Electrical wiring is the basic project in home decoration, and its quality is directly related to the safety and convenience of home electricity. In view of the problems existing in the previous residential electrical design standards, the Ministry of Construction formulated and began to implement the new national residential standards, and put forward specific requirements for the setting of residential electrical circuits. Therefore, whether decorating a new house or buying an existing house, we should fully consider the safety, functionality, comfort and development of the electrical settings in the house. Let's take you into your home improvement site and see how the electrical lines are wired during the decoration.
One: take out stitches and change needles.
If the old house is renovated and the original aluminum wires are used, they must be removed, because the aluminum wires can no longer meet the needs of modern household electricity. Construction workers must never replace wires only at switches and plugs to cope with residents, otherwise it will bury potential safety hazards for residents in the future.
After the old wire is removed, it should be replaced with plastic copper wire. According to the new standard, the cross-section of each household's household line should not be less than10mm2, so for ordinary families,1.5mm2 is enough for lamps, 2.5mm2 for switch sockets, and 4 mm2 for lines for installing high-power appliances such as air conditioners. For the whole line, the number of branch circuits should not be too small. Generally, lights should be unidirectional, air conditioners should be bidirectional, and sockets should be three-way and four-way. The advantage of this is that once a line has a short circuit or other problems, the power outage range is small; It will not affect the normal work of other roads.
Two: Buried wiring
For the sake of beauty, wiring generally adopts the way of slotting and burying wires in the wall. When wiring, use concealed pipes.
There should be no joints and kinks in the wires in the pipe. You can't bury the wire directly in the plastering layer, because it is not only harmful to the replacement of the wire in the future, but also very unsafe.
If a slot is made in a reinforced concrete wall, it should be cut with a marble machine, not an electric hammer. The electric hammer is easy to loosen the wall around the buried groove and destroy the wall structure.
In the wiring process, the principle of "live wire enters the switch and zero wire enters the lamp holder" should be followed; Socket wiring should be "left zero and right fire, up grounding"; When connecting wires, you can't simply wrap two wires together with insulating tape. Tin must be brushed at the connection and pressed with pliers to avoid line aging due to uneven overcharge.
Three: switch and socket
When wiring, carefully consider the installation position and quantity of switches and sockets. The height of the switch or socket in the same room should be consistent, generally, the switch is off the ground 1.4m and the socket is off the ground 0.3m. Switches in the foyer and living room should be installed where the owner can easily reach the door after returning home.
The number of sockets at home should not be too small. If the number of sockets is less, users have to pull wires and connect socket boards, which will cause unsafe hidden dangers. Therefore, the number of sockets should be considered in advance to minimize the use of terminal boards by residents in the future. Generally speaking, one room should have two sockets, and the number of sockets in two rooms should not be less than 14. Of course, the location and quantity of specific installation depends on the layout of furniture on the drawings; For example, when a family wants to use combined furniture that can hold a TV, it is necessary to install a socket according to the height of the TV, and at the same time, it is necessary to leave the outlet of the TV antenna; For example, after the position of the bed in the bedroom is determined, two sockets should be symmetrically installed on both sides of the bed to prevent the owner from using bedside lamps and portable appliances.
Four: kitchen and bathroom
Because of the special functions of kitchen and bathroom, it is important to consider when laying electrical equipment. The switch and socket in the kitchen should be avoided to be installed around the gas stove; In addition to installing a socket for the range hood and a socket for the refrigerator, one or two sockets should be reserved according to the position of the console, which is convenient for the owner to use when purchasing kitchen appliances.
The wiring of the bathroom must be completed before the waterproof sealing board. Wires must pass through pipes, switches and sockets should be waterproof, and lamps should be explosion-proof; Equipped with toilet equipment, it is best to have a lamp for washing; In addition, two sockets should be reserved in the bathroom to facilitate residents to use household cleaning appliances such as washing machines.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) Selection of construction units and materials
The design and installation of residential electricity is a big problem related to safety, so in order to fully ensure the construction quality, we must find qualified professional construction units and personnel. When buying electrical materials, we must recognize the regular brands and choose qualified products that meet the relevant standards; In addition to safety factors, we should also pay attention to its practicality, decoration, energy saving and convenience when purchasing electrical products.
At present, there are many energy-saving electrical products on the market, and lamps, switches and sockets with strong decoration are dazzling, and you can choose them according to the specific situation. For example, the panel shapes of switches and sockets are not only common squares, but also round, oval and rectangular, with smooth and soft lines and comfortable feel; Some also printed many patterns on the panel, such as imitation wood grain, imitation stone grain and so on; The color has also broken through the single white in the past, and red, blue, yellow, green and magic colors have more decorative effects; Nowadays, the design of socket is developing towards safety. For example, some sockets are equipped with two automatic slide rails in the jack. When the plug is inserted, the slider slides to both sides to expose the jack. When the plug is pulled out, the slider closes and blocks the jack, which can prevent children from being injured by electric shock when inserting their fingers into the jack. Therefore, choosing these products is very beneficial to beautify the home and use electricity safely.