One ﹑ purpose of the investigation
Agriculture, rural areas, farmers has been the focus of attention of the whole country. In the context of economic recovery, I think the study of the current situation of the rural economy is a very necessary subject. The development of the rural economy is not only related to the farmers' well-being and prosperity is China's economic takeoff a part that can not be ignored. Because the face of 800 million farmers a huge number, I think not to promote the development of backward areas of the great difficulties but should focus on this huge market, just in time to take advantage of this opportunity to play a good driving force for economic growth, one of the troika of "expanding domestic demand" its huge role. In this context, we used the summer vacation time to make a survey on the status of the rural economy. Through the Tianzhen City, Shanxi Province, Hebei Province, Shahe City, Hengshui City, Renqiu City, Hulu City, Liaoning Province, the current state of the rural economy survey, to understand the current government policies implemented on rural development, rural economic development, as well as the development of the rural economy in the problems of the status quo, research to improve improve the level of the rural economy program for the construction of a new socialist countryside services.
Two specific investigation
We are based on the characteristics of the self-administered questionnaire reasonable questionnaire (see the annex below the survey report)
Personal general information, such as: occupation,, the number of people in the family, the number of family laborers;
Family finances and expenditures, such as: the family's annual income, the main sources of income, the proportion of family expenditures per year,
Family facilities, such as: daily transportation;
Family consumption, such as: the place of consumption, consumption environment, etc.;
National policies, such as: the village through the project, a new type of health care cooperation policy, agricultural tax exemption, micro-credit loans, etc.
The village enterprises, such as: the nature of the industry, the nature of ownership, etc.. The nature of the enterprise's ownership, etc.
(A) the basic situation of the survey respondents
The gender ratio of the surveyed population is 22:11.
The average age of the surveyed population is about 50 years old. In terms of literacy, the overall literacy of the population is low, 3/4 of the surveyed population has a lower than junior high school diploma, in which the education level of the population under 40 years old is higher than that of the population over 40 years old.
In terms of marital status, 90% are married.
Occupationally, 80% of the respondents were engaged in farming.
The average household size was about 5 persons.
The average household labor force was about 3 persons.
The average annual household income is about 4000.
(2) Knowledge of the current situation of the rural economy
There are four questions in the survey, two of which are quoted here, and they are presented in the form of a table:
I ﹑ In your family's total monthly expenditure accounts for the largest proportion of:
Category
Proportion
Daily necessities
40%
Education expenses
20%
Supporting the elderly
9%
Agricultural costs
20%
Other
11%
2. Your family's total income for the month of January will be:
Range
Proportion
Below $1,000
5%
$1,000 to $3,000
30%
$3,000 to $5,000
50%
Above $5,000
15%
The survey was conducted during the period of August 1, 2010 - August 30, 2010
. -2010年8月30日
四 ﹑ the experience of the rural economic status survey:
The understanding of the national policy: in the survey, we found that farmers generally believe that the direction and purpose of the national policy is to work for the welfare of the common people, but the implementation of its localities have been somewhat tasteless or even distorted.
(a) ﹑ According to this survey, 80% of the villagers reflect the Shahe City, a township of the new rural health insurance policy there are more opaque phenomena. The price of drugs in the village health center is several times higher than the price of drugs in the local pharmacy. And some village medical cooperatives doctors in the villagers to buy drugs, make excuses or even shirk, not willing to discount for them. There may be some hidden reasons for them to do so, and it is therefore necessary for the relevant government departments to improve their policies. In addition, I also understand that the state has formulated these policies include the types of drugs and the villagers use the drugs there is an asymmetry phenomenon, just like the market commodity supply and demand information asymmetry. The new rural medical cooperation policy is a solution to the rural medical treatment difficult, difficult to see this problem of the national people's livelihood and formulated, but in the survey we found that in some places, it does not play it should be the kind of effect.
