1, to understand the general process of mechanical manufacturing.
2, to understand the general common metal materials.
3, to understand the composition of the commonly used gauges and master the use of methods.
4, understand the basic knowledge of metal parts processing
5, understand the limit and fit, surface roughness of the basic concepts.
6, understand the importance of production safety.
7, recognize a variety of machine tools, including lathes, milling machines, grinders, planers, boring machines, drilling machines, punching machines, inserting machines, etc., the appearance of the shape and metal parts processing of the basic types of work included in the basic operation of the lathe, clamping, milling, milling, planing and other basic operations.
Second, the internship time: 2009-6-17 2009-6-19
Third, the internship location: Pingyi County, Linyi City, Shandong Province, Shandong Linyi Linyi LINGONG Automobile Bridge Box Co.
Fourth, the internship units and departments : Shandong Linyi LINGONG Automobile Bridge Box Co. Company Introduction
Shandong Linyi Lingong Automobile Axle Box Co., Ltd. is a large-scale enterprise integrating the development, design, manufacture and sales of light automobile transmissions, agricultural equipment drive axle boxes, construction machinery parts and components assemblies and services. The company is located in the beautiful scenery, pleasant scenery at the foot of Mengshan, covers an area of 185,000 square meters, total assets of 500 million yuan, more than 1,200 employees, including 396 engineers and technicians.
The company's leading products: three platforms
●Light automobile transmissions Annual output and sales of 350,000 units, ranked first in China. Mainly for FAW Hongta, FAW light, BAIC Foton, Beijing FAW, Hefei JAC, Shenyang Jinbei, Chang'an Leapfrog, Dong'an Panther, Ziqi Tangjun, Kaima Automobile and other well-known domestic automobile manufacturers supporting. Our products are exported to the United States, Japan, Russia, India, Iran, Algeria and other countries.
●Wheat, rice, corn, soybean combine harvester drive axle box Domestic market share of 80%, technology for the industry leader. Mainly for Foton Leiwo Heavy Industry, China Harvester, Xinlian, Jinyi, YITO and other domestic large-scale agricultural equipment machinery manufacturing plant supporting.
●Construction Machinery Torque Converter, Transmission, Front and Rear Axle Assemblies and Components We are mainly engaged in supporting Shandong Lingong, Foton Leiwo Heavy Industry and other large domestic construction machinery manufacturers.
The company has always adhered to the concept of "harmony, integrity, innovation, development", and constantly improve the management mechanism, modern enterprise system. Adhere to the people-oriented, scientific development. The company has passed ISO9001: 2000, ISO/TS16949: 2002 quality management system certification, China's automotive product certification; has the right to import and export; is the controlling party of the national technical center sub-center, China Gear Professional Association harvesting machinery speed transmission technology center, the national second level of safety and quality standardization of enterprises, China's automotive parts and components of the gear industry, the top 100, China Patent Shandong Star Enterprise, Shandong famous brand products, high-tech enterprises in Shandong Province, Shandong Province machinery industry, the top ten brands of independent innovation, MW525G automotive transmission National Torch Program.
The company plans, in the next three years (2010-2012), will build the annual production and sales of all kinds of bridge box 600,000 units, sales income of 2 billion yuan of domestic large-scale bridge box production base. The company warmly welcomes you to the company to guide and negotiate business.
(2)Product Recognition
208 rice harvester drive axle (no picture)
Drive axle assembly overall super-strong design; large-capacity clutch; strong bearing capacity; good maneuverability; hydraulic/mechanical brake steering flexible, reliable; is the existing 1.8-2.2m cutting width crawler rice harvester's ideal supporting products.
Main performance parameters:
Input torque: 200N.m
Matching power: 490, 495
Matching models: 1.8-2.2m cutting width rice harvester
Weight: 175Kg
515 automotive transmission (not shown)
Standard international gears, five-speed synchronization. Synchronization; single-slide shift manipulation; shell all-aluminum/cast iron two states can be selected, is the preferred transmission for domestic microbus, micro truck.
