1. Classical Chinese translation of "History of the Ming Dynasty: Wu Liang's Biography"
Wu Liang was a native of Dingyuan. He was originally named Wu Guoxing, and was given the name Wu Liang by Taizu. He and his younger brother Wu Zhen are both famous for their bravery and strategy. Following Taizu, he raised an army in Haoliang and worked together as a vanguard in front of the tent. Wu Liang was good at diving to detect enemy situations, and Wu Zhen often disguised himself as a spy. Zhang Shicheng's army garrisoned Qinwang Mountain, and Wu Liang captured it, thus conquering Jiangyin. He was appointed as the commander to guard there.
At that time, Zhang Shicheng completely occupied Wu, spanning Huaidong and western Zhejiang, and his soldiers had sufficient food. Jiangyin was at its strategic point, backed by the river, and guarding the throat of the north and south. Zhang Shicheng repeatedly rewarded the soldiers with gold, silver, and fine silks, asking them to wait for opportunities to attack Taizu's army. Taizu told Wu Liang: "Jiangyin is our southeastern barrier. You must control the soldiers, do not interact with the outside world, do not accept fugitives, do not seek small profits, do not compete with the enemy, just protect the whole territory and stabilize the people." Got it." Wu Liang carefully followed the order and took precautions. Because of his meritorious service in defeating the enemy, he was promoted to Privy Council Judge. Zhang Shicheng led a large number of troops to invade, and his warships covered the river. His general Su Tongqian stationed at Junshan and commanded the advance. Wu Liang sent his younger brother Wu Zhen out of the north gate to fight with him, while he secretly sent Marshal Wang Ziming and his warriors to rush out of the south gate and attack the enemy from both sides. They defeated the enemy and captured and beheaded many of them. The enemy soldiers fled all night. Soon they invaded Changzhou, and Wu Liang sent troops from Xiaodao to annihilate the enemy reinforcements in Wuxi. At this time, Taizu personally led his troops to fight for the upper reaches of Jiang and Chu many times, and competed with Chen Youliang. The army was dispatched many times, Jinling was empty, and Zhang Shicheng did not dare to send troops to the north to invade the land. This was all because Wu Liang had become a barrier in Jiangyin. reason.
Wu Liang is kind and tolerant, lives a frugal life, and does not like sex and money. Staying in the city tower at night, sleeping on top of the mountain, training officers and soldiers, it is often as if the enemy invades. In his spare time, he invited Confucian scholars to study and discuss classics and history, established schools, established social studies, opened up fields on a large scale, evened out labor and reduced taxes. After ten years here, the territory was stable and peaceful. Taizu once summoned Wu Liang to express his condolences and said: "Wu Yuan has made a great contribution to the protection of one party. Cars, horses, jewels and jade are not enough to commend you for your contribution. I will definitely have no worries about eastward travel!" Song Lian, a scholar of life, and others wrote poems and essays to praise him. , still sent him back to his original garrison. Soon he sent a large number of troops to attack Huaidong and conquer Taizhou. Zhang Shicheng's soldiers again sent out horses to carry sand and invaded Zhenjiang. Hundreds of huge ships sailed up the river. Wu Liang stood ready. Taizu personally led the army to resist Zhang Shicheng. Zhang Shicheng's team fled, and Taizu chased them to Fuzimen. Wu Liang sent out troops to attack from a flank and captured 2,000 soldiers. Taizu went to Jiangyin to comfort the army, inspected the camp, and praised: "Wu Liang is the Wu Qi of today." In the third year of Hongwu, he was promoted to the governor and Tongzhi, and was named Marquis of Jiangyin, with a salary of 1,500 dan, and was granted privileges for generations to come. of iron coupons.
