〖Personal Profile〗
Su Shi (1037 ~ 1101), the word Zizhan, and the word and Zhong, the name "Dongpo Jushi", the Northern Song Dynasty Meishan (i.e., present-day Meishan, Sichuan Province), is the Song Dynasty (Northern Song Dynasty), the famous literati, painters and calligraphers. He, his father Su Xun, and his brother Su Zhe are all famous for their literature, and are known as the "Three Su"; they are also known as the "Three Cao's" (Cao Cao, Cao Pi, and Cao Zhi) at the end of the Han Dynasty. And Su Shi, together with Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan of the Tang Dynasty, and Ouyang Xiu, Su Xun, Su Zhe, Wang Anshi and Zeng Gong of the Song Dynasty, are known as the "Eight Great Poets of the Tang and Song Dynasties". And with Huang Tingjian, Mi Fu, Cai Xiang is known as the most representative of the Song Dynasty calligraphy achievements of calligraphers, collectively known as the "Song four". Su's four disciples are: Qin Guan, Huang Tingjian, Chao Jianzhi, and Zhang Lei.
His father, Su Xun, was the "Su Laoquan" mentioned in the "Three Character Classic". The first time I saw him, I was in the middle of the night, and he was in the middle of the night, and he was in the middle of the night. Su Shi in his later years had recalled the situation of reading with his father in his early years, and felt that he was y influenced by his father. Of course, if there is no Su Xun's study, it is impossible to make Su Shi's early years to bear the good tutelage, more can not be years and crown that "learning through the history of the classics, the text of the day thousands of words", it is more likely that there will be a later literary everyone.
Jia You first year (1056), the false age of twenty-one Su Shi went to Beijing for the first time, to participate in the imperial examinations. In the following year, he took the examination of the Ministry of Rites, and won the appreciation of Ouyang Xiu, the examiner, with his article "The Essay on the Punishment and Reward of Loyalty and Thickness", and was awarded the title of high school scholar.
Jia You six years, Su Shi should be in the system of examination, that is, usually called "three years in Beijing", into the third, authorized by the Dali assessor, signing the book Fengxiang House judge. After his father died in Bianjing, he returned to his hometown. In the second year of Xining (1069), he returned to the court, and was still authorized to serve.
Su Shi is not in the capital for several years, the dynasty has undergone great changes. After the reign of Emperor Shenzong, he appointed Wang Anshi to support the change of law. Su Shi's many teachers and friends, including the original appreciation of his mentor Ouyang Xiu, due to the implementation of the new law and the new state Wang Anshi disagreed, was forced to leave the capital. The old rain in the countryside withered, Su Shi's eyes see, is no longer his twenty years old when he saw the "world of peace".
Su Shi on his way back to the capital to see the damage of the new law on the ordinary people, so he disagreed with Chancellor Wang Anshi's approach, that the new law can not be convenient to the people, so he wrote a letter of opposition. One of the results of this is that, like his friends and teachers who were forced to leave the capital, he was not allowed to be in the court. So Su Shi asked for his own exile and was transferred to Hangzhou as a general judge.
Su Shi stayed in Hangzhou for three years, and when his term expired, he was transferred to Mizhou, Xuzhou, Huzhou and other places, as governor.
This went on for about ten years, when Su Shi encountered the first disaster of his life. At that time, some people deliberately twisted his verses and made a big fuss about it. In the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), less than three months after his arrival in Huzhou, Su Shi was arrested and imprisoned for writing poems that satirized the new law and "slandered the prime minister", which is known as the "Wutai Poetry Case".
Su Shi was jailed for 103 days, and was on the verge of being beheaded. Fortunately, the Northern Song Dynasty set a national policy of not killing ministers during the reign of Emperor Zhao Kuangyin, and Su Shi was able to escape.
