European research on the transmission of sound over long distances began in the 17th century. Robert Hooke, a famous British physicist and chemist, first suggested the idea of transmitting sound over long distances. And in 1796, Hughes proposed a way to relay voice messages with a microphone and called this communication method -Telephone, which has been used to this day.
In 1832, Jackson, an American doctor, on a mail ship sailing in the Atlantic Ocean, gave a lecture on the principles of electromagnets to the passengers, and the travelers were fascinated by the 41-year-old American painter Morse. At that time, the French signaling system could only transmit messages for miles as far as the eye could see, and Morse dreamed of transmitting electromagnetic signals by electric current and sending messages thousands of miles away in an instant. Since then, Morse's life has been radically transformed.
Morse was inspired by the fact that the current flowing in a wire would spark when the wire was suddenly cut off: if the current cut off for a moment to send a spark as a signal, the current is on without a spark as another signal, the current is on for a longer period of time as a signal, the combination of these three signals can represent the full range of letters and numbers, and the words can be transmitted through the current in the wire to faraway places. In 1837, Morse finally designed the famous Morse code, which utilizes different combinations of "dots", "scratches" and "intervals" to represent the letters, numbers, punctuation and symbols. On May 24, 1844, in the Federal Supreme Court Chamber of the Capitol Building in Washington, D.C., Morse operated the telegraph with his own hands, and with a series of "dots" and "scratches", Baltimore, 64 kilometers away, received a telegram from the "Baltimore" telegraph. Baltimore, 64 kilometers away, received the world's first telegram with a series of "ticks" and "taps".
[edit]The Invention of the Telephone
The Inventor of the Telephone - Antonio Meucci
A few years' worth of crap. Junior "History and Society" page 75 on the "19th century technology and culture" mentioned: "American Bell invented the telephone, fundamentally changed the way of human communication." As for the inventor of the telephone, the textbook, due to the time of its preparation, still adopts the traditional statement attributing the invention of the telephone to Bell. However, there is historical controversy about the true inventor of the telephone, which involves three related figures: Bell, Gray, and Meucci. The following material for students is not meant to subvert our textbook, but simply to provide a more comprehensive and nuanced understanding of the issue by exploring it in depth.
For most people, the invention of the telephone is bound to be associated with Alexander Graham Bell whenever it is mentioned. Bell conducted extensive research to explore the composition of speech and analyze the vibrations of sound on sophisticated instruments. In the experimental apparatus, vibrations on a vibrating membrane were transmitted to a glass plate blackened with charcoal, and the vibrations could be "seen". Next, Bell began to wonder if it was possible to convert sound vibrations into electronic vibrations. This would allow sound to be transmitted through wiring. Over the years, Bell tried to invent several telegraph systems. Gradually, Bell developed the idea of inventing a set of machines that could transmit several messages simultaneously over a single line. He envisioned coordinating different frequencies through several armatures. At the sending end, these armatures would cut off the current at a certain frequency and send a series of pulses at a specific frequency. On the receiving end, only the armature that matched the frequency of that pulse would be activated. In his experiments, Bell stumbled upon the idea that transmitting electromagnetic waves along a wire could transmit sound signals. After several experiments, sound could be transmitted steadily through the line, only it was still not clear. Due to Bell's heavy teaching load, there was no progress in his research for a long time. 1876, on the eve of Bell's 30th birthday, the idea of transmitting sound through wires was accidentally certified by a patent. Bell rekindled his passion for research, and on March 10, 1876, Bell's telephone call announced the dawn of a new era in human history.
Yet Bell was not the only person to work on the telephone. A man named Elisha Gray was involved in a legal battle with Bell over the patent for the telephone. Gray filed the patent on the same day as Bell, but lost the case because he was a little later than Bell (only about 2 hours later).
In fact, about the invention of the telephone we should also think of another obscure Italian, Antonio Meucci, who moved to the United States in 1845. Meucci obsessed with electrophysiology research, he inadvertently discovered that the radio waves can transmit sound. 1850 to 1862, Meucci made several different forms of sound transmission apparatus, called the "long-distance microphone". Unfortunately, Meucci was too poor to protect his invention. At the time, there was a $250 filing fee to file a patent, and the long hours of research had depleted his savings. Meucci's poor command of English also prevented him from understanding how to protect his invention. Then fate dealt Meucci an even bigger blow when, in 1870, he became seriously ill and had to sell his invention for the low price of six dollars. In order to protect his invention, Meucci tried to obtain a document called a "Petition for Patent to Protect Invention". He had to pay a fee of $10 per year and renew it once a year, and after three years, Meucci was on social welfare and couldn't afford to pay the fee, so the petition lapsed.
