Over the past 60 years since the founding of New China, especially since the reform and opening up, China's medical and health undertakings have made remarkable achievements, covering urban and rural areas of the basic formation of medical and health service system, the ability to prevent and control diseases continues to increase, medical insurance coverage of the population gradually expand, health science and technology level rapidly improved. At present, the health of the people has improved significantly, and the main health indicators of the population are at the forefront of developing countries.
First, the effective control of major diseases, urban and rural residents continue to improve the level of health
At present, China's per capita life expectancy of 73.0 years, compared with 35.0 years of age before the founding of the country, a substantial increase; the national maternal mortality rate has been reduced from 1,500/100,000 at the beginning of the founding of the country to 34.2/100,000 in 2008, infant mortality rate from the beginning of the founding of the country, the 200 per 100,000, the infant mortality rate has been reduced to 14.9 in 2008, the infant mortality rate from the beginning of the founding of the country. The maternal mortality rate has dropped from 1500 per 100,000 at the beginning of the country to 34.2 per 100,000 in 2008, and the infant mortality rate has dropped from 200 per 100,000 at the beginning of the country to 14.9 per 100,000 in 2008, which are among the highest in developing countries.
Over the past 60 years, by vigorously carrying out patriotic health campaigns, implementing the national immunization program and major disease prevention and control, prevention and control policies, major infectious diseases that seriously threaten the health of the masses have been effectively controlled, and the incidence rate of national statutory infectious diseases of categories A and B has dropped from 20,000/100,000 in 1949 to 2,680,100/100,000 in 2008. China has succeeded in eradicating smallpox and filariasis, achieving the goal of being polio-free, eliminating iodine-deficiency disorders in general, and effectively controlling leprosy, schistosomiasis, malaria and other diseases that once posed a serious threat to people's health. Significant results have been achieved in the prevention and control of tuberculosis, AIDS, hepatitis B and other diseases. The serious epidemiological trend of endemic diseases has been effectively curbed, and the results of prevention and control have been solidly developed. The prevention and control of chronic non-communicable diseases have achieved remarkable results.
Under the unified leadership and command of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, the national health system has adhered to scientific prevention and control, responded to the challenges of major emerging infectious diseases, won the victory against SARS, effectively prevented and controlled avian influenza, and achieved important milestones in the prevention and control of Influenza A (H1N1), safeguarding the lives of the masses, and safeguarding the social stability and great achievements of reform and opening up.
The prevention and control of chronic non-communicable diseases has achieved remarkable results; since the 1990s, the Chinese government has been actively promoting the prevention and control of major chronic non-communicable diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, mental illnesses, malignant tumors, and oral diseases. It has launched a nationwide campaign to promote healthy lifestyles for all people, strengthened health education for all people, actively advocated healthy lifestyles, actively prevented risk factors associated with chronic diseases, and implemented the forward movement of the gateway and downward sinking of the center of chronic non-communicable disease prevention and treatment. Initially formed a situation of chronic non-communicable disease prevention and control work advocated by the government, sectoral cooperation, expert efforts, social participation.
Secondly, the health service system is constantly improving, and the accessibility of services to the public has significantly improved
At the beginning of the founding of the country, there were only 3,670 medical and health care institutions, 84,600 medical beds, and 505,000 health care technicians. At that time, medical institutions and medical personnel were basically concentrated in the towns, medical equipment was extremely poor, the level of medical technology is low, the general public, especially farmers, lack of medical care, do not have access to basic health care.
After 60 years of construction and development, China's medical and health care undertakings have made great progress. 2008 end, China has 278,000 health institutions, another 613,000 village health rooms, covering urban and rural residents of the health service system has been basically established; the total number of national hospital beds 4,036,000, 1,000 people in hospitals and health centers with a total of 283,300 beds; the number of national health workers reached 6,169,000 people, with a total of 1,000 people in hospitals and health centers, and the number of health workers reached 1,000,000 people. The number of national health personnel has reached 6.169 million, and the number of rural doctors and hygienists has reached 938,000; the number of health professionals and technicians per 1,000 population is 3.8 nationwide.