After he was released from prison, Su Shi was demoted to the vice minister of the Huangzhou regiment (equivalent to the modern civilian self-defense force vice captain). This position is quite low, and at this time Su Shi after this prison has become disheartened, in the public will lead his family to reclaim the wasteland, farming to help make ends meet. The alias "Dongpo Jushi" is his own name at this time.
In the seventh year of Emperor Shenzong's reign, Su Shi left Huangzhou and went to Ruzhou by imperial decree. As a result of the long and tiring journey, Su Shi's toddler died prematurely. Ruzhou is a long way, and the cost of the road has been exhausted, coupled with the pain of the loss of the son, Su Shi wrote to the court, requesting that the temporary not go to Ruzhou, the first to live in Changzhou, was approved. When he was ready to return to Changzhou, the death of Emperor Shenzong.
Tetsuzong, the high queen listening to the government, the new party forces fell, Sima Guang was re-initiated as a phase. Su Shi this year to the Ministry of Rites was called back to the court. Half a month in the court, rising housewife, three months later, rising housewife, not then rise Hanlin scholar.
As the saying goes, "Beijing officials are not good." When Su Shi saw the emerging forces desperately trying to suppress Wang Anshi group of characters and the abolition of the new law, and the so-called "Wang Party" is just a raccoon, once again to the emperor to advise.
Su Shi to this point is neither tolerated in the new party, but also can not be sympathetic to the old party, and therefore once again to seek external transfer. He took the identity of the Longtugu Pavilion Bachelor, once again to the sixteen-year absence of Hangzhou as a governor. Su Shi in Hangzhou to repair a major water conservancy construction, dredging the West Lake, with the mud dug out of the West Lake next to build a dam, which is the famous "Su Causeway".
Su Shi in Hangzhou is very comfortable, compared to the Tang Dynasty Bai Juyi. But in the sixth year of his reign, he was called back to the court. But soon again because of political disagreement, was sent out to Yingzhou. Yuan You eight years (1093), the new party again in power, he "ridiculed the previous dynasty" charges, relegated to Huizhou settlement, and then relegated to Danzhou (Dan County, Hainan Province), Changhua military settlement. When Emperor Huizong came to the throne, he was transferred to Lianzhou, Shuzhou, and Yongzhou. Yuanfu three years (1101) amnesty, reappointed Chaofeng Lang, north return, died in Changzhou, posthumous name Wenzhong. He was sixty-six years old.
〖Su Shi's Literary and Artistic Achievements〗
Su Shi's literary viewpoints and Ouyang Xiu's lineage, but more emphasis on the originality, expressiveness and artistic value of literature. His literary thought emphasizes "to be and to make", advocates nature, free from the constraints, "out of the new ideas in the law, send the wonderful reason in the bold outside". He believed that the composition should be "like flowing clouds and water, no fixed quality at the beginning, but always in the line when the line, often stop in the can not be more than. He believed that the composition should reach the artistic realm of "like running clouds and flowing water, which is not fixed at the beginning, but always performs what it should perform, and always stops at what it cannot do. Su Shi's prose writings are rich and rich, along with Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan and Ouyang Xiu. His style of writing is easy and fluent, bold and free. Shi Dehong "trekking Dongpo (Zuo linea right Yun) pool record," said: "its text lax as the quality of water, diffuse and volatile, then the wave is also naturally into the text." Su Shi and Ouyang Xiu, known as "Ou Su", is one of the "Eight Greats of the Tang and Song dynasties".
Su Shi is after Ouyang Xiu presided over the literary world of the Northern Song Dynasty leader, enjoying a great reputation among the writers at that time, a time with which he traveled or received his guidance a lot of people, Huang, Qin, Chao, Zhang, four people have been his training, awards and recommendations. Therefore, it is known as the Su Men Four Bachelor.
