After analyzing the causes of the above accidents, it is not difficult to find that, if appropriate safety measures are taken, these accidents can be completely avoided.
In fact, the system involved in safety management is a human-computer environment system, to create a safe and comfortable working conditions in the enterprise, must be from the people, machines and equipment and the environment from a variety of perspectives to consider, and these factors interact with each other, each other's influence, the formation of an organic whole. In the human aspect, people are not only "biological man", "economic man", or "social man", we usually focus on the system to force the command management, and sometimes not according to the system to implement, and ignored the most important thing. Implementation, but ignored the most important aspect, that is, how to strengthen the most important means of safety management, that is, through education and training to improve the safety of all staff safety awareness and safety knowledge level, "full" education ignored the leadership, engineering production and technical personnel, safety management personnel with business guidance of training and education, which is also One of the reasons why the center of gravity of safety work can not be shifted. As a result of training and education is not in place, resulting in: ① leading cadres do not attach enough importance to safety, hindering the development of safety work. ② safety management professionals are not high-quality, business guidance is not strong, grass-roots workshops, groups lack of targeted education, safety work with blindness. ③ special operators and workers, "three-level" safety education is not effective, "safety" in the mind can not take root, safety regulations do not understand or do not understand thoroughly, can not remember, can not be embodied in the operation of the action to comply with, so that "three violations" phenomenon increased. Three violations" phenomenon increased. (Although we usually organize safety inspections, but only random inspections, it is not possible to always watch the whole process around the operator, and by their own quality limitations, do not necessarily understand the process and the operation of the main points, can not be seen from the depth of the problem.) (4) The purchasing personnel of the material equipment and material department do not understand the importance of safety, and they can't check the safety performance of the equipment and material well, which will leave a hidden danger for the equipment accidents and personal accidents in the future. (5) Production, maintenance, engineering and technical management personnel in the production and maintenance of the construction organization ignored safety, measures are not in place, and other management personnel may be due to a lack of technical skills in this area, and can not find the problem, resulting in potential hazards can not be eliminated in a timely manner and lead to accidents; engineering designers do not comply with the national "three simultaneous" laws and regulations, resulting in the technical reform project left behind hidden dangers. The project has left hidden dangers.
In the machine subsystem, not only refers to the machine and equipment, but also includes information systems and all the production process involved in the "hardware" part. In fact, we will wear the labor insurance products as the first element of view, while ignoring the real first safety protection system safety devices and facilities, its role is greater than the second protection system labor insurance products wear, some units do not have to invest the necessary funds, that is, in the presence of a safety device does not pay attention to good maintenance, man-made damages or because of other reasons for failure, not timely maintenance and improvement, such as the Common lifting equipment door interlock switches, limit switches and other safety devices are damaged, post noise, dust control facilities, poor maintenance has not attracted sufficient attention. Than the second safety protection system labor wear, from the ability to protect personal safety, the first safety protection system is more important, because of the limitations of labor, the human free body, it was redundant, to a certain extent, restricting the freedom of action, reduce the ability of human activity and is not welcomed by the operator, but from the meaning of protection of the body, the use of which is a compulsion! For example, in order to protect the body in a dusty working environment, it is necessary to use a dust mask, but more important to the enterprise than wearing a mask is that it should be perfected for the dust-producing machines and installations of local ventilation devices, due to the completeness of the ventilation device, even if you do not wear a mask, you can also create a non-hazardous working environment. Of course, when this dust control equipment does not work, then you have to wear a mask (as a second safety protection device). For modern companies, the ideal safety should be to use all possible means of technology, set up safety devices.
The environmental subsystem includes not only the physical and chemical environment, but also the social environment, such as the structure of the work team, working hour quotas, rules and regulations. It is not uncommon to see accidents or damage to workers' health caused by neglecting environmental factors. For example, in 1999, in the process of overhauling the dust collector of a lime plant, 2 temporary workers did not know the common sense of safety in the closed and unventilated environment, using high-pressure oxygen gun spraying zinc-rich paint, so that the atomization, and asphyxiation and death from oxygen deprivation. in November 1995, a sintering plant overhauling the workshop of Jin Mou, in the impermeable pipeline to carry out gas welding operations, due to the pipeline environment in the soot and asphyxiation and fall down and be burned into serious injuries, spending more than 1 million yuan in medical costs. In 1998, a temporary worker in a steel factory was burned to death in an explosion caused by explosive dust in an unventilated tank that produced electrostatic sparks when he was working in the tank. Therefore, the study of environmental systems in the risk factors and take safety technology measures to realize the safety of enterprises is of great significance, at the same time, the social environment, if there is a reasonable team structure, rules and regulations are sound and implementation is not only to realize the safety of enterprises, but also to improve the economic efficiency of enterprises is an important aspect. (There are many reasons for people to violate rules and regulations, including "not complying with the rules due to bad mood caused by external conditions" and "not doing it due to distraction caused by external conditions" or "not complying with the rules due to unwillingness to do it". The accident occurred and caused damage).
