Generally refers to foreign futures markets. On-site trading refers to on-site outcry trading during normal trading hours. It is also a trading time with relatively large trading volume and active trading. OTC trading is an electronic transaction opened by the exchange for the Far East after the market closes. Generally, the trading volume is relatively small.
1. Short-term, mid-term and long-term:
Short-term: The market is used to describe the time scale within 15 trading days. The usual short-term process is completed in about 10 trading days; mid-term : The market is used to describe the time scale of 20 to 60 trading days; long-term: The market is used to describe the time scale of more than 200 trading days.
2. Lagging effect:
Lagging effect: Since technical analysis generally emphasizes trends, forming a judgment on the trend requires the graph to first show preliminary directional characteristics, which makes technical The turning signal on the market usually lags behind the top or bottom of the market.
3. Oversold:
A market state defined by Sirius theory. Its literal meaning is unreasonable excessive decline. The underlying meaning is that the oversold state does not meet the conditions for a downward trend. , the market will rebound or reverse soon,
4. Reversal:
Reversal: a change in trend in the midline sense. The transformation from a midline downward trend to a midline upward trend, or from an upward trend to a downward trend, all belong to the category of reversal. The opposite concept is rebound. The latter is a short-term trend change, but it will eventually run the original mid-line trend.
5. Funds at the bottom of the treasury:
Funds at the bottom of the treasury: or the bottom of the fund treasury, is the minimum limit of market funds in a certain long-term stage. Usually when funds reach this value, it will be difficult to continue to lose money.
6. What are the existing types of stocks in my country?
According to the different nature of investment entities, our country divides stocks into different types such as state stocks, legal person stocks, public stocks and foreign investment stocks. At present, state-owned shares and legal person shares cannot be listed and traded. Only public shares and B-shares (domestic-listed foreign-invested shares) can be listed and traded in my country. The B-share market has been open to individual domestic residents since February 2001.
7. What are national stocks?
State shares refer to the shares formed by the investment of state-owned assets into the company by departments or institutions with the right to invest on behalf of the state, including shares converted from the company's existing state-owned assets. In the joint-stock reform of our country's enterprises, some enterprises owned by the whole people were reorganized into joint-stock companies, and the assets of these enterprises were converted into state shares during the reorganization. In addition, the state's investment in newly established joint-stock companies also constitutes state shares. State shares are held by departments or institutions authorized by the State Council, or by departments or institutions authorized by local people's governments in accordance with decisions of the State Council. National shares cannot currently be listed and traded.
8． What are legal person shares
Legal person shares refer to the shares formed by corporate legal persons or institutions and social groups with legal person qualifications investing their legally disposable assets into the company. The legal person's shareholding forms an ownership relationship and is an investment behavior for the legal person to manage its own property. Legal person shares are registered in the name of the legal person.
When subscribing for shares, corporate legal persons or public institutions and social groups with legal personality as promoters can contribute cash or other forms of assets, such as physical objects, industrial property rights, and non-patent shares. Technology, land use rights, etc. are priced and invested. However, other forms of assets must be appraised and valued, and the property must be verified and must not be overvalued or undervalued.
Legal person shares cannot currently be listed and traded.
9. What are public shares
Public shares refer to shares that are formed when the public invests their property in the company in accordance with the law and can be traded on the market. Under the social fundraising method, in addition to a part of the shares issued by a joint-stock company being subscribed by the promoters, the rest should be publicly issued to the public. my country's "Company Law" stipulates that the shares issued to the public by a privately raised company shall not be less than 25% of the total number of shares of the company.
If the company's total share capital exceeds RMB 400 million, the proportion of shares issued to the public should be above 15.
Public shares can be listed and traded.
10. Blue chip stocks
In the stock market, investors refer to the stocks of large companies that occupy an important dominant position in their industry, have excellent performance, active transactions, and generous dividends. Blue chip stocks. The term "blue chip" comes from Western casinos. In Western casinos, there are two colors of chips. Blue chips are the most valuable, red chips are second, and white chips are the worst. This term comes from investors who apply this jargon to stocks. Blue chip stocks have the ability to earn profits in both good and bad industry times with less risk, but blue chip stocks generally command higher prices.