In the fifth year of Hongwu's reign, the barbarians in Guangxi rebelled, and Wu Liang went out to Jingzhou to attack them. Within a few months, Tanxi was captured, Taiping was captured, and the enemies in Qingdong and Yashan were annihilated in Tongguan Tiezhai. All the barbarian tribes were shocked and surrendered one after another, and western Guangdong was pacified. In the twelfth year of Hongwu, the King of Qi granted him the title of Qingzhou. The princess was Wu Liang's daughter, so she ordered Wu Liang to go to Qingzhou to build the palace. In the fourteenth year of Hongwu, Wu Liang died in Qingzhou at the age of fifty-eight. He was granted the title of Duke Jiang Guo and his posthumous title of Xianglie. 2. Translation of the classical Chinese biography of Hao Jie in the Ming Dynasty
Later he was appointed as the Minister of the Ministry of Industry in Nanjing: "In recent years, punishments have been imposed on civil servants but leniently on military generals. However, his achievements are not without falsehood.
< p>Shenzong called him to take charge of the political affairs of the Ministry of War, and Yang Bo and others advised him. The censor Hu Kejian rode on horseback to impeach Li Ning and the guards.
The eunuch Li You was ordered. Supervisor Su, in his heart, believed that Hao Jie had not deceived him. People outside the country heard about this and participated in confidential affairs. Hao Jie quickly asked to leave. Before that, he followed the enemy to attack the old and weak soldiers and told the whole story. .
Soon after, he petitioned to reduce the corvee in the plundered areas, and he was promoted to the censor of Youqiandu. In the winter, the emperor did not listen to the advice, and finally did not.
The King of Korea was preparing to take refuge in Liaodong, and it was normal for Hao Jie to pass the imperial examination in the thirty-fifth year of Jiajing (1556). He was jealous and received the heads of more than 280 old and weak people.
The emperor said that Li Chengliang. In the past, his achievements were verified and reported by the patrol minister. After the enemy invaded the pass, he took up his original post and inspected Liaodong. He either packed up his troops and escaped, and Haizhou was looted for thirteen years. Tian; The memorial implicated Li Chengliang. After the enemy invaders retreated, they beheaded the deceased to report their merits. Some officials stripped the people to serve them.
Moreover, the eunuch was arbitrary and indulgent, and also slandered Hao Jie, named Yanfu. When the enemy retreated, Geng Suiqing returned to his hometown to await investigation and punishment. "
At the same time, he slandered Yiou one by one. Soon he was promoted to the right minister of the Ministry of War, and only ordered him to wait for examination, and asked Governor Jianda to do the same.
The emperor came to Nanhaizi, and Hao Jie was also impeached, and the deputy general Sun Shoulian refused to fight. The governor and ministers protected him, and sent deputy general Li Ning to attack the enemy camp at Zhenyi Fort, ordering all the horses in the Beijing camp to follow him. Jian Da put aside Hao Jie's memorial summarizing his crimes and did not report it. Jie argued about the matter again, and Shenzong specifically pardoned him and Jian Da for their deception.
Li Ning fled first, and he was transferred to Nanjing Hubu Shangshu to dissuade me. /p>
The news came out. He was transferred to the Ministry of War, taxation, and weaving in the Hangzhou area.
The Ministry of War put aside Li Ning's crimes and did not discuss them, which would destroy the border defense affairs. He asked Hao Jie to choose a good place outside the country to settle him. He impeached Liu Tao, the governor of Jizhou. Hao Jie and others impeached him for violating the customs. In the winter of the 18th year of Wanli, Li Xin guerrillaed and lost most of his thousands of soldiers. He also stole Liaodong. When the soldiers were in Bangchui, Jianda sent the general Zu Chengxun to lead 3,000 people to North Korea, and ordered Liu Tao to say.
Soon after, the emperor deposed Shen Yingqian because of private discussions about Zhang Juzheng's expulsion of Gao Gong. He would say that there are no capable people in our court.
Because he once commented that Gao Gong was not the prime minister's material, the enemy invaded Yongping in large numbers, and Jianda hid his draft. , Zhou Mian was thrown into prison, and if he was knighted, he was transferred out of the capital to serve as deputy envoy to Shaanxi, or he took advantage of the opportunity to destroy scattered enemies.
In the seventeenth year of Wanli (1589). Hao Jie said that Shenzong replied that it was okay and Li Chengliang adopted the strategy of Guo Mengzheng.
At that time, Li Chengliang was dismissed as the chief military officer and was appointed as the inspector of Shandong.
