What are the common methods of oxygen therapy?

Oxygen therapy\x0d\ has two methods: common oxygen administration and special oxygen administration. \x0d\ There are three common methods of administering oxygen: \x0d\ 1) Nasal catheter or nasal plugs for oxygen administration. Oxygen flow adults 1~3L/min, infants and young children 0.5~1L/min, inhalation oxygen concentration up to 30~40% or so, this method is only applicable to blood oxygen partial pressure of patients with moderate non-decrease, nasal blockage, open-mouth respiration is not effective. \x0d\2) Open mask. The mask is placed in front of the patient's mouth and nose, slightly fixed but not airtight. The oxygen flow rate is 3~5L/min for adults, 2~4L/min for infants and children, and the inhaled oxygen concentration can reach about 40~60%. This method is more comfortable and can be used for patients with more severe conditions and more pronounced decrease in partial pressure of oxygen. \x0d\3) Hood oxygenation. Commonly used in infants. The child's head is placed in a Plexiglas or plastic hood, and the concentration of inhaled oxygen is similar to that of a mask, but the required oxygen flow is greater. This method of inhalation of oxygen concentration is more guaranteed, but when the summer is hot and humid, the temperature and humidity inside the mask will be higher than the room temperature outside the mask is particularly high, the child feels suffocated and uncomfortable, and affect the rest of the recovery. \x0d\\special oxygen delivery methods are four:\x0d\1) controlled low-flow oxygen delivery, used in patients with chronic bronchitis, emphysema and chronic pulmonary heart disease combined with acute lung infection and respiratory failure. These patients blood pressure drop at the same time often combined with insufficient ventilation, after oxygenation, many patients can be due to increased arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure and hazy consciousness, or even coma. In this regard, controlled low-flow oxygen administration can be used, the oxygen flow per minute should not be more than 1~2L, or with special Venturi's mask oxygen therapy, so that the inhaled oxygen concentration is maintained at 24~28%, this method can make the patient's arterial partial pressure of oxygen from the hazardous 50mmHg (6.7kPa) below, to the safer 60mmHg (8kPa) or so, without the risk of aggravation of carbon dioxide retention. \x0d\2 \x0d\2) Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Oxygenation (CPAP for short). This method is effective in hypoxemia due to increased intrapulmonary shunting. It is suitable for patients with severe oxygen drop such as neonatal pulmonary hyaline membrane disease and adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)." Intra-alveolar shunt" is a phenomenon in which the blood flowing through the alveoli cannot be ventilated due to intra-alveolar leakage or atelectasis, and the blood flowing through these alveoli is mixed into the arterial blood stream without gas exchange, resulting in the phenomenon of static-arterial mixing, etc. The main principle of CPAP is to make use of the positive pressure kept in the respiratory tract (especially during expiration) to make the alveoli that have been or will be atrophied to be expanded, to avoid the early closure of the alveoli, and to improve the exchange of oxygen. This method not only increases the oxygen concentration, but also improves the function of gas exchange due to the reduction of intrapulmonary shunting. \x0d\3) Mechanical respiratory oxygenation. Such as intermittent positive pressure ventilation to give oxygen (referred to as IPPV) and positive end-expiratory pressure to give oxygen (referred to as PEEP) when applying respirator. The latter has the same principle and function as CPAP. \x0d\4) hyperbaric oxygen, in 2 ~ 3 absolute atmospheric pressure in a special pressurized cabin to the patient's oxygen supply, mainly used for carbon monoxide poisoning and decompression sickness patients.