At the same time, the service and protection capacity and technical level of the health system have been greatly improved, and the people have been benefited by the development. 2008, the number of consultations in medical institutions (excluding village health offices) nationwide was 3.532 billion, and the number of hospitalizations was 114.83 million; the rate of pregnant women's prenatal checkups reached 91.0%, and the rate of postpartum visits was 87.0%; the rate of hospital deliveries was 94.5%; and the rate of rural health reforms reached 94.5%. 94.5%; the beneficiary population of rural water reform accounted for 93.6% of the total rural population, the penetration rate of rural piped water reached 65.5%, and the penetration rate of rural sanitary latrines reached 59.7%.
At present, China has built a number of large-scale modernized general hospitals and specialized hospitals representing the highest level of national clinical medicine and enjoying a high reputation in the international arena. Basically formed a community health service institutions and general hospitals at all levels, various types of specialized hospitals connected to the urban medical service system; and county hospitals as a leader, village health clinics for the bottom of the network, township health centers for the node of the rural three-tier medical service network. Urban and rural medical service system is increasingly sound and perfect, for urban and rural residents to provide a comprehensive, continuous, safe, effective, convenient, inexpensive medical and health care services, in the sudden public **** health incidents, major natural disasters, play an important role in safeguarding people's lives and maintaining social stability.
Third, the construction of the basic medical insurance system has been continuously improved, and the level of medical protection for urban and rural residents has been constantly raised.
The Chinese government attaches great importance to the establishment and development of the medical insurance system. In the early years of the founding of the People's Republic of China, the public medical care and labor insurance medical care systems were established, and in the 1960s the rural cooperative medical care system was set up in rural areas; the establishment and improvement of these systems have played an important role in safeguarding the health of workers and farmers. In the 1990s, China launched a reform of its medical security system, actively and steadily promoting the construction of various medical security systems and making significant progress. Basic medical insurance for urban workers has been advancing steadily, and by the end of 2008, the number of people covered by basic medical insurance in cities and towns nationwide had reached 318 million; in October 2002, the Chinese Government introduced a policy of establishing a new type of cooperative medical care system for rural areas, and since 2003, the new type of cooperative medical care system has been on a pilot basis and has been gradually promoted nationwide, and has now covered all counties (municipalities and districts) with agricultural populations, with a total of 833 million new participants, and the number of people enrolled has reached 833 million. The number of participants has reached 833 million, and the new rural cooperative medical system has brought benefits to more and more farmers, and is playing a greater and greater role in alleviating or reducing the economic burden of farmers' diseases.
The urban and rural medical assistance system has been initially established, with rural medical assistance covering all counties (districts) with an agricultural population, and 65% of counties (districts) carrying out pilot urban medical assistance. Commercial health insurance has flourished. At present, various types of insurance systems cover more than 1.1 billion urban and rural residents, and the framework of a multi-level medical insurance system is taking shape, providing the majority of urban and rural residents with a protective barrier against medical risks.
Fourthly, the legalization of health care is advancing in depth, and the rights and interests of the public in terms of health care are constantly being safeguarded
Since the reform and opening up, the National People's Congress and its Standing Committee have promulgated and implemented the Law on Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases, the Food Safety Law, the Law on Maternal and Infant Health Care, and other 11 laws related to health care; and the State Council has promulgated and implemented the Regulations for the Administration of Medical Institutions and the Emergency Regulations on Public **** Health Emergency Response. The State Council has promulgated and implemented the Regulations on the Administration of Medical Institutions, the Regulations on Emergency Response to Public **** Health Emergencies, and 37 other administrative laws and regulations; the Ministry of Health has formulated and issued more than 200 departmental rules and regulations, such as the Measures for the Administration of Prescriptions; and more than 1,300 health standards are currently in effect. Initially, a health law system has been established, consisting of legal systems for public **** health, medical services, health-related product management and medical protection, which plays an important role in safeguarding the health and safety of citizens, regulating market and economic behavior, and promoting economic and social development.
