Daimler: Humans will still be the creators of technology.
18 14, george stephenson, an Englishman, invented the first steam locomotive in human history, which was called Voyager. It is called a "train" because it keeps emitting fire from the chimney as it moves forward.
1825, the first railway was built in Britain. In September of that year, Voyager was officially put into trial operation, dragging more than 30 carriages and running for 40 kilometers at a speed of 24 kilometers per hour.
At that time, in the eyes of technical skeptics, the motorcycle was an "evil thing", and they predicted that human beings would suffer the consequences because of this "hellish" invention. For example, I am worried that train smoke will poison passengers, train airflow will cause pneumonia, and the fast pace of the train will confuse the brain.
Why did the skeptic change his mind again?
Daimler board member Bai (Renata? Jungo？ Ms. Brungger) put forward two reasons: first, because with the passage of time, people have completely adapted to the existence of these technologies and even begun to understand the value of new technologies. Moreover, sooner or later, rules will be made to restrict these new technologies.
On the morning of September 2065438 19, German time, when she delivered a speech on the guiding principles of Daimler's artificial intelligence at the Frankfurt Motor Show, which opened that day, she thought that the digital transformation was also undergoing the same change, and the rise of artificial intelligence was also the same, which brought similar challenges.
Consulting firm PricewaterhouseCoopers predicts that by 2030, artificial intelligence will promote GDP growth of China, North America and Europe by about 26%, 14% and 10% respectively. This technology will not only help to overcome many challenges brought by climate action, but also further optimize the achievements in many fields such as transportation, medicine and agriculture.
Auto business review pointed out that although technical experts, business leaders and government officials all agree that artificial intelligence is one of the most revolutionary technologies in the world, they generally point out that it also brings new risks to personal privacy and daily life.
Bai Yunge said: "Artificial intelligence has been fully integrated into our daily life, which is a good example in the field of autonomous driving. However, throughout history, every invention is full of charm and awe. "
She said that for most artificial intelligence applications, a large amount of data is essential, including personal data. However, many customers do not want their personal information to be leaked. They are worried that the data protection is not perfect, and the data is tampered with or out of control. Some people even worry that such a developed artificial intelligence system will one day rule the world.
How to solve crises, fears and challenges while seizing the opportunities brought by artificial intelligence?
To this end, Daimler identified four principles: rational utilization; Explanatory; Protect privacy; Safe and reliable. Bai Yunge emphasized: "Humans will still be the creators of technology!"
Bosch: Humans must retain the ultimate control over the decisions made by artificial intelligence.
On February 9, 2020/KLOC-0, local time, German industrial giant Bosch also proposed a similar "AI code of ethics", that is, artificial intelligence must be safe, reliable and interpretable, and human beings should always retain control over artificial intelligence.
Bosch released this guide at the opening ceremony of the 7th Bosch Connected World Congress (BCW) in Berlin on the same day.
"Artificial intelligence is a tool to serve human beings. Any artificial intelligence decision that may affect people needs human supervision. " Bosch CEO Volkmar Downer (Volkmar? Denner) said so.
Previously, Bosch decided to take the values embodied in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights as the basis, and actively deal with the moral and ethical problems in the use of artificial intelligence technology.
Chief Digital Officer and Chief Technology Officer of Bosch Group? Michael. Dr Bolle said: "Only when people no longer regard artificial intelligence as a mysterious' black box' will the seeds of trust sprout. Trust will be an indispensable factor in realizing the connected world. "
He said that the newly released Bosch AI code of ethics adheres to the concept of "technology makes life better" and combines the spirit of innovation with social responsibility.
According to Bosch's AI code of ethics, artificial intelligence must make decisions with human intervention or a certain degree of influence. It contains three mechanisms and abides by * * *, that is, in the artificial intelligence products developed by Bosch, human beings must retain the final control over the decisions made by artificial intelligence.
The first mechanism is human-in-command, which is suitable for the situation that artificial intelligence only appears as an auxiliary tool. For example, in decision support systems, artificial intelligence helps people to classify objects or organisms.
The second mechanism is human-in-the-loop, which is suitable for the situation that the artificial intelligence system can make independent decisions, but human beings can intervene in their decisions at any time. For example, in the driver assistance system, the driver can directly intervene in the decision-making of the parking assistance system.