11. What are company employee shares
Company employee shares are the shares subscribed by the company’s employees at the issuance price when the company publicly issues shares to the public. According to the "Interim Regulations on the Administration of Stock Issuance and Transactions", the amount of the company's employee shares shall not exceed 10% of the total share capital to be issued to the public. The company's employee shares can be listed and circulated 6 months after the company's shares are listed. On November 25, 1998, the China Securities Regulatory Commission issued the "Notice on Stopping the Issuance of Employee Shares."
12. What are internal employee shares?
Internal employee shares and company employee shares are two completely different concepts. In the early days of my country's joint-stock system pilot, a number of joint-stock companies appeared that did not issue stocks to the public and only raised shares from legal persons and internal employees of the company. They were called targeted raising companies, and internal employees issued shares to companies held by investors. The shares are called internal employee shares. In 1993, the State Council officially issued a document clearly stipulating the suspension of the approval and issuance of internal employee shares.
13. What is the stock market, what are the primary market and the secondary market?
The stock market is a place for stock issuance and trading. According to the functional division of the market, the stock market can be divided into an issuance market and a circulation market.
The issuance market is a market for financing activities through the issuance of stocks. Since issuance activities are the source and starting point of all activities in the stock market, the issuance market is also called the "primary market."
The circulation market is the market for buying, selling and transferring issued stocks, also known as the "secondary market" or "secondary market". Unlike one-time actions in the issuance market, stocks can be traded continuously in the circulation market.
14. What are the on-exchange trading market and the over-the-counter trading market?
According to the organizational form of the market, the stock market can be divided into the on-exchange trading market and the over-the-counter trading market.
The stock exchange market is a place for centralized trading of stocks, that is, a stock exchange. In some countries, the initial stock exchanges emerged spontaneously, while in others they were registered or established in accordance with relevant national regulations or with approval. In many countries, exchanges are the only legal place for stock trading.
The stock OTC market is a stock trading market conducted over the counters of various securities trading institutions other than the stock exchange, so it is also called the over-the-counter trading market.
15. What exchanges are there in my country currently?
Currently, there are two stock exchanges in my country, namely the Shanghai Stock Exchange and the Shenzhen Stock Exchange.
The Shanghai Stock Exchange is my country's largest securities trading center. It was established on November 26, 1990, with a registered capital of RMB 10 million. Shenzhen Stock Exchange is my country's second stock exchange. It was established in 1989 and officially opened for business in July 1991 with the approval of the People's Bank of China.
Both exchanges are formed in accordance with the internationally accepted membership system and are non-profit institutions.
16. What is the business scope of a stock exchange?
The business scope includes: 1. Organizing and managing listed securities; 2. Providing a place for centralized securities trading; 3. Handling listed securities. Clearing and delivery; 4. Provide listed securities market information; 5. Handle other businesses permitted or entrusted by the People's Bank of China.
17. What is a stock index?
The stock index is the stock price index. It is a reference indicator number compiled by a stock exchange or financial services institution to indicate changes in the stock market.
This stock index is the price average that shows the changes in the stock market. The compilation of stock index is usually based on a certain month of a certain year. The stock price of this base period is taken as 100. The stock price of each subsequent period is compared with the price of the base period to calculate the percentage of increase or decrease, which is the stock index of that period.
18. Stock trading rules?
Investors can make trading entrustments at the business department of a securities firm, and the staff of the business department will report the entrustment instructions to the trading hall of the stock exchange by phone. Traders inside the exchange (commonly known as "red vests") enter buying and selling orders into the exchange's computer host. Investors can also directly input entrustment instructions on the self-service entrustment computer terminal of the sales department, and transmit the instructions to the stock exchange computer host through the air satellite transmission network and the ground optical fiber data transmission network. After receiving the buying and selling order, the computer host automatically completes the transaction according to the principle of "price priority, time priority".
Trading in the stock exchange market takes place from Monday to Friday, from 9:30 to 11:30 in the morning and from 1 to 3:00 in the afternoon.
19. What are the opening price and closing price?
According to the general meaning, the opening price and closing price are the first and last buying and selling prices of securities on the trading day respectively.
