Identity of the International Committee
The predecessor of the International Committee was the International Committee for the Rescue of the Wounded, which was composed of five Geneva citizens, including Henry Dunant. It was renamed the International Committee of the Red Cross on 1875. All the members of the International Committee are Swiss nationals. As the founder of the Red Cross Movement and an advocate of the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols, it has been granted many international tasks and privileges. Today, the International Commission has the following capacities:
-Representative for the implementation of the Geneva Conventions;
-Founder and member of the Red Cross Movement;
-Guardians, propagandists and active service providers of the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols and the basic principles of the Red Cross Movement;
-Staff engaged in humanitarian activities at the request of the international community.
These functions endow the International Committee with a unique position in the history of international relations-the status of international legal person, which enables it to directly deal with governments in performing its duties. From 65438 to 0989, the International Committee was granted observer status in the United Nations.
Duties of the International Committee
The Constitution of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement adopted by the 25th International Conference of the Red Cross stipulates that the functions of the International Committee are as follows:
1. Maintain and disseminate the basic principles of the Red Cross Movement;
2. Recognize the newly established or reorganized national associations that meet the requirements, and inform the national associations of this recognition;
3. To undertake the tasks entrusted by the Geneva Conventions, work hard for the faithful implementation of international humanitarian law, and accept lawsuits related to violations of this law;
4. When carrying out humanitarian work in a neutral capacity in international and non-international armed conflicts or civil strife, efforts should be made to ensure protection and assistance to victims of such incidents;
5. Ensure that the activities of the Central Bureau for Missing Persons are carried out in accordance with the provisions of the Geneva Conventions;
6. Before the armed conflict, we cooperated with the Red Cross Societies of various countries and devoted ourselves to the training of medical personnel and the preparation of medical equipment;
7. Explain and disseminate international humanitarian law applicable to armed conflicts and promote the development of such law;
8, the implementation of the work entrusted by the International Conference of the Red Cross.
Humanitarian action
Since the First World War, the International Committee has been able to take humanitarian action for the victims of most armed conflicts. Mainly in the following three aspects:
First, relief and medical assistance. The International Committee has set up a relief office and a medical office. The duty of the relief office is to coordinate with governments, national societies and international organizations such as the United Nations and the European Union Sports Commission to provide the victims with conditions and materials in terms of clothing, food, shelter and transportation. The responsibility of the medical department is to solve the medical personnel, drugs and equipment needed to treat the wounded and sick, as well as various conditions needed to prevent epidemics. In addition, it also provides surgical treatment, physical therapy and rehabilitation treatment for people who were paralyzed or amputated due to injuries during the war, and produces and assembles artificial limbs and other devices.
The second is to visit prisoners of war and people arrested and detained for security reasons. This kind of visit does not ask about the reasons for arrest and detention, but only understands the material and psychological conditions of detention, distributes relief materials when necessary, and ensures that detainees can communicate with their families. Since 1945, the international commission has visited more than 500,000 detainees in 100 countries.
The third is to find someone and transfer letters. During the war between France and Prussia from 1870 to 187 1, the International Committee persuaded the warring parties to provide them with the names of the enemy wounded and prisoners of war captured by them, so that the International Committee could answer the inquiries of anxious relatives and pass their letters between prisoners of war and relatives. Because of its outstanding contribution to the cause of human peace, the International Committee won the Nobel Peace Prize twice in 19 17 and 1944. 1963, on the occasion of100th birthday, the International Committee won the Nobel Peace Prize for the third time (with the Red Cross * * *).
Sources of funding for the International Committee
The funds of the International Committee mainly come from several aspects: the States parties to the Geneva Conventions, multinational organizations (such as the European Union), national Red Cross or Red Crescent Societies, and various donations, funds and heritages in society. Half of the headquarters budget is provided by the Swiss federal government. The operation budget is obtained through special appeals, and the total amount is several times that of the headquarters organs, and it changes greatly every year, because the actions taken by the international Committee according to its tasks and circumstances are constantly changing.