Main performance parameters:
Center distance: 70mm
Input torque: 150N.m
Matching power: 380, 385, 480
Matching models: JAC, Dongfeng, Foton, Dong'an Panther and other micro trucks, Dongfeng Xiaokang microbus
Weight: 40Kg (iron)/30Kg (aluminum)
ZL50 drive axle (no picture)
①Main technical parameters
Speed ratio: 23.257
Main reduction ratio: 5.2857
Wheel-side reduction ratio: 4.4
Maximum input torque: 5000N.m
Maximum static load: 2500kg
Maximum dynamic load: 15000kg
Single-axle braking torque: 5200N.m
Braking pressure: 10Mpa
②Structural features: This drive axle is a Soma-type drive axle with compact and reasonable structure. Half-axle full floating, reliable caliper disk brake and other advantages. The drive axle is a two-stage deceleration transmission structure. The first stage is the main deceleration transmission device, adopting Gleason arc tooth bevel gear transmission, which has the characteristics of large input torque, high transmission efficiency, smooth operation, etc. The second stage is the wheel side deceleration transmission device. The second stage is the wheelside reduction transmission device, adopting planetary reduction transmission structure (NGW type), with good rigidity of the overall movement and smooth output speed. Between the main gearbox and the wheelside gearbox, a full floating half shaft is used to transfer the power. The half-shaft has a certain amount of floating in the axle shell, which overcomes the influence of the deformation of the axle shell on the half-shaft. It can also be matched with vibratory roller, tractor and other hosts. Is a popular loader and other construction machinery under the same conditions of the ideal supporting products
(3) Overview of the mechanical manufacturing process
Any machine or equipment, are equipped with the corresponding parts composed of equipment. Parts can be made directly from profiles by cutting process. In general, then the raw materials by casting, forging, stamping, welding and other methods to make blanks, and then made from blanks by cutting. Some parts also need to be interspersed in the blank manufacturing and processing of different heat treatment processes. Therefore, the general mechanical production process can be briefly summarized as: blank manufacturing - cutting - assembly and commissioning
1) blank manufacturing
Commonly used blank manufacturing methods are:
1, casting Molten metal
Making the casting, and pouring the molten metal into the casting, solidified to obtain a certain shape and properties of the casting of the formation method.
2, forging in the role of pressurized equipment and tools (mold), so that the billet plastic deformation, in order to obtain a certain geometric size, shape and quality of the forgings processing methods.
3, stamping in the press using a punch die to apply pressure to the sheet material, so that it produces separation or deformation, so as to obtain a certain shape, size of the product (stamped parts) of the method. Stamped products have sufficient precision and surface quality, only little (or even no) cutting process can be used directly.
4, welding by heating or pressurizing or both *** with and supplemented by the use or non-use of filler material, so that the weldment to achieve the atomic bonding processing method.
The shape of the blank is similar to the part, which needs to be processed part of the external size is larger than the corresponding size of the part, while the size of the hole cavity is smaller than the corresponding size of the part. The difference between the size of the blank and the part is the machining allowance of the blank.
The use of advanced casting, forging methods can also directly produce parts.
2) cutting
To make the parts to achieve accurate size and smooth surface, the blank should be machined by cutting the machining allowance cut off. Commonly used methods are: turning, milling, planing, grinding, drilling and boring. Generally speaking, the blank to go through a number of cutting processes to become a finished part. Due to the needs of the process, these processes can be divided into roughing, semi-finishing and finishing.
In the manufacture of blanks and cutting process, in order to facilitate cutting and ensure the mechanical properties of the parts, but also in some processes before (or after) the workpiece heat treatment. The so-called heat treatment, refers to the metal material (workpiece) using the appropriate way of heating, holding and cooling, in order to obtain the required organizational structure and properties of a process method. After heat treatment, the workpiece may have a small amount of deformation or surface oxidation, so finishing operations (such as grinding) are often arranged after the final heat treatment.
Turning the main equipment for turning lathe, lathe is mainly with the turning tool on the rotating workpiece turning machine tool. In the lathe can also be used to drill, reaming drills, reamers, taps, plate teeth and knurling tools for corresponding processing. Lathe is mainly used for processing shafts, disks, sets and other workpieces with rotating surfaces, is the most widely used in machinery manufacturing and repair factories in a class of machine tools.