Hu Kejian then impeached Sun Shoulian and requested that the law be rectified in order to revitalize the country's prestige. This was not a unified decree. At the same time, he criticized the deputy envoy Shen Yingqian and withdrew his troops to inspect the suburbs of Beijing.
< p> His father, Hao Ming, had done a lot of damage to his virtue. Hu Kejian was very angry, and the governor Geng Suiqing looked at each other.He was transferred to Shandong Zuobu, but the emperor refused and gave him the title of Prince Shaobao. Hao Jie submitted a detailed memorial. ”
The emperor replied that it was okay, and submitted a memorial to defend himself and report the crimes of Li Chengliang, Shen Shixing and Zhou Mian in detail. In the spring of the nineteenth year of Wanli (1591), he and Xu Guo told me to pardon Li Ning's crime.
When Gao Gong was recalled again, Li Chengliang whitewashed his achievements and asked for promotion, Hao Jie said. When he was impeached, Li Chengliang did not help, and the entire army was wiped out. Jian Da and the military department were involved in the incident, and Zhang Yingdeng formed a traitorous party to deceive the emperor.
In the end, he ignored the problems of Li Chengliang and others and died in office. "In the end, the emperor did not obey the military affairs of Baoding area of ??Liao Dynasty.
He violated justice by pursuing personal interests, and regarded Li Xin as a meritorious deed for luring and killing people who defected to Guansai, and included one of his sons in the official register: "The emperor ascended the throne. It had only been a year since the edict was issued to stop weaving, but Hao Jie refused to befriend him. He was appointed a pedestrian, supported his entourage, was demoted to the minister of Yuanmasi Temple in Liaodong and concurrently served as a military officer in the sea route, and prosecuted Li Chengliang for pretending to have merit in the previous years. , was intercepted by other enemy troops, Xu Guo protected him and was promoted to censor. Hong Chaoxuan, the minister of justice, was dismissed for correcting the emperor's mistakes and was promoted to censor of Youdu. Hu Kejian made arrogant speculations, pursued the commander and ignored the partial general. "
Disagreement; when I impeached Li Ning: "Ping Hideyoshi's death was more than justified, and his prestige was very high: "I first impeached Sun Shoulian. He led the generals to fight against the enemy, and sent special envoys to rule Ji.
p>
Japan took credit for the victory in Korea and deprived him of his official status.
Returned to his hometown due to illness. Translation of Classical Chinese
He Kai, whose courtesy name was Yuanzi, was a Jinshi in the fifth year of Tianqi's reign. During the reign of Wei Zhongxian, he returned without being elected. He was transferred to the criminal department. The bandits trapped in Fengyang and destroyed the imperial mausoleum. Kai impeached the governor Yang Yipeng and the inspector Wu Zhenying. He also assassinated the assistant ministers Wen Tiren and Wang Yingxiong, saying: "Zhenying, Tiren is a private person; Yipeng, Yingxiong." The Lord of the Seat. The traitor invaded the imperial mausoleum, and the gods were angry.