In 1874, Meucci sent a couple of "long-distance microphones" to the Western Union Telegraph Company. He hoped to sell them the invention. However, he did not receive a reply. When requesting the return of the originals, he was told that the machines had disappeared! Two years later, Bell's invention came out and a huge contract was signed with the Western Union Telegraph Company. Meucci sued for this and the Supreme Court agreed to hear the case. However, Meucci died in 1889, and the lawsuit was dropped.
It was not until June 15, 2002, that the U.S. Congress passed a bill recognizing Antonio Meucci as the inventor of the telephone. Today there is a monument in Florence, Meucci's birthplace, which reads "Here rests the inventor of the telephone, Antonio Meucci".
At present, the widely recognized inventor of the telephone is Bell, who applied for a patent for the telephone on February 14, 1876 at the U.S. Patent Office. In fact, just two hours after he filed his application, a man named E. Gray also applied for a patent for the telephone.
Before the two of them, there were already many people in Europe who were envisioning and working on this. As early as 1854, the principle of the telephone had been envisioned by the Frenchman Bossard, and six years later the German Reis repeated the idea. The principle is: will be two pieces of thin metal connected with wires, one side of the sound, the metal sheet vibration, into electricity, transmitted to the other side. But this is only a vision, the problem is the construction of the sender and receiver, how can the sound of this mechanical energy into electrical energy, and transmission.
Initially, Bell used electromagnetic switches to form an on-off pulse signal, but this was clearly not feasible for such high frequencies as sound waves. The final success stems from a chance discovery, June 2, 1875, in a test, he connected the metal plate on the electromagnetic switch, did not expect in this state, the sound wonderfully turned into an electric current. Analyze the principle, it turned out to be due to the vibration of the metal sheet due to the sound, in its connection with the electromagnetic switch coil induced current. Now it seems that this principle is a student of junior high school physics also know, but at that time this is undoubtedly very important discovery for Bell.
Gray's design principle was different from Bell's, utilizing the change in resistance of the liquid inside the sender, while the receiver was identical to Bell's. In 1877, Edison patented the invention of the carbon granule sender again. Meanwhile, many others made various improvements to the way the telephone worked. The patent battle was so intricate that it didn't end until 1892. One reason for this situation was that the Western Union Telegraph Company, the largest in the United States at the time, bought the rights to Gray and Edison's patents against Bell's telephone company. The result of the long patent battle was an agreement that Western Union Telegraph fully recognized Bell's patents and never again got its hands on the telephone industry, in exchange for a 20 percent share of Bell's telephone company revenues for 17 years.
[edit]Development of telephone technology
In the decades following the invention of the telephone, a large number of patents were issued around the operation of the telephone, technology and other issues, Strowger's "automatic dialing system" reduced the problems caused by manual wiring, the use of dry cell batteries reduced the size of the telephone, the use of loading coils reduced the size of the telephone, and the use of loading coils reduced the size of the telephone, and the use of dry cell batteries reduced the size of the telephone. In 1906, Lee De invented the electronic test tube, whose amplification function led the way for telephone service. Later Bell Telephone Laboratories made the electronic triode from this, and this research was of great significance. on January 25, 1915, the first inter-district telephone line was opened between New York and San Francisco. It used 2,500 tons of copper wire, 130,000 poles and countless loading coils, and three vacuum tube amplifiers along the way to strengthen the signal. on July 1, 1948, Bell Labs scientists invented the transistor. This was significant not just for the development of the telephone, but had a huge impact on all aspects of human life. In the following decades, a large number of new technologies emerged, such as the production of integrated circuits and the use of fiber optics, all of which played a very important role in the development of communication systems.
[edit]Telephones in China
After the Opium War, while the Western powers plundered land and wealth in China, they also brought modern postal and telecommunication to China.In 1900, the first city telephone in China was introduced in Nanjing; Shanghai and Nanjing Telegraph Offices operated city telephones, and at that time, there were only 16 telephones.From 1904 to 1905, the Russian Yantai to Niuzhuang to set up a radio station. China's ancient postal system and civil communication institutions were gradually replaced by advanced postal and telecommunications.