Su poetry is now about four thousand, its poetry content is broad, diverse styles, and the main bold and unrestrained, the power of the pen, the extreme changes, with romanticism, for the development of Song poetry opened up a new road. Xie Zhou "original poetry" said: "Su Shi's poetry, the realm of all open up the ancient and modern has not been, all things in heaven and earth, laughter and anger, all inspired by the end of the pen." Zhao Yi "ou bei poems" said: "to text for poetry, since changli start, to dongpo yi big release words, unique, into a generation of great view. ...... especially unattainable, born with a healthy pen, cool as sad pear, fast for and cut, there must reach the hidden, no difficult to show the feelings, this is why after Li, Du for a big one, and it is not as good as Li, Du also in this place."
Su Shi's words are now more than three hundred and forty, breaking through the narrow subject matter of male and female love and sadness, with a broad social content. Su Shi occupies a special position in the history of Chinese lyrics. He expanded the spirit of the Northern Song Dynasty's poetic and literary innovation movement to the field of words, eliminated the traditional style of words since the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, created a bold school of words that stood side by side with the Wanjiao school, enlarged the subject matter of the words, enriched the meaning of the words, broke through the boundaries of the poetry and Zhuangzi and the words of the charming, and made a significant contribution to the innovation and development of the words. His masterpieces include "Nian Nujiao" and "Song of Water", etc. He was the forerunner of the bold and liberal school of lyrics, and was known as "Su Xin" together with Xin Qiji. Liu Chenweng "Xin Jiaxuan word preface," said: "word to Dongpo, dumping open, such as poetry, such as the text, such as the wonders of heaven and earth."
Su Shi also excelled in running and regular script, and Huang Tingjian, Mi Fu, Cai Xiang, and known as the "Song Four Families". He had studied the Jin, Tang, the Five Dynasties masters, and gained strength from Wang Sinqi, Li Yong, Xu Hao, Yan Zhenqing, Yang Ning style, and formed his own style. He said, "I am not able to create the meaning of my book"; he also said, "I am not practicing the ancients by coming up with new ideas." Huang Tingjian said of him, "In his early years, his brushwork was exquisite, but it was not as natural as in his old age"; he also said, "After he arrived in Huangzhou, his brushwork was extremely powerful." Late in life and hold the momentum of the overseas wind and waves, coupled with learning, broad-mindedness, literacy everywhere, and a life of many ups and downs, its calligraphy style rich and tumbling, naive and vast, view its calligraphy can be imagined as a person. At that time, his brothers, sons and nephews, Yui, Mai, and Chao, and his friends Wang Dingguo and Zhao Linggui, all learned from him; and later historical figures such as Li Gang, Han Shizhong and Lu You, as well as Wu Kuan and Zhang Zhidong in the Qing Dynasty, also learned from him, which shows how influential he was. Huang Tingjian said in the "Valley Collection": "This dynasty good book, since when pushed (Su) for the first."
Su Shi in painting ink bamboo, master Wen Tong (that is, Wen and Ke), more than Wen more simple and strong, and with the momentum of the dance. Mi Fu said he "made ink bamboo, from the ground all the way up to the top. He asked why he did not divide the bamboo section by section. He said, "When the bamboo was born, why was it born section by section?" He was also good at making ancient wood and rocks, and Mi Fu said, "The branches of the dead wood are gnarled and twisted; the rocks are chapped and hard, and they are also strange and strange, as they are in his heart. All of these are visible in his paintings, which have a very strange and far-reaching vision. Its theory of painting and calligraphy are insightful, on the painting more far-reaching impact. For example, he emphasized the resemblance of God, advocated that there should be feelings outside the painting, and that the painting should have a support, opposed the resemblance of form, opposed the constraints of the program, advocated that "poetry and painting should be the same, and heavenly craftsmanship and freshness", and explicitly put forward the concept of "scholar painting", etc., which honored and defined the development of the later "literati painting". He clearly put forward the concept of "literati painting" and so on, which honored the theoretical foundation for the development of "literati painting" in the following years. The surviving calligraphic works include "Cold Food Poem of Huangzhou", "Red Cliff Fugue", "Reply to Xie Minshi's Essay" and "Offerings to Huang Qidao", and so on. Surviving paintings are the ancient wood and strange stone scrolls; and in recent years found the Xiaoxiang bamboo and stone scrolls are also his works.