According to my country's current trading rules, the opening price of securities trading on the stock exchange is the first transaction price of the security on that day. The opening price of securities is generated through collective bidding. If the opening price cannot be generated, it is generated through continuous bidding. After the opening price is generated according to the call auction, the unfilled purchase and sale orders are still valid, and the original order of orders will automatically enter the continuous auction.
The closing price of securities trading on the stock exchange is the volume-weighted average price of all transactions (including the last transaction) 1 minute before the last transaction of the security on the day. If there is no transaction on the day, the previous closing price shall be the closing price of the day.
20. What are listing, delisting, suspension and resumption of trading
The stock exchange implements listing and trading of listed securities. The previous closing price shown in the securities market on the first day of listing is the issue price. If the listing period of a security expires or it no longer meets the listing conditions according to law, the stock exchange shall terminate its listing and trading and delist it. For securities that have reached the price limit for more than 3 consecutive days (including 3 days), the exchange will suspend trading (suspend trading) for half of the securities and make an announcement. In addition, in accordance with the provisions of the China Securities Regulatory Commission and the business rules of stock exchanges, the exchange may suspend or resume trading (resumption of trading) of other listed securities. When a security is suspended from trading, the market price released by the stock exchange includes information about the security; after the security is delisted, the market price information does not contain information about the security.
The stock exchange must announce the listing, delisting, suspension and resumption of trading of securities. In addition, according to relevant regulations, starting from April 1, 2002, the routine suspension time for listed companies to disclose regular reports and temporary announcements will be changed from the original half-day suspension in the morning of the trading day to a one-hour suspension after the market opens on the trading day. Trading will be suspended for 1 hour from the opening of the market in the morning, and trading will resume at 10:30
21. What are ex-rights and ex-dividends
If listed securities undergo public distribution of equity, transfer of reserve funds to share capital, rights issue, etc. In order to solve the problem, it is necessary to carry out ex-rights and ex-dividends. my country's stock exchanges will perform ex-rights and ex-dividend treatment on the securities on the trading day following the equity (debt) registration date (the last trading day for B shares). The previous closing price of the security on the ex-rights (dividend) day is changed to the ex-rights (dividend) price on the ex-rights (dividend) day.
The formula for calculating the ex-rights (dividend) price is:
Ex-rights (dividend) quotation = [(previous closing price - cash dividend) allotment (new) share price
×change ratio of circulating shares ] ÷ (1 change ratio of circulating shares)
For securities trading on the ex-rights (dividend) day, unless otherwise specified by the stock exchange, the ex-rights (dividend) price will be used as the basis for calculating the increase or decrease.
22. Price of stock issuance
When a stock issuance company plans to issue stocks, it needs to determine an issuance price to promote the stock according to different situations. Generally speaking, stock issuance prices include the following: par value issuance, current price issuance, mid-price issuance, discount issuance, etc. Par value issuance
That is, the par value of the stock is the issuance price. Current price issuance
The issuance price is determined based not on the par value but on the stock price (current price) in the circulating market. Mid-price issuance
That is, the issuance price of the stock is the middle value between the par value and the market price. Discounted issuance
That is, the issuance price is less than the face value, which is a discount.
23. What is a rights issue?
A rights issue is an act by a listed company to further issue new shares to original shareholders and raise funds in accordance with the needs of the company's development and in accordance with relevant regulations and corresponding procedures. According to common practice, when a company allocates new shares, the subscription rights for new shares are distributed among the original shareholders in accordance with the original equity ratio, that is, the original shareholders have the preemptive right to subscribe.
24. What are allotment shares?
Allotment shares are a unique product of my country’s stock market. The holders of state shares and legal person shares give up the allotment rights and transfer the allotment rights to other legal persons or the public for a fee. The new shares subscribed by these legal persons or the public when they exercise the corresponding allotment rights are transferred allotment shares. The transferred shares are currently not listed for circulation.
Although allotment of shares can solve the problem of the inability of state shareholders and legal person shareholders to allot shares, it will cause the proportion of state shares and legal person shares in the total share capital to gradually decrease, and in the long run, the controlling rights will be lost. At the same time, the allotment of shares has produced public shares that are currently not tradable, which has affected investors' enthusiasm for subscription and brought chaos to the ownership structure.