During the period of the Republic of China, China's postal and telecommunication communications were still under the control of the Western powers. Coupled with years of war, communication facilities were often damaged. During the war period, the Japanese imperialists remodeled and expanded the telecommunication network system out of war needs and attempts to dominate China for a long time. They took advantage of the backwardness of China's economy and technology at that time as well as the corruption of its political system, and controlled China's communication business by taking advantage of it in terms of technology, equipment, maintenance, management, and so on.
Before 1949, the development of China's telecommunication system was slow, and by 1949, the penetration rate of telephones in China was only 0.05%, with only 260,000 telephone subscribers.
After 1949, the Central People's Government (CPG) rapidly restored and developed communications, and the Beijing Telegraph Tower, built in 1958, became an important milestone in the history of communications development in the new China. In the decade of "Cultural Revolution", post and telecommunications again suffered a blow, has been losing money, business development stagnation. By 1978, the national telephone penetration rate was only 0.38%, which was less than 1/10 of the world level, and the total number of telephones in China, which accounted for 1/5 of the world's population, was less than 1% of the world's total number of telephones, and there was less than one telephone for every 200 people, which was 75 years behind the United States! The proportion of switchboard automation is low, most of the counties and rural areas are still using "shaking the handle", long-distance transmission mainly relies on open wires and analog microwave, even in Beijing every day 20% of long-distance phone calls can not be reached, 15% of them can not be connected until one hour later. The people who call at the Telegraph Building have to bring their lunch and wait in line.
In 1978, China's telephone capacity was 3.59 million doors, with 2.14 million subscribers and a penetration rate of 0.38%.
After the reform and opening up, the backward communication network has become a bottleneck for economic development. Since the mid-1980s, the Chinese government has accelerated the construction of basic telecommunication facilities, and by March 2003, the number of fixed-line telephone users had reached 225,626,000, and the number of mobile telephone users had reached 22,491,000 households.
Throughout history and at home, how many people have tried to transmit information faster and better, and in the more than a hundred years of telecommunication development, people have tried a variety of ways of communication: the initial telegraph used a similar "digital" expression to transmit information; then analog signals to transmit the information of the telephone appeared; with the technological progress, the digital way with its obvious advantages, the digital way to transmit information. With the progress of technology, the digital way with its obvious superiority has been valued again, digital program-controlled switchboard, digital cell phone, fiber optic digital transmission ...... the wheel of history is still moving forward.
[Edit Paragraph]History of the development of the telephone for 100 years
Since the invention of the telephone, from the working principle to the shape and design of the phone have not changed much, the following please follow us to go on a walk on the road of this 100 years of development of the telephone. Some of these phones are in the collections of antique phone collectors around the world.
The principle of visual communication was first proposed by Robert Hooke, a famous British physicist and chemist, in a speech at the Royal Society in 1684. He suggested that when communicating, one letter of the text to be transmitted and coded symbols representing a wide variety of meanings be hung on a wooden frame high above the other party to be seen and received down. But this suggestion was never able to be realized.
On February 17, 1753, the idea of communication by means of electric current was first proposed in a magazine called The Scotsman, in an article signed by C.M..
In 1790, the brilliant French engineer Lauder Chapet and his brothers succeeded in developing a practical system of communication based on the principle of visual communication proposed by Hooker, which was capable of sending messages all over France.
In 1793, the two French Chapet brothers set up a 230-kilometer-long bracketed line for transmitting messages by relay between Paris and Lille. It was a communication system consisting of 16 signal towers. The signals were operated by signalmen underneath by means of ropes and pulleys, which manipulated the different angles of the brackets to indicate the relevant message.
On August 15, 1794, a form of visual communication called "telepresence" was used for the first time between Lille and Paris, France.
In 1796, the Englishman Hughes proposed a way of relaying voice over a microphone and named it Telephone, a name that has stuck.
In 1832, the Russian diplomat Schilling made a telegraph that deflected the needle of a galvanometer to receive messages.
In 1835, the American Morse invented the telegraph, which used the principles of electromagnetism for telegraph transmission.
In June 1837, the first patent for the invention of the telegraph was granted to the Englishman Cook, who made the telegraph first used on the railroads.
From 1837 to 1838, Morse invented the Morse code, which was a code for numbers and letters that "turned on" and "turned off" the electric current.
In 1843, Morse built the telegraph line from Washington, D.C. to Baltimore, which was 64.4 kilometers long.