(2) ﹑ in the previous few years, just after learning about the policy of home appliances to the countryside, that this is a beneficial policy, but went around the city's various large shopping malls and visited the farmers to learn that the enjoyment of preferential policies for home appliances to the countryside of home appliances are fewer types of low-end products and preferential amount of lower, 50% of the people think that this will not affect whether they buy home appliances will be willing to and the preferential amount is difficult to return to the villagers, and cumbersome procedures. It is also difficult to return the discounted amount to the villagers and the procedures are cumbersome.
(3) ﹑ Talking about the state of the farmers to plant a variety of subsidies, such as seed subsidies, grain subsidies, etc., but due to the large number of farmers in China, these subsidies are only equivalent to a small portion of the annual increase in the price of agricultural production supplies. Because with the rising prices of fertilizers, seeds and pesticides, the farmers' food costs increase year by year, but the increase in the purchase price of food is quite small, here we have to take into account the objective factors of China's population, but it is also necessary for the country to formulate policies to take into account the feasibility of the specificity of the more.
(4) ﹑ in the face of this preferential policies, many farmers just heard of simply do not understand. One is the publicity of the reason, the other is its complicated procedures. In the lending institutions, the farmers feel that can get a loan is mostly related to the family or their own have a certain economic basis of the crowd, and for a common people this is unattainable.
Awareness of rural income sources: During the days of the rural survey, we found that the farmers' income sources are relatively single, and generally rely on farming to obtain food income, but its proportion of the farmers' income is decreasing year by year. During the survey, we also found that farmers' sources of income include income from working outside the village, income from working in local enterprises, and a few from selling land ownership. There is not much difference in food income among farmers' incomes, but the difference in other incomes is obvious.
Awareness of the construction of new rural areas: The construction of new socialist rural areas is a fundamental way to solve the problem of "three rural areas" and an important guarantee for the comprehensive construction of a moderately prosperous society, which is a huge and complex systematic project that includes many aspects. As a contemporary college student, I have been eager to use my own knowledge and ability to analyze social phenomena and social problems, to understand the whole picture of society. I come from the countryside, but also understand the countryside, every day I feel its rapid changes, the countryside has a deep affection, is always concerned about the hometown of the new rural construction process, from the hometown of a series of policies to complete the adjustment of the size of the administrative villages, all this makes me happy and encouraging. Therefore, this summer vacation, I chose the new rural construction as one of the themes of my investigation, the Shahe City, Liucun Township, the new rural construction of a few days of investigation. Through the field investigation, using questionnaires and interviews, I went deep into the government village committees and farmers. In my opinion, the new rural construction of Liucun Township is in its initial stage, and is now searching for a road of scientific development. Has achieved certain results, but also exposed some problems, such as insufficient financial strength, not enough publicity, the quality of rural cadres is not high, did not mobilize the enthusiasm of the villagers, villagers, monotonous cultural activities, etc., it is recommended that we should mobilize ordinary villagers to build a new socialist countryside enthusiasm and enthusiasm, and the development of rural cultural undertakings, and by all means to increase farmers' income. In the survey we found a new rural construction project nearby is now in a state of limbo, the reason is that the lack of funds, the construction project can not continue.
5 ﹑ the following is what we get through the days of investigation on the farmers to increase income and rural economic development proposals:
1, market-oriented, actively and effectively adjust the structure of the agricultural industry, increase the productive income of farmers. With the development of the economy and the convenience of transportation, local agricultural products face strong competition from all over the country is an indisputable fact, relying on raising the price of agricultural products to increase farmers' income is no longer realistic. The most fundamental way to increase farmers' income is to adjust the structure of agricultural industry, and adjust the structure of agricultural industry must be market-oriented. From the characteristics of the northern rural population living in scattered, in the comprehensive development of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, on the basis of sideline industry, one is to make food as industry planting, improve the quality and yield of food crops; the second is to focus on agricultural products processing and deep processing, extend the agricultural industry chain, drive the development of related industries. Such as Jianchang County, the use of superior natural resources, the development of wild fruit processing, but the key is to find outlets, now is not the original "wine is not afraid of the deep alley" era.