In order to overcome the limitations of rights issue, more and more state shareholders and legal person shareholders of listed companies have participated in the rights issue with cash or assets converted into cash, which has greatly improved the company's strength and guaranteed equity. Not being diluted has also inspired the public's investment confidence in listed companies.
25. What do “N, "N" to alert investors. All stocks with "N" in front of their stock names are new stocks listed on that day.
“XD” is the abbreviation of “exit dividend”, which means ex-dividend;
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"DR" is the abbreviation of "exit dividend and right", which means ex-dividend and ex-right.
26. What is a bull market? What is a bear market? What are its market characteristics?
The so-called "bull market", also known as the bull market, refers to a generally bullish market that lasts for a long time. The so-called "bear market", also known as a short market, refers to a generally bearish market. A relatively long-lasting plunge.
Generally speaking, the bear market lasts shorter than the bull market, accounting for only about one-third to one-half of the bull market. However, the specific time of each bear market is different, and there will be big differences due to differences in market and economic environments.
Looking back at the period from 1993 to 1997, my country's Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges experienced substantial changes in stock prices, which was a complete cyclical process from bull to bear, and then from bear to bull.
27. What is turnover rate?
"Turnover rate", also known as "turnover rate", refers to the frequency with which stocks change hands in the market within a certain period of time. It is one of the indicators that reflects the liquidity of stocks.
The calculation formula is: turnover rate (turnover rate) = (trading volume within a certain period of time / total number of shares issued) *100
28. What are ST shares?
ST stocks refer to the special treatment carried out by the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges on stock transactions of listed companies with abnormal financial or other conditions. Since the English word for "special treatment" is Special treatment (the abbreviation is "ST" ), so these stocks are referred to as ST stocks. Abnormalities in the above-mentioned financial conditions or other conditions mainly refer to two situations. First, the audited net profits of the listed company are negative for two consecutive fiscal years; second, the audited net assets per share of the listed company in the most recent fiscal year are low. to the par value of the stock.
29. What are PT shares?
PT shares are a type of stock based on special transfer services that provide circulation channels for stocks that have been suspended from listing and circulation (PT is the abbreviation of ParticularTransfer in English). This is in accordance with the "Company Law" and According to the relevant provisions of the Securities Law, if a listed company has suffered losses for three consecutive years, its stocks will be suspended from listing. Starting from July 9, 1999, the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges have implemented “special transfer services” for such stocks that have been suspended from listing.
30. The concept of securities depository
Securities depository refers to the clearing company and its agents as legal securities registration institutions that accept the entrustment of investors and provide them with registered securities. It is a system that provides services such as transaction transfer, non-transaction transfer and other securities registration changes, stock dividends and dividends, and securities account inquiry and loss report, so that the rights and interests of securities owners and securities changes can be finalized. Securities depository is a form of property custody system.
31. Price-to-earnings ratio
The price-to-earnings ratio is the ratio of a stock’s market price per share to its earnings per share. (P/E ratio = market price per share of common stock ÷ annual earnings per share of common stock) The numerator in the above formula is the current market price per share, and the denominator can be the profit in the most recent year or the forecast profit in the next year or several years.
32. What does restoration of rights mean?
After the stock goes ex-rights and ex-dividend, the stock price changes, but the actual cost does not change. For example: a stock that originally cost 20 yuan will be worth 10 yuan after ten are given out, but it is actually still equivalent to 20 yuan. This price seems low from the K-line chart, but it is probably a historical high. Therefore, if the rights and interests are not corrected (rights restored), it is likely to affect your correct judgment.
33. What is stock bonus?
Bonus stock means that a listed company distributes profits (or capital increase) to investors in the form of bonus shares to increase the shares held by investors. Increase investment income. Investors do not need to go through any formalities, and the bonus shares will be automatically transferred to the investor's account.
34. What are stock dividends?
Dividends refer to the distribution of dividends in cash by listed companies. This method of distribution requires the payment of income tax. When distribution is made, the dividend income can automatically enter the shareholder's account, and investors do not need to go through any procedures.
35. What is K-line (Yin-Yang line)?
The K-line represents the stock price changes within a certain period of time through a simple and unified graphic. If the selected unit price is a day, it is called a daily line. If it is a week, it is called a weekly line. If it is a month, it is called a monthly line. If it is 5 minutes, it is called a 5-minute line or a time-sharing chart. etc. The K-line mainly includes four parts, namely the opening price, the highest price, the lowest price and the closing price.