On May 24, 1844, Morse sent the first telegram in the history of mankind from the Capitol to Baltimore: "What wonders God has wrought!" .
On August 28, 1850, the first sea cable was built by John and Jacob? Brett, two brothers, was laid in the open sea between Cape Gris Nez in France and Cape Lisellan in England, but it was interrupted after only a few telegrams were sent. It turned out that a fisherman had hooked a section of the cable with his trawl and cut off a section, happily boasting to others about this rare specimen of "seaweed", which, he marveled, was filled with gold.
March 10, 1876, the British Scotsman Bell invented the telephone, "Mr. Watson, come and help me" became the first human voice transmitted by telephone. At the time, Bell splashed acid from the microphone on his leg.
In 1878, the handheld telephone: This telephone was manufactured by Werner Siemens in Germany in 1878. It had a single handset and microphone, which were used alternately for listening and speaking.
1879, box telephone: this telephone is equipped with a magnetic generator made of mahogany by the Viaduct Manufacturing Company and also has a column handset.
In 1879, a telegraph line was established between Tianjin and the Beitang Battery in Dagu.
In 1880, the Bell Telephone: this was the first telephone to be used in Europe. It replaced the telegraph and was more advanced than the magnetic-engine telephone equipped with a handle.
1881, 1882, magneto-generator wall telephone: the telephone on the left is known as the American Bell type, made in 1881 and used by the International Bell Telephone Company in Copenhagen. made by L.M. Ericsson. This telephone was prevalent at the end of the last century.
On February 21, 1882, the Danco Great Northern Telegraph Company established a telephone exchange on the Bund in Shanghai.
In 1885, the "Eiffel Tower" magnetic generator telephone: This telephone was manufactured by L. M. Ericsson in 1885. At the time it was the first telephone to be placed on a desktop. The microphone was on a swivel arm and a crank was used to connect to a switchboard.
1885, 1902, Magnetic Generator Wall Phone: Manufactured by Ferdinand E. Stensen in Copenhagen in 1885, this was the first telephone made by a Dane. This one was made at the Emil Mdlers Telephone Company in Horsham.
1885, Wooden bracket table telephone: manufacturer and place of origin unknown.
1892, Motorized Folding Cabinet Desk Telephone: this telephone was mostly used in homes, hotels and telephone booths.
1892, the "Eiffel Tower" telephone with handset: a true classic, manufactured by L. M. Ericsson in 1892. The phone spread around the world, with nearly a million units produced.
1893, the "Coffee Pot" telephone: With only a few samples available in Denmark, this telephone is one of the most attractive and collectible for collectors.
In 1895, the Russian Popov and the Italian Marconi invented the wireless telegraph.
On May 18, 1897, Marconi conducted a successful radio communication across the Bristol Channel.
In 1899, the digital-mechanical wall telephone: this digital-mechanical telephone was available in both wall and table versions.
1900, Upright Table Telephone: This round-bellied table telephone is nickel-plated bronze. It has a sturdy piece of Bakelite under the hanging rod. It also has a peripheral handset that you can show off.
1900, Upright Tapered Desk Phone: This phone was nicknamed the "Oil Kettle" all because of its shape.
1900, 20-line split telephone: This is what is known as a 20-line split telephone. It could only be used for intercom calls and was manufactured by L. M. Ericsson in Sweden.
1900, China's first city phone was launched in Nanjing; Shanghai and Nanjing Telegraph Office opened city phones with only 16 phones at that time.
1901, Magnetic Generator Desk Phone: This model was made in Copenhagen in 1901 by Ferdinand E. Stensens Telefonfabrik. Note its handset, hanging separately on a hook. Probably because of the poor quality of telephone access at the time, it was sometimes necessary to listen in both ears.
In 1901, Marconi realized radio communication across the Atlantic.
In 1902, the Kellogg corner desktop telephone: This corner desktop telephone was used mostly in homes, offices, and phone booths. It was manufactured by the American Hardwood Telephone Company. It was bought from a farmer in a small town in California.
1902, Public Battery Wall Phone: this phone does not need to turn the handle, pick up the microphone and talk directly to the operator. It was purchased from a curio store in San Francisco.
In 1903, the wireless telephone was successfully tested.
In 1904, the "Spider" civil band telephone: L. M. Ericsson's first civil band telephone.
1904, Magnetic Generator*** Line Telephone: This telephone was manufactured by L. M. Ericssom in 1904. This telephone can be used by four users*** on a single telephone line.