Su Shi in poetry, literature, lyrics, calligraphy, painting, etc., have achieved in the talented Song Dynasty peak achievements. He was a rare literary and artistic genius in Chinese history.
Su Shi's Life Chronology
Beijing Song Renzong Tian Sheng first year--Jia You eight years (1023-1064)
1036 Su Shi was born
1054 Married to Wang Fu
1057 Successful in the examination for the first degree; mother's funeral; mourning service (1057.4-1059.6)
1059 The family went to Kyoto
1061 Appointed as the first Chinese scholar in the Song Dynasty
1061 Appointed as the first Chinese scholar in the Song Dynasty
1061 Appointed as a Chinese scholar in the Song Dynasty
1061 Judge of Fengxiang
Yingzong zhi ping yuan year - four years (1064-1068)
1064 Appointment as historian
1065 Wife's bereavement
1066 Father's bereavement; mourning service (1066.4-2068.7)
Divine Emperor Xining yuan year - Yuanfeng eight years (1068-1086)
Shenzong xi ning yuan year - Yuanfeng eight years (1068-1086)
1068 married Wang Leunzhi
1069 returned to Beijing; served in the Historical Museum
1071 served as a prosecutor; served as Hangzhou Tongjian
1074 served as a governor of Mizhou
1076 served as a governor of Xuzhou
1079 served as a governor of Huzhou; was imprisoned
1080 banished to Huangzhou
1084 Hangzhou
1085 Dengzhou; Dengzhou governor; Kyoto; Zhongshu Sheriff
Declared the reign of Empress Dowager during the Yuanyou years of Emperor Zhezong's reign (1086-1100) (1085-1093)
1086 Hanlin scholar with a Letters Patent
1089 Hangzhou governor and commander of the Western Zhejiang Military Region
1091 Minister of the Ministry of Revenue; to Kyoto; governor of Yingzhou
1092 governor of Yangzhou; Minister of War; Minister of Rites
1093 wife's funeral; death of Empress Dowager; transferred to the governor of Dingzhou; commander of the Hebei Military Region
1094 to Huizhou; banished to Huizhou
1097 to Hainan; banished to Danzhou
Huizong (1101-1126), the Empress Dowager's reign (1101-1126), was a period of great political turmoil, with the Empress Dowager's rule (1101- 1126) and the Empress' rule (1126) being the first in the history of the empire. 1126) Reign of the Empress Dowager (1100)
1101 Returned north; went to Changzhou; died
1126 Death of the Northern Song Dynasty
Yang Wanli (1127-1206), courtesy name Tingxiu (丁秀), courtesy name Chengzhai (誠齋). He was a native of Jishui (present-day Jishui County), Jizhou. He was an outstanding poet of the Southern Song Dynasty. In the twenty-fourth year of Shaoxing (1154), he was awarded a bachelor's degree. He was awarded the title of "Secretary of Ganzhou", and was later transferred to the post of County Minister of Ziling in Yongzhou, where he met Zhang Jun, who was living in exile in Yongzhou, and received much encouragement and teaching. After the reign of Emperor Xiaozong, Zhang Jun joined the ministerial committee and recommended Wanli to be the professor of Lin'an Province. Before his appointment, he was bereaved by his father, and after he completed his service, he was reappointed to Fengxin County. Qian Dao six years (1170) as a doctor of state, began to make the Beijing official, soon moved to the permanent prime minister, transferred to the young director of the General. In the first year of Chunxi (1174), he was sent to Zhangzhou, and then to Changzhou. In the sixth year, the Guangdong Changping tea salt, had suppressed the Shen Shi insurgent army, was promoted to the Guangdong point of punishment and prison. Soon, by the mother's funeral to go, called back for the Ministry of mandarins, promoted Langzhong. Twelve years (1185) in May, with the earthquake should be imperial edict on the book, very much on the current political ten things, to advise Emperor Xiaozong Nuxi not urgent matters, the policy of specialized preparation for the enemy, resolutely opposed to some people put forward to give up the two Huai, back to protect the Yangtze River misguided proposal, advocating the selection of talents, and actively prepare for war. In the following year, the Privy Council inspection and read the Prince. Fourteen years (1187), moved to the secretary of the young director. Gaozong collapse, Wanli because of the struggle for Zhang Joon when the temple rituals, accusing Hong Mai "deer for horses", annoyed Xiaozong, out of the Zhunzhou (now