K lines are mainly divided into two categories, namely Yang lines and Yin lines. When the closing price of the day is greater than the opening price of the day, we call it a Yang line. When the closing price of the day is less than the opening price of the day, we call it a Yang line. It is the negative line. The K-line is a graphic representation of the stock price changes in various stages of the stock market through its yin and yang interlaced K-line changes.
36. What is basic analysis?
Basic analysis, also known as fundamental analysis, refers to securities investment analysts based on the basic principles of economics, finance, financial management and investment, and analyzing the basic factors that determine the value and price of securities investment, such as macroeconomic analysis. An analysis method that uses economic indicators, economic policy trends, industry development status, product market conditions, company sales and financial status, evaluates the investment value of securities, determines the reasonable price of securities, and then puts forward corresponding investment suggestions. The theoretical basis of basic analysis is based on the following premise, that is, the "real" (or "intrinsic") value of any financial asset is equal to the present value of all expected return flows to the owner of this asset.
37. What is technical analysis?
Technical analysis is a method of analyzing the future change trend of security prices only from the market behavior of securities. The market behavior of securities can have many forms of expression, among which the market price, trading volume, changes in price and volume of securities and the time it takes to complete these changes are the most basic forms of expression of market behavior. The theoretical basis of technical analysis is based on the following three assumptions: that the behavior of the market contains all information; prices move along the trend; history will repeat itself. Technical analysis refers to the direct analysis of market behavior in the securities market. Its characteristic is to apply mathematical and logical methods to the past and present behavior of the market to explore some typical laws and predict the future change trend of the securities market accordingly.
38. Shares
Shares are the form of capital of a joint stock company. The meaning of shares has three levels: first, shares are a component of the capital of a joint stock company; second, shares represent the rights and obligations of shareholders of a joint stock company; third, shares can express their value in the form of stock prices.
39. Par value and book value of stocks
The par value of stocks is also called par value, which is the amount stated on the face of the stock.
The book value of a stock, also known as the net value of the stock or net assets per share, is the value of the actual assets represented by each share of stock. Book value per share is calculated by dividing a company's net assets by the number of shares of common stock outstanding.
40. Stock liquidation value and intrinsic value
Stock liquidation value refers to the actual value represented by each share when the company is liquidated. In theory, the liquidation value of a stock should be consistent with the book value, but in practice the actual liquidation value of most companies is always less than the book value.
The intrinsic value of a stock is the theoretical value, that is, the present value of the stock's future earnings, which depends on expected dividend income and market yield.
41. Theoretical price of stocks
The stock price is also called the stock market, which refers to the price at which stocks are bought and sold in the securities market. It is divided into two types: theoretical price and market price. The theoretical price of a stock is the price of the stock in theory, and the stock price should be determined by its value, but the stock itself has no value. It has a price because it represents the value of earnings, so the price of the stock is an estimate of future earnings. The assessment is the present value of future income calculated at a certain market interest rate (the present value of the stock).
42. The market price of stocks
The stock price, also called the stock market, refers to the price at which stocks are bought and sold on the securities market. It is divided into two types: theoretical price and market price. The market price of a stock generally refers to the price at which the stock is bought and sold in the secondary market. It is equal to the stock's expected return divided by the market interest rate.
43. Preemptive stock options
Preemptive stock options refer to the rights that original ordinary shareholders enjoy based on their shareholdings when a joint-stock company decides to issue new shares in order to increase the company’s capital. Proportional, the right to preemptively subscribe for a certain number of newly issued shares at a specific price lower than the market price.
Preemptive stock options, also known as stock pre-emption rights, are a privilege for ordinary shareholders. In our country, it is also commonly called allotment warrants. It means that when a joint-stock company needs to raise funds and issue new shares to existing shareholders, shareholders can purchase a certain number of newly issued shares at a lower price based on their original shareholding ratio. The purpose of the company in doing this is: first, not to change the control rights and various rights enjoyed by the old shareholders over the company; second, to provide shareholders with certain risk compensation because the issuance of new shares will lead to the dilution of net profit per share in the short term; third, to increase the number of new issuances. The attractiveness of a stock to shareholders.