Between 1904 and 1905, Russian radio stations were set up from Yantai to Niuzhuang in China.
1905, Tree desk phone in Chicago: This desk phone was called the "Big Belly", after the bulge in the middle of the handle.
1905, Porch Walkie-Talkie: This is a 32-door porch walkie-talkie from the Connecticut Telecommunications Company.
1905, 11-digit dialing desk phone: it used 11-digit dialing.
On November 8, 1907, French inventor Edouard Belin performed his development, the photo facsimile, at the French Photographic Society building.
1907, the "German model" of the radio-band telephone: Manufactured in Germany in 1907 by E. Zwuetysch&Co, this telephone solved to a certain extent the problem of long waiting times for calls.
1907, the magnetic generator telephone: this telephone was manufactured by L.M. Ericsson in 1907. It is worth noting: when answering a call, the handset is suspended on a detached hook. This was a uniform standard among telephone manufacturers at the time.
In 1908, the CH-08 amplified telephone: introduced by KTAS.
1910, Interconnect Phone: This was an upright desktop interconnect phone manufactured by S.H. Couch for interoffice communications.
1912, Office Arranger: This telephone had 17 simultaneous extensions through the mainframe, each of which could make outgoing calls, and the extensions could be connected to each other.
1912, CH-08 Wall Phone: Produced in 1912 in Copenhagen by the Danes, this phone automatically sends and receives telegrams.
1912, Magnetic Generator Telephone: Manufactured in L.M. Ericsson, this telegraphic facsimile telephone was often used in remote areas or on small islands.
1914, Magnavox Noise Resistant Desk Telephone: This telephone was uniquely designed so that when speaking into the microphone, the sound passes through a small hole in the top of the microphone causing a vibrating plate in the telephone to vibrate. Noise is muffled as it enters the microphone. Its dual rotating handset helps to block unwanted noise.
In 1914, the Magnavox Noise Resistant Desk Telephone Model B1: also featured noise cancellation.
1914, Magnavox telephone: manufactured at HORWENS in 1914, it could be used for telegraphic faxing.
1915, Veau desk phone: information not available.
1915, Home Made Wall Phone: this phone was found on an abandoned farm in East Oregon. Nearly 20 abandoned farms in the area left signs of a hung telephone on their walls.
In 1919, Palm and Beland invented the "vertical and horizontal wiring system". Ten years later, in 1929, the world's first large-scale transverse telephone exchange was built in Sundsvall, Sweden.
In July 1920, China Post started the postal telegraph service.
In 1920, the magneto-generator wall telephone: this telephone was manufactured in 1904 and updated in 1920 with a rotating red button that switches between answering and listening.
1927, D-08 semi-automatic telephone: the first dial telephone, which was to replace the exchange's manual call system. The dialing unit was installed in 1927 and it was actually used in 1978.
1927 AC-powered ringing telephone: manufactured by Kristian Kirks Telefonfabrikker in Horsens, Denmark, it was still in use in the 1970s.
1929, automatic wall telephone: information not available.
In 1929, the world's first large vertical and horizontal telephone exchange was built in Sundsvall, Sweden.
1930, D-30 semi-automatic gold-plated telephone: This telephone was completed by a Danish company in 1930, and was unusual in that it was gold-plated, whereas most telephones at the time were painted black, and had a dialing mechanism.
1930, FL-30 automatic telephone: Made in Denmark in the 1930s, it had alphabetic dialing. The same type of phone was used for about 48 years.
1935, Automatic telephone: this telephone was used to communicate with telecommunication exchanges in remote areas, and its design was influenced by the American telephone industry in the 1930s.
In 1937, the Englishman Reeves proposed a method of transmitting voice messages using all combinations of pulses (pulse code modulation).
In 1943, the CB-43 telephone; manufactured in Denmark by Kristian Kirks Telefonfabrikker, it was designed with two internal ringing tones to distinguish between incoming and outgoing calls.
In October 1945, the British A?C? Clark proposed the idea of geostationary satellite communications.
In 1946, Eckert and Mochrie built the world's first electronic computer.
In 1947, Bell Labs proposed the concept of cellular communications, dividing the mobile phone service area into a number of cells, and setting up a base station in each cell to form a cellular mobile communications system.
In December 1950, the Northeast China Long Distance Open Line International Trunk Project was completed, and the wired carrier circuit from Beijing to Moscow was opened.