Turning tools can be categorized into external turning tools, internal turning tools, cutting and grooving tools, thread turning tools and shaping tools. Turning generally have roughing and finishing two steps, the purpose of roughing is as soon as possible from the workpiece to cut most of the machining allowance, so that the workpiece is close to the final shape and size; the purpose of finishing is to cut off the roughing to the precision car left the machining allowance, a guarantee of the parts of the dimensional tolerances and surface roughness.
In addition, CNC lathe integrated application of computer technology, automatic control, precision measurement and mechanical design and other related knowledge, it is controlled by an electronic computer, with a wide range of versatility and flexibility of the highly automated lathe, it will be the processing of a variety of operations required by the operation and steps, are digitized code to indicate that, through the control medium will be sent to the digital information into the special general-purpose computer, the computer on the input information to carry out the process. The computer processes and calculates the input information and sends out various commands to control the servo system of the lathe or other executive files, so that the lathe can automatically process the required workpieces. A significant difference between CNC lathe and other lathes is that when the processing object is changed, in addition to re-installation of the workpiece, only re-enter the new program, without any adjustment to the lathe.
Millers The method of cutting various surfaces or grooves on a workpiece with a rotating milling cutter on a milling machine is called milling, and milling is one of the commonly used methods in metal cutting. Milling is mainly used for processing plane and a variety of groove surface and forming surface, etc., but also can use the universal indexing head for indexing pieces of milling, but also on the workpiece hole drilling or boring processing. Commonly used milling has vertical milling machine, horizontal milling machine, universal horizontal milling machine. Milling can be used for milling planes, slopes, step surfaces, grooves, spiral grooves, as well as equal parts (machining gears) and so on.
Planer The method of machining a workpiece with a planing cutter on a planing machine is called planing, and it is one of the commonly used methods in metal cutting. The main motion of planing is a linear reciprocating motion, mainly processing plane class and groove class (such as straight groove, T-shaped groove, dovetail groove) and other parts. The main types of planer are bullhead planer and gantry planer, the bullhead planer is mainly used for processing the surface of smaller parts, while the gantry planer is mainly used for processing the surface of larger boxes, brackets, beds and other parts. The planer knife is generally made into an elbow so that it does not nibble into the processed surface of the workpiece and damage the knife edge and the processed surface. The insertion machine is actually a vertical bullhead planer, mainly used for the processing of the inner surface of the workpiece, such as square holes, rectangular holes, polygonal holes and keyways in the holes.
Grinding Grinding is the use of abrasives with high linear speed on the surface of the workpiece processing method, it is one of the main methods of processing mechanical parts. Grinding the main use of instruments for grinding machines, mainly for parts of the internal and external cylindrical surface, internal and external conical surface, plane and forming surface (such as splines, threads, gears) of the finishing process, in order to obtain a high degree of dimensional accuracy and a small surface roughness. Among them, the grinding wheel is the main working part of the grinder, and the cutting fluid is mainly used to reduce the temperature of the grinding zone and reduce the friction between the grinding wheel and the workpiece.
Pliers Pliers are mainly the use of bench vise, a variety of hand tools and some mechanical power tools to complete the processing of certain parts, components, machine assembly and debugging, as well as all kinds of mechanical equipment maintenance and repair work. Clamping is a more complex, detailed, process demanding work, the basic operation includes: parts measurement, scribing, burring, sawing, filing, drilling, reaming, reaming, tapping threads, sets of threads, scraping, grinding, straightening, bending, riveting, sheet metal material and assembly, and so on. Pliers can be divided into general pliers, scribing pliers, repair pliers, assembly pliers, mold pliers, tool sample pliers, sheet metal pliers.
When filing different shapes, need to use different filing methods, including plane filing is the most basic filing, in addition to surface filing and through-hole filing.
3) assembly and commissioning
Processed and tested parts, according to the technical requirements of the mechanical products, with the combination of pliers or pliers and machinery in a certain order of combination, connection, fixed up to become a whole machine, the process is called assembly. Assembly is the last process of mechanical manufacturing, but also to ensure that machinery to meet the technical requirements of the key.