44. Stock investment income
Stock investment income refers to the investor’s income during the entire holding period from the purchase of the stock to the sale of the stock. It consists of dividends, capital gains and capital appreciation income. Among them, dividends can be expressed in various forms such as cash dividends, stock dividends, property dividends, liability dividends, and construction industry dividends.
45. Dividends
Dividends refer to the profits that stock holders receive from the company based on their stocks. The source of dividends is generally the company's net profit after tax, but its specific manifestations include cash dividends, stock dividends, property dividends, liability dividends, construction industry dividends, etc. Among them, cash dividends are dividends and dividends paid in the form of currency, and are the most common and basic form of dividends.
46. Stock Dividends
Stock dividends are dividends distributed in the form of stocks. Usually, the company uses newly issued stocks or a part of treasury stocks as dividends instead of cash distribution. shareholder. Stock dividends are transfers between different items in the shareholders' equity account and have no impact on the company's total assets, liabilities, and shareholders' equity.
47. Property dividends and liability dividends
Property dividends are dividends distributed to shareholders by the company using assets other than cash. The most common ones are stocks and bonds of other companies or subsidiaries held by the company, and can also be physical objects.
Debt dividend is a company that establishes a liability and uses bonds or notes payable as dividends to distribute to shareholders.
48. Jianye Dividend
Jianye Dividend, also known as Construction Dividend, refers to a joint-stock company that operates railways, ports, hydropower, airports and other businesses. Due to its long construction period, it cannot It is possible to start a business and make a profit in the short term. In order to raise the required funds, the company can return a part of its share capital to shareholders as dividends after it is clearly stipulated in the company's articles of association and approved. Jianye's dividend is different from other dividends in that it does not come from the company's profits, but is a pre-distribution of the company's future profits. It is essentially a debt distribution and an exception to the no-profit-no-dividend principle.
49. Capital gains
Capital gains and losses refer to the income earned by investors from trading stocks in the securities market through the difference between the buying price and selling price of the stock. Called capital gains and losses. When the selling price is greater than the buying price, it is a capital gain, that is, the capital gain is positive; when the selling price is less than the buying price, it is a capital loss, that is, the capital gain is negative.
50. Capital appreciation income
The form of capital appreciation income from stock investment is bonus shares, but the funds for bonus shares do not come from the distributable profits of the year, but are withdrawn by the company. Provident fund, therefore, can also be called the conversion of provident fund into share capital. Capital appreciation income is the main investment purpose of long-term investors after selecting high-quality company stocks and holding them for a long time.
51. Dividend yield and holding period yield
Dividend yield, also known as profit rate, refers to the ratio of dividends paid in cash by a joint-stock company to the stock market price.
The holding period return refers to the ratio of the investor's income during the period of holding the stock to the bid-ask spread to the stock purchase price.
52. The holding period rate of return after the stock split
The holding period rate of return after the stock split refers to the situation when an investor encounters a stock split by a joint-stock company after buying the stock. (i.e. stock split), the adjusted holding period return. Post-split holding period return = (adjusted capital gains and losses + adjusted cash dividends) / adjusted purchase price × 100.
53. How to calculate the ex-rights and ex-dividend price
After a listed company distributes dividends, in addition to the rights to dividends and allotments, an ex-rights price or ex-dividend price will be generated on the ex-rights and ex-dividend dates. , the ex-rights or ex-dividend price is generated based on the closing price on the equity registration day, and the calculation method is as follows: The ex-dividend price is calculated as: ex-dividend price = closing price on the equity registration day - cash distributed per share. The calculation of ex-rights price is divided into ex-rights through bonus shares and ex-rights through rights issue. The calculation method for the ex-rights price of bonus shares is: the ex-rights price of bonus shares = the closing price on the equity registration date / (1 bonus share ratio); the calculation method for the ex-rights price of allotment shares is: the ex-rights price of allotment shares = (the closing price on the equity registration date, the allotment price × the allotment ratio) / (1 allotment ratio). The calculation method of ex-rights price with bonuses, dividends and rights issues is: ex-rights price = (closing price rights issue ratio × rights issue price - cash distributed per share) / (1 bonus share ratio rights issue ratio). Note: The ex-rights and ex-dividend prices are announced by the exchange on the ex-rights day.
