Any headphones worn for a long time will have an impact on hearing. Bone conduction headphones are relatively less harmful, but it is recommended not to wear headphones for a long time.
The biggest difference between bone conduction headphones and ordinary headphones is that they open both ears and use the skull to transmit sound directly to the cochlea. Compared with ordinary earphones, this design does not have the first two defects of ordinary earphones that cause ear discomfort.
But for the last point, when the sound is too loud, bone conduction headphones are the same as ordinary headphones and cannot bypass the necessary path of the cochlea. Therefore, even with bone conduction headphones, the sound cannot be turned up very loud, as it will also accelerate the loss of the cochlea.
Extended information:
Under normal circumstances, sound waves are transmitted into the inner ear through two paths: air conduction and bone conduction, and then vibration is generated by the endolymph and perilymph of the inner ear, and the spiral organ After the sensory process is completed, the auditory nerve then generates nerve impulses and presents them to the auditory center. After comprehensive analysis by the cerebral cortex, the sound is finally "heard".
Perhaps for air conduction (the path is sound wave-auricle-external auditory canal-tympanic membrane-malle bone-incus-stapes-vestibular window-external and endolymph-spiral apparatus-auditory nerve-auditory center), we I still have some perceptual understanding more or less, but I am a little confused about bone conduction. Maybe you will understand with an example: cover your ears with both hands and talk to yourself, no matter how small the sound is, we can hear what you are saying. This is the result of bone conduction.
Bone conduction has two methods: mobile and extrusion. The two can work together to stimulate the spiral organ and cause hearing. The specific conduction path is: "sound wave-skull-bone labyrinth-inner ear lymph fluid-spiral organ. -Auditory nerve-cerebral cortex auditory center”.
Usually people do not need to use their skulls to feel sounds. However, when lesions in the outer and middle ears block sound wave transmission, bone conduction can be used to compensate for hearing. Such as bone conduction hearing aids, bone conduction headphones, etc., which use bone conduction to feel sound.
Most of the time, the headphones you come into contact with are through "air conduction" and are called "air conduction headphones"; while the headphones produced based on the bone conduction principle are called "bone conduction headphones".
Reference: Baidu Encyclopedia-Bone Conduction Headphones