Assembled machine, but also after the test run, in order to observe its effectiveness in working conditions and the quality of the machine. Only after the inspection, test run qualified, can be boxed and shipped.
(4) general knowledge of metal materials
1) metal material properties
Metal material properties are divided into two categories of utility performance and process performance. Utility can reflect the use of materials in the process of performance characteristics, such as physical properties, chemical properties, mechanical properties, etc.; process performance can reflect the material processing and manufacturing characteristics.
1, the mechanical properties of metal materials Any machine parts can withstand the role of external forces (load) when working. Therefore, the material under the action of the external force of the characteristics of the performance is particularly important. This performance is called mechanical properties. Mechanical properties are: strength, plasticity, hardness and toughness.
2, the process properties of metal materials The process properties of metal materials, mainly casting, forging, welding and cutting.
2) Classification of metal materials
Non-alloy steel (commonly known as carbon steel, referred to as carbon steel)
Steel Low-alloyed steel
Iron and iron based alloys Alloy steel
(mainly refers to iron and steel materials) Cast iron
Metallic materials Ferrous alloys
Aluminum and aluminum alloys
Non-ferrous metallic materials ( (mainly refers to non-ferrous metals) Copper and copper alloys
Titanium and titanium alloys
3) Introduction to metal materials
1, steel steel iron as the main element, the carbon content is generally in the 2.0% of the next, and contains other elements of the material. Steel according to the chemical composition can be divided into non-alloy steel, low-alloy steel and alloy steel. Non-alloy steel is commonly known as carbon steel, referred to as carbon steel. Carbon steel according to the main quality level of steel and the main performance or use characteristics are divided into ordinary quality carbon steel, high-quality carbon steel and special quality carbon steel; according to the different carbon content, carbon steel can be divided into low carbon steel, medium carbon steel and high carbon steel.
Ordinary quality carbon steel Q235A is used to make screws, nuts, washers and so on.
Quality carbon steel 08F steel, 10 steel is used to make stamping and forming shells, containers, hoods, etc.; 40 steel to make shafts and rods; 45 steel to make gears, connecting rods and so on.
Special quality carbon steel mainly includes carbon tool steel, carbon spring steel, special free-cutting steel, etc. T7 steel, T8 steel is used to make hand pliers, burins, hammers, screwdrivers, etc.; T10 steel to make hand saws saw blades; T12 steel to make files, scrapers.
Low-carbon steel (carbon content of 0.25% or less) low strength, plasticity, toughness, easy to form, good weldability, commonly used in the production of structures and parts not subject to force.
Medium carbon steel (carbon content of 0.25% -0.6%) has a high strength, and both a certain plasticity, toughness, suitable for the manufacture of mechanical parts.
Engage carbon steel (carbon content of 0.6%-1.4% excluding 0.6%) plasticity and weldability are poor, but heat treatment can achieve high strength and hardness, for the production of tools, molds.
2, cast iron cast iron is mainly composed of iron, carbon and silicon alloy of the general term. Production applications of cast iron in the carbon content is usually between 2.5% -4.0%, silicon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur and other impurities in the content is also higher than steel.
Commonly used cast iron is gray cast iron. Carbon in gray cast iron is mainly in the form of flake graphite, the fracture is gray. Its tensile strength, plasticity and toughness are low, but the performance of bearing pressure is good, friction reduction, vibration damping, good cutting and processing, low cost, and therefore widely used. Gray cast iron casting is also good, can pour complex shape or thin-walled castings. Gray cast iron is a brittle material, can not be forged, its weldability is also poor. Commonly used grades are HT200 used to manufacture machine tool beds, gear boxes, tool holders and so on.
(5) commonly used gauges
In order to ensure quality, each part of the machine must be manufactured according to the drawing. Whether the part meets the requirements of the drawings, only after the measurement tool inspection to know, these tools for measurement become the gauge. Commonly used gauges are: steel straightedge, calipers, 90 ° angle ruler, vernier calipers, micrometers, percentage tables, etc..
Steel ruler steel ruler length specifications of 150mm, 300mm, 500mm, 1000mm four. The specification of 150mm of the measurement accuracy of 0.5mm, the rest of the specification for 1mm. steel ruler is commonly used to measure the blank and the requirements of the accuracy of the parts is not high.