Central tracking bureau
The Central Bureau of Missing Persons is an integral part of the International Commission, but it is also an independent legal entity, which is two independent institutions with the International Commission.
1, the origin and development of the Central Bureau of Missing Persons
The Central Bureau of Missing Persons also originated from the war. Among all kinds of disasters brought about by war, the mental pain such as separated relatives and unknown whereabouts may be the most uncomfortable. The International Committee has long recognized that it is often more important to alleviate people's mental pain than to alleviate physical injury. Therefore, in 1870 (during the Franco-Prussian War), the International Committee decided to set up an "information bureau" in Basel, Switzerland, to collect the lists of prisoners and wounded soldiers of the two warring countries, so as to inform the families and governments of both sides. Wounded soldiers can also communicate with their families through the special channels of the Information Bureau.
During the First World War, the International Committee set up the Central Bureau of Prisoners of War in Geneva to handle the information of prisoners of war. In addition to handling millions of Red Cross communications, it also received about 6.5438+0.2 million visitors. After the signing of the armistice agreement, the organization has established more than 7 million files.
World War II further promoted the work of the Central Bureau of Missing Persons. * * * Transferred 654.38+0.2 billion letters from prisoners of war and their families, 23 million letters from civilians living in different belligerent countries, distributed 3,600 Red Cross parcels, and reunited thousands of people with their families.
After the Second World War, the International Missing Persons Service (ITS) was established in Arolsen, northern Germany, to handle information and inquiries about detainees in Nazi concentration camps. The agency was first managed by the United Nations Relief and Reconstruction Organization and later by the International Refugee Organization. 1955, decided to be managed by the international Committee. 1960 changed its name to the Central Bureau of Missing Persons.
The Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols have laid a legal foundation for the Central Bureau of Missing Persons and given it the right to represent the interests of victims of international conflicts in international law.
2. At present, the tasks of the Central Bureau of Missing Persons
The main tasks are as follows:
-Collect information about war victims and inform their families; In order to protect victims or vulnerable people (including prisoners of war and people detained for security reasons), register their identities and track their whereabouts;
-Restoring and maintaining ties between family members separated by the war;
-Ask the relevant authorities to determine the whereabouts and current situation of missing persons. Help separated families reunite;
-Establish a travel permit for the International Committee to allow people without identity cards to return to their original country of residence or move to a third country for settlement.
The Central Bureau of Missing Persons attaches great importance to protecting the safety of victims, and personal data and information, especially information about detainees, must be kept strictly confidential. This working principle is even more important in the case of non-international armed conflict or internal turmoil.
3. International networks
In order to restore and maintain the ties between family members separated by the war, the Central Bureau of Missing Persons of the International Committee cooperates closely with the Red Cross Societies all over the world. Especially since the 1980s, the Central Missing Persons Bureau has encouraged national associations to set up "Missing Persons Service Department" and helped them to train personnel in this field.
At present, the tracing work of Red Cross Societies in various countries is in direct contact and cooperation under peaceful circumstances. Only under special circumstances such as war or armed conflict (for example, the two countries cannot communicate directly) will the Central Bureau of Missing Persons of the International Committee intervene.
China Red Cross Society is a social relief group engaged in humanitarian work. China Red Cross Society is led by the State Council. The main duties of its organs are:
(1) Organizing the implementation of the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Red Cross Society, implementing the articles of association of the China Red Cross Society, guiding local Red Cross societies to carry out national activities, and promoting the work of the China Red Cross Society.
(2) Disaster relief preparation: providing assistance to the injured and other victims in natural disasters and emergencies.
(3) Carry out community service and social welfare activities in the humanitarian field: organize mass primary health care training and participate in international humanitarian relief work.