Fifth, the deepening of the reform of the medical and healthcare system has been officially launched in an effort to realize basic medical and healthcare services for all.
The Chinese government has always attached great importance to the development of health care, emphasizing that the protection of people's health and safety of life is of paramount importance. In April this year, the Chinese government formulated and released the Opinions on Deepening the Reform of the Medical and Health Care System and the Immediate Key Implementation Plan for the Reform of the Medical and Health Care System, which clearly defined the direction and major policies for the reform and development of China's medical and health care industry in the new era, emphasizing the general requirement of providing the basic medical and health care system as a public **** product to all people and realizing basic medical and health care services for all.
The overall goal of deepening the reform of the medical and healthcare system is to establish a sound basic medical and healthcare system that covers both urban and rural residents, and to provide the public with safe, effective, convenient, and inexpensive medical and healthcare services. By 2011, the basic medical security system to fully cover urban and rural residents, the initial establishment of the basic drug system, urban and rural grassroots medical and health service system is further improved, the basic public **** health services have been popularized, the pilot reform of public hospitals to achieve breakthroughs, and significantly improve the accessibility of basic medical and health services, and effectively reduce the burden of the cost of medical care for the residents, and effectively alleviate the "difficult to see a doctor, expensive to see a doctor" problem. The problem of "difficult and expensive access to medical care" has been effectively alleviated. By 2020, a basic medical and healthcare system covering urban and rural residents will have been basically established. The general establishment of a relatively perfect public **** health service system and medical service system, a relatively sound medical security system, a more standardized drug supply guarantee system, a more scientific management system and operation mechanism of medical and health institutions, the formation of a multi-dimensional pattern of medical treatment, everyone enjoys the basic medical and health services, basically adapted to the people's multi-level medical and health care needs, and the health of the masses of the people has been further improved.
In the focus of the recent reform, focusing on basic, basic and grass-roots, from 2009 to 2011 will focus on five key reforms, namely, accelerating the construction of the basic medical security system, the initial establishment of the national basic drug system, improve the basic medical and health service system, promote the gradual equalization of basic public **** health services, and promote the pilot reform of public hospitals. At present, work is being carried out in a positive and orderly manner; supporting documents for the reform are being introduced one after another; some major reforms for which conditions are in place are being implemented one after another; the coverage of basic medical insurance continues to expand; the construction of facilities for primary medical and health-care institutions is progressing well; and six major public ********************************************************************************************************************************************** Six major public **** health service projects and nine categories of national basic public **** health service projects have entered the implementation stage, the construction of the national basic drug system has been launched, the preparation of the pilot reform of public hospitals is underway, and the reform of the medical and health system is generally making good progress.
New China's health undertakings have gone through nearly 60 years of development, health work has accumulated important historical experience, need to be firmly grasped in the future work, and continue to carry forward: health work must adhere to and strengthen the strong leadership of the party and the government of the health work; must be used with the theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the guidelines of health work to guide the reform and development of health; must adhere to the reform and development of the method of Continuously solve new contradictions and new problems; health work must serve the overall situation of economic and social development; health work must maintain and safeguard the people's health rights and interests as the highest mission; must adhere to the nature of the public **** public welfare of medical and health care; health must adhere to the combination of highlighting the key points and taking into account the overall situation; health must adhere to the combination of the government-led and the introduction of market mechanisms.
China's health is facing unprecedented development opportunities, the Chinese government will continue to adhere to the people-oriented, governance for the people, the full implementation of the scientific concept of development, grasp the opportunity to meet the challenges, and comprehensively promote health reform and development, and continuously improve the health of the general public.