Through the understanding of the rise of European and American countries, what enlightenment have you got?

The rise of Portugal and Spain (1): After the opening of the new sea route, the early colonial expansion began, the east-west sea passage was controlled, and a huge colonial empire was established. Reason: ① Located on the Atlantic coast, the geographical environment is superior. (2) national unity and centralization; (3) Enthusiasm to explore and courage to explore the outside world. (4) Take the lead in completing the great geographical discovery and taking the lead in development. (2) Decline: 1588, the Spanish Armada was defeated by Britain and declined rapidly. Reason: The plundered wealth, such as gold and silver, was not converted into capital, but used in a luxurious and corrupt life, so it declined. The rise of the Netherlands (1):17th century is very powerful, especially the maritime trade is very developed, and it is called "the sea coachman". Reason: ① Located on the Atlantic coast, the geographical environment is superior. ② In the early stage of colonial expansion, wealth such as gold and silver was transformed into capital, which promoted economic development. (3) The first bourgeois revolution (Dutch Revolution) broke out and a completely independent bourgeois-ruled country was established. (2) Decline: After being defeated by Britain, it declined. Reason: Commercial capitalism developed and the industry was relatively backward, so it was defeated by Britain. Britain (1) rose: 1, began to rise: 65438+In the late 6th century, it defeated Spain and began to establish maritime hegemony. Reason: ① Located on the Atlantic coast, the geographical environment is superior. ② In the early stage of colonial expansion, wealth such as gold and silver could be transformed into capital, which promoted the development of capitalism. 2. Hegemony establishment:1In the late 8th century, Britain defeated the Netherlands and France, established the world colonial hegemony, and gradually established an unyielding colonial empire with the largest colony in the world. Reason: The bourgeois revolution broke out and a capitalist country with constitutional monarchy was established, which overcame the autocratic system and promoted the rapid economic development. 3. Reach the pinnacle: From the middle of19th century, Britain occupied a monopoly position in the world industry, known as the "world factory", and was the undisputed number one hegemon in the world at that time. Reasons: ① Initiated and completed the industrial revolution at the earliest, emphasized scientific and technological innovation in the industrial revolution, and became the first industrial power in the world. ② It occupies the largest raw material producing area and sales market in the world. The rise of liberalism has replaced mercantilism. (2) Decline: 1, the economy began to decline:1In the late 9th century, the economic development was relatively slow, and it gradually lost its position as a "world factory". Reason: With vast colonies and semi-colonies, high profits can be made even if the productivity level is low. Therefore, in the second industrial revolution, we did not pay attention to the renewal of technology and equipment, and invested heavily in foreign countries, which restricted the economic development. 2. Decline of world hegemony: After World War I, with the decline of national strength, although Europe (Britain and France) is still the center of international relations, the hegemony of Britain has been seriously weakened. Reasons: ① Weakening in World War I .. ② Post-war colonial national liberation movement and self-governing secession movement. ③ The rise and competition of the United States. 3. Losing hegemony after World War II: After World War II, the United States became the number one power in the capitalist world, and Britain had to emulate the United States and become a partner of the United States. Reasons: ① The severe weakening of the Second World War. (2) The colonial and semi-colonial national liberation movement dealt a heavy blow. ③ The establishment of the hegemonic position of American capitalism. France (1) rose: 1, and began to rise:1In the middle of the 7th century, during the period of Louis XIV, France became the most powerful country in the European continent, and competed with Britain for world hegemony in the17th and18th centuries. Reason: Louis XIV carried out the mercantilist policy, strengthened centralization and objectively promoted the development of capitalism. 2. Reach the peak: 18 10 years or so, the first French Empire reached its peak and controlled the territorial expansion from Poland to Spain and from the Netherlands to Italy. Reasons: ① The French Revolution broke out and the capitalist system was established. (2) After the establishment of the First Empire of France, Napoleon adopted a policy conducive to political stability and the development of capitalism. (3) Napoleon's personal talent. (2) Decline: At the end of 1 and 19, the economic development was relatively slow, and the industrial output value dropped from the second place to the fourth place. Reasons: (1) 19 reasons: ① farmers are poor and the domestic market is narrow. ② The mineral deposits in Alsace and Lorraine were cut off in the Franco-Prussian War, and the resources were scarce. (3) During the Franco-Prussian War, capitalists invested their money in the credit field, mostly abroad, and the capital for industrial development was lacking. ④ There are many small enterprises, backward agricultural management and insufficient scientific and technological innovation. 2. After the two world wars, it gradually declined in major countries in the world. Reason: The severe blow of the two world wars. The rise and fall of the United States and its reasons: 1, began to become an economic power: 1894, and its industrial output value jumped to the top in the world. Reasons: ① Vast territory, superior geographical environment and abundant resources. (2) The western development has provided abundant raw materials and a vast domestic market. (3) Eurasian immigrants have brought sufficient labor and necessary skills and experience. (4) After the civil war, politics was relatively stable, and a large amount of European capital poured in. ⑤ Attach importance to science, technology and education. 2. After World War I, its power expanded and it dominated the Washington system. Reason: In World War I, the windfall was great and the strength was stronger. 3. Establishment of capitalist world hegemony: In the early days after World War II, it became the number one power in the capitalist world and established world hegemony. Reasons: ① Great benefits gained in World War II.