Jiangxi Gao'an). Guangzong ascended to the throne, called for the Secretary Supervisor. Shaoxi first year (1190), for the accompaniment of the Golden State He Zhengdan make and the actual record of the House review officer. Ultimately, because of the filial piety zong dissatisfied with him, out for jiangdong transit deputy ambassador. The court wants to line iron money in the counties of Jiangnan, Wanli thought it was not convenient for the people, refused to obey the edict, disobeyed the chancellor's intention, and changed to Ganzhou. Wanli see their ambitions can not be carried out, so do not go to the office, beg the ancestral temple official (no actual official position, only receive ancestral temple, equal to retirement) and return, and from then on no longer serve, the order of the court several times to call him to the capital, are resigned and not to. Kaixi two years (1206), because of the hate Han Han misuse of power, died of grief, the official end of the BaoMuGe scribe, posthumous title "WenJie".
Yang Wanli, a lifelong advocate of resistance to war, against surrender, he gave the emperor many "book", "policy", "zazhi" in the country repeatedly complained about the disease, and denigrate Surrender of error, patriotic feelings, overflowing. He was a clean and honest official, and tried his best not to disturb the people, and the poet Xu Gui praised him as "clean as water, poor but with gold" ("Casting Yang Chengzhai"). Jiangdong transit deputy ambassador after the end of the term, there should be a surplus of money 10,000 coins, but he was abandoned in the official treasury, not to take a penny and return. He was upright, bold in matters, accusing the ills of the time, no fear, so he was never used. In fact, his officials do not catty camp for promotion, in the Beijing officials are always ready to lose their jobs, so in advance, ready to go home from Hangzhou by the travel expenses, locked in a box, hidden in the bedroom, and quit family members are not allowed to buy a thing, for fear of going back home when the baggage is cumbersome. Later, in the fifteen years of idleness at home, or when Han Han's government, Han built a new South Park, he was asked to make a "record", promised to pay a high official, Wanli insisted on resigning, that "the official can be abandoned, 'record' can not be made. " With only a few things, we can imagine his character. The poet Ge Tianmin boasted that his "spine is like iron and his heart is like stone" (see "Southern Song Dynasty Group of Sages and Sages"), and Ge Wuhuai's "Small Collection" (see "Small Collection of Ge Wuhuai"). Ge Wuhuai Xiaoji"), is not the words of posthumous beauty.
Yang Wanli was an outstanding poet of the Southern Song Dynasty and had great influence at that time. His poems, together with those of Lu You, Fan Chengda, and You Zhiqi, are known as the "Four Great Poets of the Southern Song Dynasty". At first, he imitated the Jiangxi School of Poetry, but later he realized that the Jiangxi School of Poetry pursued the form, difficult and astringent shortcomings, and in Shaoxing thirty-second year (1162), he burned his strength to write more than a thousand poems, determined to jump out of the Jiangxi School of Poetry and find a new way. He recalled his own creative path in the Preface to Jingxi Collection: "Yu's poetry, began to learn from the gentlemen of Jiangxi, and then learn from Houshan (Chen Shidao) five-word law, and then learn from the old man of the mountain (Wang Anshi) seven-word stanzas, and then learn from the stanzas of the Tang Dynasty. ...... wuxu poetry, suddenly like a realization, then resignation of the Tang and Wang, Chen, Jiangxi gentlemen do not dare to learn, and then pleased as well." He has also been clearly expressed in the poem: "Passing the school passes on the clan I'm ashamed, writers each a stream. Huang (Tingjian) Chen (Shidao) under the hedge, Tao (Qian) Xie (Lingyun) before the line more head." ("Trek Xu Gongzhong province dry near the poem" No. 3) is because he does not follow the footsteps of others, beside people under the hedge, dare not turn all the way, to push the new, and finally formed his own, formed his unique style of poetry, called "Chengzhai style". The change of the poetic atmosphere at that time, played a certain role in promoting.