(four) to carry out friendly cooperation and exchanges with the International Red Cross Organization and the Red Cross or Red Crescent Societies of various countries, publicize the basic principles of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols, and carry out work in accordance with relevant regulations.
(five) to carry out the Red Cross youth activities that are beneficial to the physical and mental health of young people and promote the humanitarian spirit.
(six) according to the "Red Cross Law of the People's Republic of China" and "People's Republic of China (PRC) blood donation law" to promote blood donation, construction and management of "China hematopoietic stem cell donor database".
(seven) in accordance with the principle of "one country, two systems", strengthen exchanges and cooperation with the Red Cross Society of Hongkong and Macao Special Administrative Regions, and assist the Taiwan Province government to carry out exchanges and cooperation between the Red Cross organizations on both sides of the strait.
(eight) to complete other tasks assigned and entrusted by the government.
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Organization chart of the red cross
2006- 10- 12
Organization chart of the red cross.
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Brief introduction of China Red Cross Society
2006- 10- 12
China Red Cross Society is the unified Red Cross organization of China people, a social relief group engaged in humanitarian work and an important member of the international Red Cross Movement.
The Red Cross Society of China aims to carry forward the Red Cross spirit of humanity, fraternity and dedication, protect human life and health, and promote the cause of human peace and progress.
China Red Cross Society was founded in 1904. Since its establishment, it has been engaged in activities to rescue wounded soldiers, refugees and victims, and actively participated in humanitarian relief activities.
The China Red Cross Society was reorganized in August under the care of the government. 1950. 1952 Restore its legal seat in the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. A great deal of work has been done to help the government fulfill the Geneva Conventions, cooperate with the national socialist construction and improve people's health.
Since the reform and opening up, the Red Cross cause in China has entered a period of sustained and rapid development. Red Cross Societies at all levels in China have been rapidly restored and established. At present, China Red Cross Society has 3 1 provincial branches, two special administrative regions branches in Hong Kong and Macau, more than 70,000 grass-roots organizations and nearly 20 million members. Work in the humanitarian field has been going on continuously and has been supported by the government and all sectors of society. Disaster preparedness and relief network has begun to take shape. The Red Cross Society of China raised more than 2 billion yuan worth of relief funds and materials, which contributed to the protection of the health and lives of the affected people. Since 1982, China Red Cross Society has assisted the government in advocating and promoting citizens' voluntary blood donation. The Red Cross Society of China has good relations and cooperation with the International Committee of the Red Cross, the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies and the Red Cross Societies in many countries, and actively assists the Red Cross Societies in sister countries. Since 1985, the China Red Cross has been a member of the leading committee of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies for three times and served as the vice-chairman. The Law of the People's Republic of China on the Red Cross Society was passed at the fourth meeting of the Standing Committee of the Eighth NPC in People's Republic of China (PRC), which provided legal protection for the work of the Red Cross Society in China.
In 2004, the China Red Cross held its eighth member congress, which was an important meeting in the development history of China Red Cross. President Hu Jintao was invited to be honorary president of China Red Cross Society, and Peng Peiyun was elected to continue to be president of China Red Cross Society, and the development plan of China Red Cross Society for 2005-2009 was adopted.
In the new century, the China Red Cross Society will continue to study, publicize and implement the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Red Cross Society, focusing on disaster prevention and relief, health care knowledge training, social services, dissemination of international humanitarian law and basic knowledge of the Red Cross movement, promotion of voluntary blood donation and moral education for young Red Cross people, database of hematopoietic stem cell donors in China, and prevention of AIDS. Strengthen personnel training, publicize to the society and raise funds through multiple channels, cooperate with the construction of socialist spiritual civilization and the establishment of social security system, and strive to build the Red Cross cause with China characteristics.
The China Red Cross Society will continue its efforts in accordance with the seven basic principles of the Red Cross Movement: humanity, justice, neutrality, independence, voluntary service, unity and universality. Make greater contributions to the happiness of the people of China and the cause of peace and progress of all mankind.