The third mechanism is the man-in-the-loop in the design stage, which is suitable for emergency braking systems and other applications. When developing such intelligent products, experts will define parameters as the basis for artificial intelligence decision-making, while human beings will not participate in decision-making, and artificial intelligence will do it. However, engineers can retroactively check whether the machine meets the set parameters at any time to make a decision, and can modify the parameters when necessary.
Bosch plans to train nearly 20 thousand artificial intelligence employees in the next two years. The ethics of artificial intelligence will also become part of the training content.
It is said that by 2025, every Bosch product will have artificial intelligence function, or use artificial intelligence technology in the development and production process.
According to a report by PricewaterhouseCoopers, since 20 18, various organizations in Europe have published 44 reports and put forward suggestions on "artificial intelligence ethics".
Facebook: promises to strengthen the response to harmful information on the Internet.
Auto business review noted that both Daimler and Bosch pay more attention to artificial intelligence because of human control over artificial intelligence, but the giants from Silicon Valley pay more attention to artificial intelligence because of privacy.
Artificial intelligence now appears in apple's Siri and Face? Products such as ID also power Google's search engine, driverless cars and Facebook's advertising business. Since June 5438+ 10, 2020, executives from Facebook, Google and Apple have visited Brussels one after another, because the EU will issue a policy on artificial intelligence supervision.
The first is Sundar pichai, CEO of Google's parent company Alphabet. Pichai) came to Brussels, Belgium. Then, John Jenna Andrea, Apple's senior vice president of artificial intelligence (John? Giannandrea) also appears here.
Since 20 18, the European Union has passed laws and regulations on digital privacy, and punished Google and other companies for antitrust issues, which has also prompted other parts of the world to take more severe actions against technology giants.
The European Commission's new policy on artificial intelligence may also become a template for other countries and regions to follow. Technology giants such as Google, Facebook and Apple who have made heavy bets on artificial intelligence are very worried.
During his visit to Brussels, Pichai admitted that people are really worried about the possible negative effects of artificial intelligence and need to properly supervise it, but he believes that "a balance needs to be found" to ensure that rules will not stifle innovation.
On February 17, German time, Facebook CEO Mark zuckerberg (Mark? Zuckerberg also joined the trip to Brussels and held talks with Margrethe Vesta, Executive Vice President of the European Commission. Vestager) and other local officials meet. He hopes that by promising to strengthen the response to harmful information on the Internet, the EU will lower the market access threshold for foreign enterprises.
For many years, American legislators and regulators basically did not interfere with the development of Silicon Valley companies, allowing them to develop unhindered and rarely censoring the dissemination of false information on social networks.
Vesta Geer compared Europe's tough stance on science and technology supervision with its supervision on agriculture. Many pesticides and chemicals allowed in the United States are banned in Europe.
She said that the practice in Europe is that if something is risky, then the whole society wants to supervise it. "The most important thing for us is to create a society where people feel that they can be sure of what happened."
Vesta Geer is responsible for coordinating the first draft of European artificial intelligence policy. 20 19 12 1 physicist Ursula von der Leyen (ursula? Feng? der？ Leyen) gave Vesta Geer a deadline of 100 days when she took office, and asked her to publish a preliminary proposal on artificial intelligence before the deadline.
Vesta Geer said that she is not worried about artificial intelligence recommending a song on Spotify or a movie on Netflix, but about artificial intelligence algorithms deciding who can get loans or diagnose what diseases.
She is particularly worried about the widespread application of facial recognition technology, and said that new restrictions may be needed before this technology is "ubiquitous". At that time, it was also reported that the draft EU white paper on artificial intelligence suggested that face recognition technology should be banned from being used in public places within three to five years.
EU: Technology must conform to people's rights
On February 19, the day Bosch released the code of ethics for artificial intelligence, Ursula von der Leyen, President of the European Commission, released a white paper on artificial intelligence in Brussels, which included unprecedented regulations on how enterprises use artificial intelligence.
This 30-page white paper consists of two parts: the policy framework and the elements of the future regulatory framework, and outlines the AI strategy of the European Commission: rapid economic development to win scientific and technological competition, and moral compliance with continental European values.
The European Commission pointed out that artificial intelligence is developing rapidly, and Europe needs to increase investment in it, while at the same time dealing with a series of potential risks. Ursula von der Leyen emphasized that technology must conform to people's rights.
The white paper proposes to establish a "reliable artificial intelligence framework", focusing on three major goals: developing people-oriented technologies; Create a fair and competitive economy; Build an open, democratic and sustainable society.
