Disability, and Death Insurance Act were passed one after another as early as in 1881, 1884, and 1889. Today, health insurance in Germany is divided into two main categories: statutory health insurance and voluntary health insurance. Statutory health insurance covers workers, low- and middle-income employees, farmers, statutory pensioners, university students, the unemployed and the disabled, etc., who account for the vast majority of society's members. This kind of health insurance is essentially self-financing and self-governing, and the State only provides certain subsidies to university students and pensioners. Voluntary health insurance is for employees and government officials with high annual salaries who voluntarily choose to join the health insurance. In line with this, hospital management is market-demand oriented, based on the social health insurance system, with the government exercising macro-management of hospitals, giving high priority to regional health planning, and dividing hospitals into four levels, namely, community service hospitals, inter-community service hospitals, central hospitals, and special hospitals, according to the characteristics of medical specialties, the demand for social services, and the principles of economic structure. In this kind of "regional hospital service system" established according to the number of service population, the number of beds in special hospitals is generally more than 1,500 beds, serving a population of about 1.2 million to 1.5 million people, mainly university teaching hospitals (equivalent to China's affiliated hospitals); central hospitals are generally 1,000 beds, serving a population of about 400,000 people. around, serving a population of about 400,000-500,000 people; cross-community hospitals are generally 400-600 beds, serving a population of about 100,000 people; community service hospitals provide general medical services, generally about 200 beds, serving a population of about 50,000 people. The most important feature of the German hospital leadership system is to set up the administrative director, medical director and nursing director of the "Troika type" structure, the hospital does not set up a functional department establishment, by the three deans in the case with a secretary were responsible for their respective duties, of which the administrative director is the hospital leader and the highest decision maker, responsible for the entire hospital management, personnel, Planning infrastructure, supplies, financial budgeting and coordination between the dean; medical dean is responsible for the doctor's work, including medical technology, pharmacy, medical education and scientific research and coordination with medical practitioners, nursing dean is responsible for the organization and leadership of the hospital nursing. The qualification requirements for the administrative dean are a master's degree in economics, management, or business, or law after graduation from a college or university and two years of training in hospital management; the medical dean, who is usually a senior physician, is also required to undergo a master's degree program in economics or sociology, as well as in hospital management, health economics, etc.; and the qualification training for the nursing dean requires one year of intensive education in hospital management. The appointment of the director is decided by the board of directors after a hospital-wide assessment of performance. The nature of German hospitals are public hospitals, community hospitals (religious, charitable organizations or all kinds of foundation donations) and private hospitals, of which private hospitals account for only about 10% of the total number of beds.