Yang Wanli was a learned man of great talent. His works are unconventional and full of changes, both "return to a thousand soldiers, inverted three gorges, through the heart of the sky, through the moon cave," the majestic and magnificent masterpiece; there are also gestures, write people's feelings, at the drop of a hat, but can make the best of the scenery and lyricism of the small poem. Poetry style is easy and natural, new ideas, humor and fun, fresh and lively, with a strong artistic infectivity. He also paid great attention to learning the merits of folk songs, and drew a lot of vivid and fresh spoken proverbs into his poems, therefore, his works are often "slang and proverbs come out of his mouth" (Jiang Honghe, "Poetry of the Cold Pond"), giving people a pure and simple natural feeling. For example, "The moon bends and shines in the nine states, and several families are happy and several families are sad; the sadness nails the people to shut up about the moon, and they have to go and rest." ("Bamboo Branch Song") is a mountain song that seems to come out of his mouth, reflecting his achievement in learning from folk songs.
Some of Yang Wanli's surviving poems express his patriotic feelings and concern for current affairs. In particular, when he was a companion of Jin He Zhengdan, he crossed the river and Huaihe for the first time to meet the Jin envoys in the north, and saw with his own eyes that the Song Dynasty had fallen into the hands of the Jin people, and that the Huaihe River had become the northern border of the Southern Song Dynasty, and that the people on both sides of the river were unable to travel freely, and he had infinite feelings in his heart, and he wrote a lot of patriotic poems, such as "The boat left the sandy bank of Hongze, and the people arrived at the Huaihe River, and it was not a good idea to go there; Why should Sangqian Fang be far away, north of the mid-stream is the end of the world!" "The boats on both sides of the river are going back and forth, and it is difficult to negotiate with the wave marks. Only the gulls and herons are free to fly from the north to the south." （When he passed by Jinshan in Zhenjiang, he saw that the pavilions in the picturesque Jinshan Mountain had become a place specializing in entertaining the gold envoys to cook tea, and he wrote indignantly, "The end of the big river is a shame for people! Jinshan end for people's sorrow" ("Snow clearing dawn climbed Jinshan") of the poem, y scorned the humiliation of the Southern Song dynasty. In addition, such as "across the Yangzi River", "read the sin of self edict", "the late major Zhang Wei Gong elegy", "Yu Prime Minister elegy", "Yuzhang river environment two", "stayed in the cattle pavilion Qin Taishi graveyard nunnery" and other poems, or to send the thoughts of the family and the country, or call for resistance to the war to restore the country, or to sing the praises of the generals who sacrificed their lives to the enemy, or satirize the power of the country to sell the enemy traitors, are all the famous pieces of Wanli.
He also had some poems reflecting the life of the working people, expressing his concern for people's livelihood and sympathy for the toiling people. For example, "Compassionate Farming", "Observing the Crops", "Sighing at the Farmer's House", "Sighing at the Autumn Rain", "Compassionate Drought", "Song of the Bamboo Branches", "Song of Planting Rice-planting" and so on, which are relatively high in ideology and artistry. But the number of works in the last two categories is not very large.