4, preventive measures
Enterprises to fundamentally reverse the passive situation of insecurity, reduce or eliminate the occurrence of accidents, it is appropriate to take the following measures.
1) Grasp the most important work of safety management safety education and training
(1) Strengthen the leading cadres, especially the newly appointed factory (mine) director, workshop director of safety education and training. The content of education, including the relevant national production safety guidelines, policies, safety regulations, basic safety and technical knowledge and basic safety management knowledge, through education and training, to improve their understanding of production safety, enhance the sense of responsibility for safety and conscientiousness, and to promote them to care about the importance of production safety.
(2) Strengthen the safety education and training of safety management professionals, improve their business guidance ability, so that they have a certain degree of safety management knowledge and safety technology knowledge. Training content includes: the company's production safety policy, safety rules and regulations, safety laws and regulations, knowledge of the unit's process and hazardous sources (points) identification and control management, as well as basic safety and technical knowledge (gas, pots and pans, lifting, electrical, injury handling procedures, relevant accident cases and emergency response to accidents, etc.).
(3) Strengthen the site safety inspectors knowledge education and training efforts, focusing on the operation of various types of safety regulations and process knowledge, hazardous sources (points) identification and control and management, as well as the identification of common hidden dangers and basic knowledge of labor protection.
(4) Strengthen the production of equipment, engineering and technical personnel safety education and training to eliminate the dead ends of safety education and training, such as in the engineering, production, maintenance, design process, so that they can take the initiative to find out the existence of danger, take measures in advance to prevent or eliminate, can be a very favorable conditions for the production of safety, and the vast majority of the leading cadres are promoted from the technicians, for the future to prompt them to pay attention to safety has a certain significance. Attention to safety has a certain significance. Training content includes production safety guidelines, policies, laws and regulations, the production safety responsibility system and typical accident cases, mainly the implementation of the "three simultaneous" to achieve safety and technical measures should be responsible for.
(5) Grasp the "three levels" of safety education and special types of training and education, there is a systematic, standardized "three levels" of safety teaching materials. Adhere to the combination of theoretical teaching and practical training, from the students to grasp the learning effect, the quality of teachers' lectures, and strict examination system, to seek practical results.
(6) grasp the temporary workers, contract workers, seasonal workers and other safety education and training.
2) from the construction of safety technology to strengthen the control of accidents, accident prevention
Focus on technical reform projects, large and medium repair works, "three simultaneous" and the implementation of individual construction measures, as well as to strengthen the efforts of rectification and rectification of hidden defects and hazardous sources (points) of control and management efforts.
(1) financial guarantee. Necessary safety technology facilities, safety technology equipment and equipment, safety monitoring instruments can not save the cost.
(2) institutional constraints. The safety measures are not implemented by the unit or individual assessment, the introduction or installation of unsafe performance requirements of equipment, facilities, labor protection products and lead to accidents in the unit or individual to deal with.
(3) Frequent supervision and inspection, the establishment of an inspection system to strengthen the production, overhaul, construction process technology and equipment conditions and management, and regular inspection, control and management of hazardous sources (points), timely rectification of hidden dangers. Strengthen the labor and health facilities, labor insurance products, special equipment, pot pressure vessel procurement, installation and transformation process of safety performance monitoring, fire, earth moving, elevated operations, electrical maintenance, into the tank operation, pumping and plugging blind gas operations in strict accordance with the safety requirements, the implementation of the "application for approval and inspection to confirm the implementation of the (implementation of) monitoring" procedures, and We implement the procedure of "application, approval, inspection and confirmation (implementation) and supervision", and we implement the responsible person at each level to ensure that the safety precautionary measures are perfected and implemented.
3) Improvement of the safety regulations
Real clarity at all levels and departments of production safety responsibility system, and the implementation of the system management method, the regional system of responsibility, accident liability assessment measures to strengthen the safety in place. System management is the use of safety systems engineering, from the human, machine, environment system, improve the "human" safety quality, strengthen the "machine" safety status, the establishment of production and management is conducive to the smooth running of the work of the workers and conducive to the work of the healthy "Environment" system. Regional responsibility system includes two meanings: ① the regional nature of the operating point, that is, in which the unit area operations (production, construction, maintenance, operation, etc.), the unit (plant / workshop / shift, etc.) will have to be responsible for its operating area safety; ② the regional nature of the operation of the professional, that is, who is in charge of which professional operations (including design, procurement, etc.), who will have to be responsible for the reliability of the implementation of the operational measures of safety. Strengthening of accident liability assessment and prosecution processing efforts to promote the implementation of safety regulations and job safety responsibility.
5. Conclusion
In order to adapt to the requirements of modern enterprises, the realization of enterprise safety, the use of safety systems engineering in modern enterprises is an inevitable choice.