2, accelerate the process of urbanization, the realization of the rural surplus labor force reasonable transfer, increase the farmers labor wage income. World Bank data show that the population of high-income countries urbanization rate of 78%, middle-income countries for 49%, the world average is 46%, while China's urbanization rate is only 32%, which shows that China's rural population to the city of the potential space to work. Therefore, through industrialization to drive urbanization to create more employment opportunities, to achieve a large-scale transfer of rural population, increase the income of farmers to work has become a realistic choice. The main ways are: ① active development of small towns, as far as possible to those who live in poor natural conditions, inconvenient transportation in mountainous areas of the farmers transferred to the town, such as the western mountainous areas of the Shahe some farmers travel very inconvenient, which not only affects their lives, but also on the local agriculture, processing industry, and even handicrafts have caused a lot of difficulties. At the same time, the township enterprises are constantly guided to gather in towns and cities, market management is strengthened, the market order is standardized, the market system is perfected, and the surplus rural labor is absorbed in the vicinity. For example, the Tian'an district in Shahe City is a representative of this. Concentrating the masses not only avoids the waste of residential land, but also allows the implementation of large-scale management of agriculture. ② Lower the threshold for farmers to enter the city. As long as they have a legal fixed residence, stable occupation or source of livelihood, farmers entering the city should enjoy the right to permanent residence and the same treatment as urban residents. (iii) Accelerate the pace of the transfer of surplus rural labor, and vigorously organize and guide the transfer of rural labor to non-agricultural areas. Establishing and perfecting a unified labor market for urban and rural areas, and creating a favorable environment for rural laborers to engage in non-agricultural and inter-regional mobility in cities and towns. In accordance with the policy of "fair treatment, reasonable guidance, perfect management, and good service", the establishment of township labor transfer guidance stations or labor security offices, and the opening of windows for the introduction of rural laborers' occupations, the services and management of migrant workers are effectively carried out, and the flow of surplus rural laborers to small towns is promoted, so as to expand the space for the employment of rural laborers.
3, actively create township enterprises, play a leading role in the development of rural economy, increase farmers' industrialized income. Township enterprises are connected to the market, connected to the farmers, is the terminal of agricultural production, but also an important carrier of industrialization. Township enterprises have three basic roles, one is to open up the market, promote the circulation of agricultural products, solve the farmers' "selling difficulties", to achieve the farmers' production purposes; the second is to improve the scientific and technological content of agricultural products and value-added, improve farmers' income; the third is to absorb the surplus, idle rural labor force to solve the problem of farmers' employment, increase the labor income of farmers. Income. For this reason, each township should rely on the township's natural resources and economic conditions, vigorously founded or through investment in the creation of agricultural products processing, circulation-type township enterprises; there are no conditions, we should take the initiative to rely on the existing township enterprises in the community. This point from the city of Shahe is clearly manifested in the city of Shahe in the townships of farmers' income is clearly linked to the number of local township enterprises. It can be seen that the township enterprises have a huge role to play in driving the local economic development.