Yang Wanli's existing poems, most of which are about the wind and the moon and the scenery, and the works of entertainment. In this part, some of his works are too detailed and lack of high artistic generalization, which makes them crude and shallow. But he also has a lot of lyrical landscape poems, due to careful and in-depth observation, vivid and realistic descriptions, sincere and strong feelings, and therefore interesting, quite moving. For example, "Plums leave sour and soft teeth, bananas share green and window screen. The day is long and I have no feelings to sleep, and I watch the children catching willow flowers." ("Idle in the early summer when I take a nap") "I can't really see the rivers and mountains outside the fog, I only recognize the village in front of me by the chickens and dogs. The ferry is full of frost like snow, the first trace of my green shoes." (Dawn of the Fifth Day of the First Month of the Year in Gengzi) "In the sound of the stream when the rain comes back in spring, people are drunk with plum blossoms and bamboo shadows." ("New Year's Eve") are written naturally, fresh and lively, extremely thoughtful, and those poets who specialize in describing the wind and clouds, moon and dew is a different path.
Bai Juyi (772 - 846), the word Lotte, the number of Xiangshan Jushi. His ancestral home was Taiyuan [now Shanxi]. He was born in Taiyuan [now in Shanxi], and moved to Xiangui (下邽)(音guī)(今陕西渭南北) at the time of his great-grandfather. Bai Juyi's grandfather, Bai Huangshi, was the magistrate of Gongxian [Gongyi, Henan Province], and was a close friend of the magistrate of Xinzheng [Henan Province] at that time. Seeing the beautiful mountains and rivers of Xinzheng and the simplicity of its people, Bai Huangyi loved it so much that he moved his family to Dongguozhu Village (now Dongguo Temple), west of Xinzheng City. Tang Dynasty Zong Dali seven years (AD 772 February 28) the twentieth day of the first month, Bai Juyi was born in Dong Guo House. Bai Juyi died in Luoyang [in Henan province] in August of the sixth year of Huichang (846) of the reign of Emperor Wuzong, at the age of 75. He was the author of the seventy-one volumes of Bai's Changqing Jie (白氏长庆集).
In his later years, he served as a junior minister of the Crown Prince, with a posthumous title of "Wen", and was known as Bai Fu and Bai Wen Gong. In literature, he actively advocated the new music movement, advocating that articles should be written for the times and poems should be written for the events, and he wrote a lot of poems lamenting the times and reflecting the people's hardships, which had an impact on the later generations. He wrote many poems lamenting the times and reflecting the plight of the people, which had a considerable impact on the later generations.
His life can be divided into two periods, before and after he was deported to Jiangzhou at the age of 44. The first is the period of helping the world, and the second is the period of being alone. Bai Juyi in the twenty-sixth year of Zheng Yuan (800) at the age of 29 years old, successively served as the secretary of the province of the school, Shaanxi to lieutenant, Hanlin scholar, Yuan and years of the left pickup, wrote a lot of satirical poems, the masterpiece is the Qin Zhongyin ten and the New Lefu fifty poems, which make the powerful and wealthy cut teeth, wrists, and change color. In the sixth year of Yuanhe, Bai Juyi's mother died of a nervous disorder in Chang'an, and according to the rules of the time, Bai Juyi went back to his hometown to observe his filial piety for three years, and when he returned to Chang'an after his mourning period, the emperor arranged for him to be the left zanzhan dafu. In June of Yuanhe ten years, when Bai Juyi was 44 years old, the prime minister Wu Yuanheng and the royal historian Pei Du were assassinated, Wu Yuanheng died on the spot, and Pei Du was seriously injured. For such a big event, the eunuch group and the old bureaucratic group in power at that time actually kept calm and did not rush to deal with it. Bai Juyi was very angry, so he submitted a petition to urge the murderer to be searched strictly, in order to clean up the law and discipline. However, those in power, instead of praising him for his zeal for national affairs, said he was an official of the East Palace, before the admonition of the government is a kind of unauthorized behavior; also said that his mother was to see the flowers fell into a well and died, and he wrote poems about flowers and poems about the well, it is hurtful to filial piety, so such people are not worthy of being the left zanzhan dafu to accompany the crown prince to study, and should be expelled from the capital. So he was relegated to the position of Secretary of Jiangzhou. In fact, he was offended by those satirical poems.