Calipers calipers by the outer caliper and the inner caliper two kinds, respectively, used to measure the outer size (outer diameter or thickness of the workpiece) and the inner size (inner diameter or slot width). Caliper is an indirect gauge, it can not directly read out the size of the measurement, the use of steel straightedge (or other scribing gauge) must be used in conjunction with the measurements can be derived from the readings, or calipers in the steel ruler to obtain the required size, and then go to check the workpiece whether it is in line with the specified dimensions.
Vernier calipers Vernier calipers are a simple structure, medium accuracy of the gauge, you can directly two places to attack the outer diameter, inner diameter, length and depth of the size. Vernier calipers by the ruler body and vernier composition. Ruler body and fixed card foot made of one piece. The vernier and movable foot are made of one piece and can slide on the ruler body. Vernier caliper measuring accuracy of 0.02mm, 0.05mm, 0.1mm three. When measuring the workpiece with the vernier caliper, should make the card foot gradually close to the workpiece and slight contact, and at the same time be careful not to skew, in order to prevent the reading error.
Micrometer Micrometer is a precision gauge. Commonly used in the production of micrometer measuring accuracy of 0.01mm. its accuracy than the vernier calipers, and more sensitive, therefore, for the machining of high precision requirements of the size of the parts, to use the micrometer to measure. There are many types of micrometers, by the outer diameter micrometer, inner diameter micrometer, depth micrometer, etc., of which the outer diameter micrometer is used most commonly.
Percentage meter Percentage meter is a precision gauge, mainly used to correct the installation position of the workpiece, check the shape of the parts, positional errors, as well as measuring the internal diameter of the parts. Commonly used percentage meter measurement accuracy of 0.01mm.
(6), internship summary
Two days of internship ended, during which we total **** in several workshops to visit the internship, under the leadership of the teacher and the factory technicians to see a lot of also learned a lot. Let me originally in the textbook many do not quite understand things in the practice of observation has a new understanding and awareness.
In this era of science and technology, high-tech products, a wide variety of production processes, production processes are also different, but no matter what kind of products, from raw materials to products are processed to follow a certain principle of production, through some of the main equipment and processes to complete. Therefore, in the process of professional internship, first of all, we should understand the principle of production, clarify the production process and the structure and operation of the main equipment. Secondly, under the guidance of professionals, through the internship process to see the design, production and development of products and other aspects of the initial development of our ability to apply knowledge. Summarize the following aspects:
1. Understanding of the development of the contemporary machinery industry in general, the purpose of production, production procedures and product supply and demand.
2. Understood the selection of methods and technical routes for the production of mechanical products, the determination of process conditions and the principles of preparation of processes.
3. Understood the quality standards, technical specifications, packaging and use requirements of mechanical products.
4. Under the guidance of the enterprise staff, apprenticeship production process and technical design links, exercise their observation ability and knowledge application ability.
5. Social work ability has been improved accordingly, in the process of internship, we not only learn from the enterprise workers to learn the knowledge and skills, but also make us learn the scientific management of the enterprise and their professionalism. We felt the fulfillment of life and the happiness of learning, as well as the satisfaction of acquiring knowledge. The real contact with the society makes us eliminate the fear of going to the society, so that we are full of confidence in the future and face the society with a good attitude. At the same time, it also makes us experience the hardship of work and understand the serious problems faced by college students in the current society, which prompts us to try our best to learn more knowledge and lay a good foundation for our future work.
6. Enhance our teacher-student relationship, from the whole process of this production internship, from the beginning to the end, we obeyed the teacher's arrangements, strict requirements for their own, reported on time, pay attention to safety.
This internship makes me feel for the first time the application of knowledge and practice, the combination of theory and practice, so that we opened our eyes, but also to the previous knowledge of a preliminary examination of it! This production internship is really beneficial for us to study and find a job in the future. In just two days, let us initially let the rationality back to the sensibility of the re-knowledge, but also let us initially recognize the society, for the future should be grasped by the direction of the people also have inspiration!
This is my internship report, you can refer to, about the mechanical, some things must be your own modification, after all, is your own internship!