The types of CEN standards (deliverables) are European standards (EN), technical specifications (TS), technical reports (TR), and CEN Workshop Agreements (CWA), and in the early days, there were also European preparatory standards (ENV) and CEN reports (CR). There are still a number of ENVs and CRs in the current CEN Standards Catalog, which will gradually be converted to TSs and TRs, or repealed.
1. European Standard (EN)
European Standard (EN) drafted by the CEN Technical Committee (TC) or CEN Technical Bureau Task Force (BTTF), approved by the CEN Technical Bureau (BT) technical normative documents (NormativeDocuments). The drafter of a European standard must be a delegate appointed by a national member (national standards organization). The development of European standards must go through the consultation stage and the voting stage, that is, the draft standard should be formally solicited from the national members, and the consultation period is usually 5 months.TC or BTTF form the final draft on the basis of the consultation, and then circulated to the national members by the CEN management center for formal voting, and the voting period is usually 2 months, and if the weight of the affirmative vote is greater than or equal to 71%, then the BT will The draft is approved as a European Standard. The European standard must be published in the three official languages of CEN (English, French and German) at the same time, and each country can translate the European standard into its own language according to its own needs when implementing the European standard, but it must be completely equivalent without any deviation. European standards in five years must be reviewed once, in the review period, you can publish the European standard errata or change orders.
The European standard is one of the strongest enforcers of the various types of CEN standards, and countries must convert the European standard equivalents into national standards and revoke conflicting national standards. Once a European standard project, all national standards organizations are not allowed to develop the same content of the national standard without the permission of the Technical Bureau, and are not allowed to modify the existing national standards of the same content, this obligation is called "stop policy" (Standstill), so that countries will focus on the European standard drafting and harmonization. This obligation is called the "Standstill Policy" so that countries can focus their efforts on the drafting and harmonization of European standards. However, European standards are voluntary in nature, i.e. they are voluntary for producers, who may not comply with them during the manufacturing process. In this sense, the European standard is equivalent to our recommended standards (GB/T).
The code name of the standard is placed in front of the European standard number, such as: British National Standard BSEN71:2003, French National Standard NFEN71:2003, German National Standard DINEN71:2003.
In addition, part of the European standards developed by CEN is the HarmonizedEuropeanStandard ("HarmonizedEuropeanStandard"). HarmonizedEuropeanStandard.) Harmonized standards are European standards developed by CEN in accordance with the "standardization mandate" issued by the European Commission. The difference with other European standards is that: Harmonized standards are technical specifications that directly support the implementation of EU directives, and their titles, codes, and their corresponding new method directives and other information need to be published in the Official Journal of the European Union (OJEC). 2006 end of the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) to develop the harmonized standards of 1,825, and there are still 600 coordinated standards are being developed.
2. Technical specifications (TS)
Technical specifications (TS) are technical normative documents (NormativeDocuments) drafted and approved by the TC or BTTF of CEN. CEN approves a Technical Document as a Technical Specification (TS) when it may become a European Standard in the future. A Technical Document may be approved as a TS if:
(1) the draft European Standard does not receive enough votes in favor;
(2) there are questions about whether the draft European Standard has reached Consensus;
(3) the technology covered by the Standard is not mature enough;
(4) there are other reasons that prevent the immediate approval of the draft Standard as a European Standard. preventing the immediate approval of the draft standard as a European standard.
The drafter of a technical specification must be a delegate appointed by a national member (national standards organization). Technical specifications can be developed without a consultation phase, but they must have a formal voting phase. National Standards Organizations in each country must declare the existence of the approved Technical Specification at the national level, but are not required to revoke contradictory national standards. The technical specification must be published in at least one of the official CEN languages. The technical specification must be reviewed once in three years, with the first review resulting in one of three outcomes: a new version of the technical specification, repeal, or conversion to a European Standard by formal ballot. If the technical specification cannot be converted to a European Standard by the second review, it is repealed, i.e. the maximum lifetime of a technical specification is 6 years. During the review period, errata for the technical specification can be published, but not revision sheets for the technical specification. If you want to find the corresponding type in the type of national standards in China, then it is a guiding technical document (GB/Z).
3. Technical Report (TR)
A Technical Report (TR) is an InformativeDocument approved by the TC, BTTF or BT for technical information on standardization work, which is not suitable for publication as a European Standard or Technical Specification. For example, a technical report may be survey data on the standardization work of CEN national members, or it may reflect information on the standardization work of other European organizations, or it may be the latest information on national standards on a particular subject.