Although there are no restrictions on face recognition in the next three to five years in this official white paper, the white paper has formulated a series of measures to protect citizens' privacy and data security.
With regard to face recognition, the white paper points out that the collection and use of biological data for remote recognition pose specific risks to basic rights, and EU data protection rules prohibit in principle the processing of biological data for the purpose of identifying specific natural persons, except in special circumstances.
The white paper said: "In order to solve the social concerns that may be caused by the use of artificial intelligence for this purpose in public places and avoid the division of the internal market, the European Commission will hold a wide-ranging debate in Europe to discuss possible legal applications (if any) and safeguard measures."
At the same time, artificial intelligence enterprises must pass the safety inspection and qualification audit of relevant departments before they can enter the EU market. Among them, artificial intelligence enterprises in "high-risk" industries such as medical devices, autonomous driving, social security and mobile payment are listed as key audit and supervision targets.
EU Justice Commissioner Lundez pointed out: "If there is a traffic accident in a self-driving car, who will be responsible for it? We must be prepared for similar problems. "
In the next three months, the EU's white paper on artificial intelligence will openly solicit opinions from people from all walks of life, and then be revised according to the feedback results.
By the end of 2020, the EU will formulate and promulgate the legally binding digital rules such as the EU Digital Services Law, thus making clear provisions on standardizing market access, strengthening corporate responsibility and protecting basic rights.
These regulations not only apply to local enterprises in Europe, but also have an important impact on digital enterprises in third countries operating in the EU.
White Paper: The Beginning of Europe's New Digital Strategy?
20 10? Since 2000, the EU has regarded smart growth as one of its three growth goals (smart growth, sustainable growth and inclusive growth).
20 13? In 2006, two flagship plans of emerging technologies in the future were officially implemented, namely, the Human Brain Project and the Graphene Project. ? The main research goal of the EU Brain Project is to realize the artificial simulation of the human brain, which is the first brain science project in the world.
This project is not only devoted to revealing the mechanism of human brain activity and the essence of human cognition, but also its theoretical achievements can directly provide the most powerful support for the development of artificial intelligence. Auto business review believes that this may also be an important reason why Daimler and Bosch emphasize that artificial intelligence is dominated by human beings.
Focusing on the goal of intelligent growth, the EU has vigorously promoted the implementation of the "digital agenda", focused on building a "digital single market" and accelerated the process of "Industry 4.0". 20 17? In 2006, the European Union officially announced that its digital single market covering all member countries had entered the formal construction stage.
20 18? In, the European Union launched the first? 3? Quantum technology, a flagship plan of emerging technologies in the future, actively develops quantum network communication and quantum computers, laying a foundation for the development of artificial intelligence in terms of data transmission, analysis and processing capabilities.
From digital medical care to precision agriculture, from autonomous driving to smart cities, artificial intelligence technology is widely used and has great economic potential. However, the European Union has lagged behind the United States and China in the research and application of artificial intelligence.
According to the latest statistical report released by the World Intellectual Property Organization, at present, more than 85% of the patents related to artificial intelligence in the world come from Chinese and American enterprises.
The most detailed publication, EU White Paper on Artificial Intelligence, shows that Europe needs to greatly increase its investment level in artificial intelligence research and innovation, with the goal of attracting 20 billion euros of AI technology R&D and application funds in the EU every year in the next 65,438+00 years.
The EU estimates that the existing economic scale of digital technologies such as artificial intelligence in the EU is 300 billion euros, accounting for 2.4% of EU GDP, and this figure will triple in five years. Industries such as artificial intelligence have created 5.7 million jobs for the EU, and this number will at least double in five years.
At present, Bosch has set up artificial intelligence centers in seven locations around the world. As the "cyber" of Baden-Wü rttemberg? As one of the founding members of the Silicon Valley Research Alliance, Bosch will invest 654.38 billion euros to build an artificial intelligence park, and 700 experts in the park will soon be able to work side by side with external researchers and startups.
Undoubtedly, this white paper represents the beginning of Europe's new digital strategy, and puts forward higher requirements for technology enterprises in the United States and China.
Therefore, Westergue said that the introduction of digital strategies such as artificial intelligence provided the EU with a second chance to become the world's advanced technology leader.
This article comes from car home, the author of the car manufacturer, and does not represent car home's position.