54. Bull market
Refers to the increase in security prices during the trading day under consideration. The decline is very small, the price does not change much, and the market price seems to be pegged, as tough as cowhide. The trading volume in the cowhide market is often very small. The cowhide market is a price market performance when the power of buyers and sellers is balanced.
55. Crash
Crash means that due to some negative reasons, a large number of securities are sold in the securities market, causing the price of the securities market to fall indefinitely. It is unknown to what extent it can stop. . This phenomenon of selling securities in large amounts one after another is also known as a selling surge.
56. All the bad news
In the securities market, security prices fall due to the impact of various adverse news. This trend continues for a period of time, and when it falls to a certain extent, short-term The power of the parties begins to weaken, investors are no longer affected by these negative factors, and security prices begin to rebound and rise. This phenomenon is called the exhaustion of negative factors.
57. Volume-price divergence
The current volume-price relationship has changed from the previous volume-price relationship. Generally, volume-price divergence will create a new trend, or it may just rise. A correction in a market or a rebound in a decline.
58. Retracement
In the stock market, the stock price shows a continuous upward trend, and eventually reverses back to a certain price due to the rapid rise in the stock price. This adjustment phenomenon is called Back file. Generally speaking, the retracement range of a stock is smaller than the rise range. It usually resumes its original upward trend when it reverses back to about one-third of the previous rise.
59. Rebound
In the stock market, the stock price shows a continuous downward trend. The adjustment phenomenon in which the stock price finally reverses and rises back to a certain price due to the rapid decline in stock price is called rebound. Generally speaking, the rebound amplitude of a stock is smaller than the decline amplitude. It usually resumes its original downward trend when it rebounds to about one-third of the previous decline.
60. Consolidation (consolidation)
After the stock price rises or falls sharply and rapidly, it encounters a resistance line or a support line, and the original rising or falling trend slows down significantly. It begins to jump up and down with an amplitude of about 15% and continues for a period of time. This phenomenon is called consolidation. The occurrence of consolidation usually indicates that bulls and shorts are fighting fiercely, resulting in price jumps, which is also the prelude to the next big stock price movement.
61. Hold-up
refers to the trading risk encountered when trading stocks. For example, investors expect that the stock price will rise, but the stock price has been on a downward trend after buying. This phenomenon is called long hold. On the contrary, investors expect the stock price to fall and sell the borrowed shares short, but the stock price keeps rising. This phenomenon is called short holding.
62. Short squeeze
That is, short sellers squeeze out short sellers. Stock holders in the stock market unanimously believed that the stock would fall sharply that day, so most people rushed to sell the stock. However, the stock price did not fall significantly that day, and they could not buy the stock at a low price. Before the end of the stock market, short sellers had no choice but to compete to cover their losses, and instead the closing price rose sharply.
63. Odd lot trading
Stocks with less than one trading unit (1 lot = 100 shares), such as 1 share or 10 shares, are called odd lots. When selling stocks, you can entrust in odd lots; but when buying stocks, you cannot entrust in odd lots. The minimum unit is 1 lot, that is, 100 shares.
64. Shell listing
The so-called shell listing means that a dominant enterprise acquires the acquiree (listed company) through acquisition of debt, holding, direct investment, stock purchase and other acquisition methods. )’s ownership, operating rights and listing status. At present, mergers and acquisitions in my country are generally carried out through secondary market mergers or through the agreed transfer of state shares and legal person shares.
65. Vein Ratio
The Vein Ratio is a technical indicator that measures the strength of buying and selling orders within a period of time. Its calculation formula is: commission ratio = (commissioned number of buying lots - commissioned selling lots)/(commissioned number of buying lots + commissioned selling lots) × 100%. It can be seen from the formula that the value range of commission ratio is from -100% to +100%. If the ratio is positive, it means that the buying on the market is strong, and the larger the value, the stronger the buying. On the contrary, if the ratio is negative, it means that the market is weak. In order to reflect the real-time strength of the buying and selling orders on the market in a timely manner, the number of commissioned buying lots refers to the total number of commissioned buying orders for the three levels below immediately, and the number of commissioned sell lots refers to the total number of commissions for the three levels up immediately.