The drafter of the technical report must be a delegate of the national member (national standards organization). Technical reports can be developed without a consultation phase, but they must have a formal voting phase. Unlike European Standards and Technical Specifications, this vote is a simple majority vote without regard to the weight of the affirmative votes. Technical reports must be published in at least one of the official CEN languages. National standards organizations in each country are also not required to announce the existence of an approved Technical Report at the national level. There is no time limit on the validity of a Technical Report, and an errata to that Technical Report may be published, as well as a revised version of that Technical Report, but not a revision sheet of that Technical Report.
4. CEN Workshop Agreement (CWA)
The CEN Workshop Agreement (CWA) is a faster and more flexible standardized product, approved by the CEN Workshops, that reflects the agreement reached by the individuals and organizations participating in the workshops.The CWA was introduced initially to meet the needs of the rapidly evolving field of information communication. Today, CWAs are used in all areas of CEN standardization. CEN Workshops are open to anyone interested in standards development, with no requirement for national representation and no geographic restrictions, so CWA drafters can come from all over the world. CWAs must be published in at least one of the official CEN languages. Like TS and TR, CWAs do not have the same enforcement effect as European standards, i.e., CEN members are not obliged to adopt a CWA as a national standard. CWAs are valid for three years, and when they expire, the CEN Management Center consults the workshop that drafted the CWA, and it either becomes obsolete, or it becomes a new version of the CWA.
CEN's types of standards correspond roughly to ISO's. e.g., EN corresponds to ISO's standards. CEN's standard types correspond roughly to those of ISO, e.g., EN corresponds to ISO, CEN/TS corresponds to ISO/TS, CEN/TR corresponds to ISO/TR, and CWA corresponds to IWA (International Workshop). ISO's PAS (PublicAvailableSpecification) has no counterpart in the CEN system.
Second, the classification of CEN standards statistics
By the end of 2006, the total number of CEN standards reached 12,357, of which 289 technical specifications (TS), technical reports (TR) 133, seminar protocols (CWA) 260, the European preparatory standards (ENV) 202, CEN reports (CR) 120, European standards ( EN) 1l353 (including 641 amendment orders), so that the number of European standards developed by CEN at the end of 2006 was 10,712 if amendment orders are excluded. Of these European Standards, 1825 are harmonized standards that directly support EU Directives.
In 2006, CEN approved the publication of 1,472 standards, of which 1,287 were European Standards, 101 were Technical Specifications, 53 were Technical Reports, and 31 were Workshop Agreements. In addition, at the end of 2006, CEN had 3,510 work items in progress, including 600 harmonized standards development projects.
The CEN Management Center (CMC) does not sell European standards itself, and all CEN standards need to be obtained from CEN national members (national standards organizations in each country).
The European standards approved and published by CEN mainly cover 15 areas, specifically: (1) chemistry: mainly hydrocarbon fuels, biofuels, adhesives, explosives for civil use, etc.; (2) construction and municipal engineering: mainly including construction, products, materials and equipment for construction, fire protection, geotextiles, etc.: (3) household goods, sports and recreation: mainly including toys, sports sports and sports venue equipment, textiles, pyrotechnics, etc.: (4) Environment: mainly includes air quality, water quality, waste landfill and eco-labeling, etc.; (5) Food: mainly includes food composition analysis, animal feed, quality insurance, food packaging and transportation, etc.; (6) General standards: mainly includes accreditation, certification, testing, as well as lighting, acoustics, and vibration, etc.; (7) Medical: mainly includes medical equipment, injection and diagnostic equipment, materials and equipment for eye and dental health, etc.; (8) Occupational health and safety: mainly including personal protective equipment, such as equipment to protect the ears, eyes and respiratory tract, etc.; (9) Heating, refrigeration and ventilation: mainly including gas appliances, oil-fired equipment, solid-fueled equipment, refrigerators, heat pumps, etc.; (10) Information society: mainly including information and communication technology, electronic European programs, etc.; (11) Materials: mainly includes steel, copper, aluminum, lead, zinc and tin, as well as paper, leather, fibers and plastics, etc.; (12) Mechanical engineering: mainly includes mechanical safety, pressure equipment, boilers, pipelines, tanks, etc.; (13) Services: mainly includes standards used to regulate contracting and training, such as the need for contracting and appropriate qualification training in transportation, tourism and postal services; ( 14) Transportation and packaging: mainly includes interoperability of high-speed and ordinary railroads, aviation, transportation of dangerous goods, packaging, waste packaging, etc.; (15) Utilities and energy: mainly includes water and steam supply, electric power engineering, cogeneration, wastewater treatment, solar energy, etc.