The deportation of Jiangzhou to Bai Juyi with a heavy blow, he said he was "face extinguished the color of worry and joy, chest eliminated is the heart of the right and wrong", the early years of Buddhism and Taoism thought growth. Three years later he was promoted to the post of assassin of Zhongzhou. In the fifteenth year of Yuanhe, Emperor Xianzong of Tang died violently in Chang'an, and Emperor Muzong of Tang succeeded to the throne. Muzong loved his talent and recalled him to Chang'an, where he successively worked as a secretary of the department, a master of the house, a systematic envoy, and a minister of the middle school. But at that time, the dynasty was very chaotic, the ministers compete for power and profit, fighting; Mu Zong political desertion, do not listen to advice. So he strongly requested to be expatriated, and in the second year of Mu Zong's Changqing period, he became the assassin of Hangzhou, and after Hangzhou was completed, he became the assassin of Suzhou. In his later years, he served as a guest of the crown prince in the eastern capital of China. At the age of seventy, he was dismissed from his post. Compared with the early period, he was much more negative, but after all, he was a poet who had made some achievements and actively petitioned for the people, and some of his poems at this time still revealed his concern for the country and the people. He was still diligent in politics, did a lot of good things, such as he had dredged six wells cut by Li Yu, to solve the people's drinking water problem; he built a long dike on the West Lake, water storage irrigation fields, and wrote an easy to understand "Qiantang Lake Rock Records", carved in stone, telling people how to store and drain the water, that as long as the "dike as the law, storage and drainage in time," you won't suffer from drought. It was thought that as long as "the embankment is in order and the water is stored and drained in time", people would not suffer from drought. This is the famous "White Causeway".
Bai Juyi's grandfather, Huangshi Bai, his father, Jigeng Bai, and his grandfather were all poets, and in this family background, Bai Juyi studied very hard and eventually became a poet. But Bai Juyi, like Li Bai and Du Fu, was also addicted to alcohol. Zhang Wen potential "Campsis Fish Hidden Series of Words" said: Although Tao Yuanming love to drink, but because of the family's poverty, can not often drink wine, and he drank with him are firewood, fishing, plowing the countryside, the location is also in the woods and fields, while Bai Juyi home brewing wine, every time you drink there must be a silk and bamboo accompaniment, the boys and prostitutes to serve. Those who drank with him were famous people in the society, such as Pei Du, Liu Yuxi and so on.
When he was 67 years old, he wrote a biography of Mr. Drunken Yin. This Mr. Drunken Yin is himself. In the biography, he said, there is a Mr. Drunken Yin, do not know the name, place of origin, official position, but only know that he was an official for 30 years, retired to the city of Luo. His residence had a pond, bamboo poles, trees, platforms and bridges. He loved to drink, recite poems and play the qin, and had fun with his drunkard, poet ua and qin lover. The fact is also true, inside and outside the city of Luoyang, temples, hills, springs and rocks, Bai Juyi went to roam.
Whenever the good time and beautiful scenery, or snow, he invited guests to his home, the first whisk wine altar, the second open poetry suitcase, after holding the silk bamboo. The first thing he did was to open his poetry box, and then the second thing he did was to hold the bamboo. Next to the houseboys playing "Nei Shang Yu Yi", the little prostitute singing "Yang Liu Zhi", really a lot of fun. Until everyone was drunk before stopping. Bai Juyi sometimes take the pleasure to play in the field, the car put a piano a pillow, the car on both sides of the bamboo pole hanging two wine pots, hold the qin to drink, and return to the end of the Xing.
According to the "poor record" records, Bai Juyi's home has a pond, can be canoeing. He invited guests to feast, sometimes on the boat, he ordered people to hang more than a hundred empty sacs next to the boat, which is loaded with wine and food, traveling with the boat, to eat and drink, pull up, eat and drink one and then pull up one, until the end of eating and drinking.