Attachments:
Rural Economy Questionnaire
I. Your occupation is
1. farming 2. township enterprises and institutions 3. government agencies 4. individual 5. migrant workers
II. The approximate total income of your family in January is
1. less than 1,000 yuan 2. 1,000 yuan - 3,000 yuan 3. 3,000 yuan - 5,000 yuan 4. more than 5,000 yuan
Three. The main source of your income is
1.Income from agricultural products 2.Farming 3.Family side business 4.Income from local village enterprises 5.Working outside 6.Own business 7.Others
Four. Do you think your family income has changed significantly in 10 years
1. Yes 2. Almost no 3. Not at all
V. Have you participated in micro-credit loans
1.Yes 2.No
6. In which area do you generally use the loan fees you obtained
1. planting 2. farming 3. household consumption 4. other
VII. What do you think can be done to improve the microcredit loans for farmers
1. Improve the credit rating system 2. Broaden production and business channels 3. Establish a credit risk system 4. Reduce the interest rate of the loans 5. Simplify the handling procedures
VIII. The main items of your family's expenditure are (multiple choice can choose three)
1. children's marriage 2. children's education 3. medical treatment 4. house 5. purchase of a car 6. daily household expenses 7. purchase of means of production
9. What is the approximate total expenditure of your family in a month
1.less than 500 yuan 2.500-1000 yuan 3.1500-2000 yuan 4.more than 2000 yuan
X. If you have spare income and want to improve your quality of life, what would you choose
1. food and clothing 2. house construction 3. children's education or family members' study 4. marriage 5. specific material consumption needed by your family
XI. The largest share of your family's total monthly expenditures is
1. daily necessities 2. education expenses 3. support for the elderly 4. agricultural costs 5. other
XII. Where you choose to spend your money
1. always at the market in the township 2. usually at the market in the township, occasionally at the shopping mall in the city 3. usually go to the city to buy, occasionally in the township
Thirteen. What are the constraints on your spending in rural areas
1. Consumption environment (e.g., whether the infrastructure is perfect, whether the distribution system under the rural market order is sound, and the ecological environment in rural areas)
2. Subjective desire (purposeful consumption for some reasons)
3. Lack of suitable products in the rural market for you
4. Inadequate credit, social security and other mechanisms in your region. Inadequate rural credit, social security and other mechanisms that inhibit your consumption
5. Other factors
XIV. What level of education do you want your children to reach
1. junior high school 2. senior high school 3. undergraduate degree 4. master's degree and above
15. The economic situation of your village has improved a lot compared with the past ten years
1. improved a lot 2. improved a little 3. no significant change 4. not as good as in the past
XVI. Where do you think the economy of your rural area has improved the most
1. Transportation facilities 2. Housing conditions (including the convenience of water and electricity) 3. Household appliances 4. Household or agricultural transportation 5. Children's education
XVII. What do you think the construction of new countryside should mainly rely on (multiple choice can choose three)
1. Relying on the government's project financial support 2. Developing the rural collective economy 3. Relying on the villagers' own efforts 4. Collective efforts of the villagers and the government 5. Relying on the attraction of investment 6. Relying on the correct guidance of the national policy 7. Unknown
XVIII. Where do you get the most benefit from government policies
1. Exemption of students' tuition and miscellaneous fees for nine-year compulsory education 2. Subsidies for agricultural machinery 3. Reduction and exemption of agricultural taxes 4. Medical insurance
XIX. The social security that rural families want most
1. basic pension insurance 2. minimum subsistence guarantee 3. medical insurance for serious illnesses 4. other
20. Do you think the government's financial support for rural areas should focus on (multiple choice can choose three)
1. farmers' agricultural production 2. supporting village enterprises and large-scale farmers to solve the problem of public employment 3. developing science, education, culture and health 4. carrying out infrastructure such as water, electricity and roads 5. subsidizing and comforting the poor households
XXI. Is there any enterprise in your village at present
1. Yes 2. No
If you answered A then answer questions 22 and 23
XXII. The most economically powerful enterprise in your village is currently
1. a township enterprise 2. a private enterprise 3. state or collective ownership 4. none
Xxiii. The nature of the industry of the most economically powerful enterprise in your rural area
1. industry 2. agriculture (including agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery) 3. commerce 4. other
XXXIV. Do you think the main obstacle to the future economic development of your rural area is (multiple choice: three)
1. Labor shortage, most young people go to the city to work 2. Lack of national policy support 3. Lack of talented people 4. Inconvenient transportation 5. Rural cadres do not work for the welfare of the farmers 6. Lagging in the acquisition of market information, which leads to blind planting, and the final price is too low to sell the agricultural products 7. Small per capita arable land, a single crop, and less income 8. Have you joined the rural medical insurance
1. No 2. Joined 3. Don't know
XXXVI. After having medical insurance, how is the family's access to medical care now
1. easy and cheap to get medical care 2. just a little cheaper 3. cheap but difficult to get medical care 4. other
XXXVII. Daily transportation is
1. bicycle 2. motorcycle 3. motor vehicle 4. car 5. other