In 1951, the F-51 automatic dialing telephone; this telephone was built by Kristian Kirks Telefonfabrikker after World War II.
1952, F-52 autodialing telephone: manufactured in 1952, it was made of ivory and a plastic material that appeared somewhat later, unlike the black Bakelite material of yesteryear.
In July 1954, the U.S. Navy experimented with the transmission of two-place telephone calls on Earth using the reflection of radio waves from the surface of the Moon. And in 1956, communications operations were established between Washington and Hawaii.
In 1956, the laying of a telephone cable under the Atlantic Ocean between the United Kingdom and Canada was completed, making long-distance intercontinental telephone communications a reality.
In 1956, the "Ericofon" auto-dialing telephone, designed and manufactured by L.M. Ericsson of Sweden, was named Ericofon, and was made of a new material that was much lighter than the handset of a conventional telephone.
On October 4, 1957, the Soviet Union successfully launched the first artificial satellite, Satellite 1, in the United States.
In August 1958, the first domestic 12-carrier telephone equipment was successfully developed at the Shanghai Post and Telecommunications Equipment Factory.
In January 1960, China's first 1,000-digit vertical and horizontal automatic telephone exchange was put into operation in Shanghai Wusong Telephone Bureau.
In 1960, American physicist Meyman made a laser 10 million times stronger than sunlight by shining a powerful ordinary light on an artificial gemstone.
In 1962, the U.S. successfully researched pulse code modulation equipment for multiplexed communications for telephones.
In 1965, the first computer-controlled programmable telephone exchange was introduced in the United States, marking the beginning of a new era of telephony.
In 1966, Charles Kao, a British-Chinese, proposed the idea of long-distance laser communication using glass fibers.
In 1968, the F-68 automatic dialing telephone: the most common telephone of the 1970s, this telephone was originally designed in the 1960s and was widely manufactured in Denmark.
In 1969, the Beijing Long Distance Telecommunications Bureau installed China's first fully automatic long distance telephone.
In 1969, the U.S. Department of Defense's Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) put forward a plan to develop the ARPA network, which was completed and put into operation in 1969, marking a new era in the development of computer communications.
In 1970, the world's first program-controlled digital switchboard was opened in Paris, France, marking the full practicality of digital telephony and the arrival of a new era of digital communications.
In 1970, the F-68 Pushbutton Dialer: the first pushbutton phone used in Denmark, which used digital buttons instead of the original dialing method.
In 1972, the Consultative Committee for International Telegraph and Telephone (CCITT) first proposed the concept of Integrated Services Digital Network - ISDN.
In 1974, the construction of the China-Japan submarine cable began, which was the first international submarine cable that China participated in building.
In 1975, China's self-developed and designed vertical and horizontal automatic telephone exchange equipment passed the national appraisal and began mass production.
In 1976, the 76E/DK80 push-button dial telephone: originally manufactured by Jutland Telephone in 1972.
In March 1976, the first high-capacity transmission system developed by China itself, the 1800-way medium coaxial cable carrier system was put into operation in Beijing, Shanghai and Hangzhou, with a total length of 1700 kilometers.
In 1978, China's telephone capacity was 3.59 million doors, with 2.14 million subscribers and a penetration rate of 0.43%.
In 1979, F-79 button dialing billing telephone: this telephone is between ordinary telephone and public telephone, it is mainly used in service places, hotels and other similar places, which can be burglar call function.
1980, DA-80 push-button dialing telephone: the design of this telephone marked the real entry of electronics theory into the telephone industry.
In 1982, GSM was established in Europe with the task of developing a pan-European standard for mobile roaming.
In 1982, the Portable Telegraph Phone: Made by Ericsson Wireless Systems, this phone was only available in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden at the time, and it broke new ground for the GSM mobile phone system.
In 1982, China's first coin-operated public telephones appeared in the busy streets of Beijing's East and West Chang'an Streets, with 22 coin-operated kiosks.
In December 1982, China's first 10,000-door program-controlled municipal telephone exchange system imported from Japan was put into operation in Fuzhou Telecommunication Bureau, and China's first imported program-controlled telephone bureau was built.
In 1983, AMPS cellular system was opened in Chicago, USA.
1983, DanMark 2 Pushbutton Phone: The DanMark 2, manufactured in 1983, was the embodiment of state-of-the-art technology in the 1980s. It had many features such as phone number memorization, redial function, monitor function, and 24 ringtones.