His Majesty stopped giving lectures and avoided the palace, which moved his subjects
He Kai wrote "The Classic of Songs"
The two assistant ministers looked at it alone, wanting to make Yipeng and Zhenying wear their sins and redeem themselves. Love is important, but the tombs of ancestors are light; friends are deep, and the world will not tolerate ridicule. "Disobey the edict and engrave the order to take matters into consideration." He also said: "Ying Xiong and Ti Ren played a debate, and Ming Zi introduced his disciples to marry Ya. This is the real reason why the criminal officials looked at each other. They begged for instructions and ministers, and did not distinguish between grudges and hatred, but used state affairs as a drama." Ying Xiong re-played the debate. . Kaiyan said: "Since I have not followed the order, Ying Xiong first quoted Chen Shu's poems in the first day, and there must be someone who missed the ban on Chinese." The emperor was moved and ordered Ying Xiong to explain himself, but Ying Xiong actually left. The Secretary of the Ministry of Civil Affairs said that in the key areas of Deng and Lai, the governor Chen Yingyuan cited illness and should allow him to go. And when Yongjia was promoted to Yingyuan, he was appointed as the governor of Denglai. Regular script also sparsely refutes it. Kai also asked Gao Panlongguan, the imperial censor of the capital, to be given posthumous titles to Zuo Guangdou's ministers, and to summon Hui Shiyang back. See and listen sparsely. Repeatedly moving to engineering majors failed. 4. Classical Chinese translation of the biography of Liu Lin in the Ming Dynasty
Biography of Liu Lin in the Ming Dynasty
Original text
Liu Lin, courtesy name Yuan Rui, was originally a benevolent man and was the deputy Qianhu of Guangyang Wei in Nanjing. , because of home. He was good at learning and writing, and together with Gu Lin and Xu Zhenqing, he was known as the "Three Talented Scholars in Jiangdong". In the ninth year of Hongzhi, he became a Jinshi. In addition to the head of the Criminal Department, he was a member of the imperial family, and more than 390 people were rehabilitated. At the beginning of Zhengde period, he became the prefect of Shaoxing. Because Liu Jin refused to pay tribute to him, he was dismissed from serving the people. Jin Zhu set out to repair Xi'an and moved to Yunnan as an envoy. At the beginning of Jiajing's reign, he summoned the imperial servant to pay homage to him, became the right deputy censor of the capital, and made the governor of the Six Prefectures of Baoding. After becoming an official on March 21, the fourth year of Jiajing's reign (1525), he was promoted to Minister of Dali Temple and Minister of the Ministry of Industry. Because of the fourteen events in the last festival, Zhonggui was greatly resented. Because the ultimatum stopped the weaving of Zhejiang, Su, and Song, and the robes for the emperor were also suspended, the middle official Wu Xun thought of it and ordered Liu Lin to become an official. Living in Nanyuan in the suburbs, he amused himself by composing poems. Late in life, he lived in a tower, but he was too poor to build a building. He hung a basket on a beam and lay in it, which was called the Shenlou. Wen Zhengming drew the picture. He died in the 40th year of Jiajing at the age of eighty-eight. As a gift to Prince Shaobao, he was given the posthumous title Qinghui. There is "Liu Qinghui Collection".
Translation
Liu Lin, whose courtesy name was Yuanrui, was a native of Ren County, Ben'an County. He had been a deputy to the Guangyang Guards in Nanjing for generations, so he settled here. He was knowledgeable and good at writing articles. Together with Gu Lin and Xu Zhenqing, he was known as the "Three Talents of Jiangdong". In the ninth year of Hongzhi, he passed the Jinshi examination, was appointed as the head of the Ministry of Punishment, and was promoted to Yuanwailang. He corrected the unjust, false and wrong cases of more than 390 people. In the early years of Zhengde's reign, he left Beijing to serve as the prefect of Shaoxing. Because Liu Jin was jealous of him for not thanking him (his kindness), he was dismissed from the people. After Liu Jin was executed, he was appointed to Xi'an as a replacement, and was soon promoted to Yunnan Inspector. In the early years of Jiajing's reign, he was recruited and appointed as Taipuqing, promoted to right deputy censor of the capital, and governor of the six prefectures of Baoding. After his resignation on March 21, the fourth year of Jiajing's reign (1525), he was appointed minister of Dali Temple and promoted to minister of the Ministry of Industry. Because he wrote a letter about fourteen things to save money, the ministers in the palace hated him very much. Since the general order suspended weaving in Zhejiang, Suzhou, and Songjiang, and the emperor's provision of robes was also stopped, Wu Xun, an official in the palace, took this matter as an excuse and asked Liu Lin to resign. (Liu Lin) lived in Nanyuan in the suburbs, composing poems for his own entertainment. In his later years, he liked bamboo buildings, but because he was too poor to build them, he hung a cart under the beams, curled up and slept in them, and named it a sacred building. Wen Zhengming drew this picture. Jiajing died in the 40th year of his reign at the age of eighty-eight. He was given the title of Crown Prince Shaobao, and his posthumous title was Qinghui. Author of "Liu Qinghui Collection". 5. History of the Ming Dynasty: The Biography of Kong and Jin Classical Chinese Translation
History of the Ming Dynasty? Biography of Kong Jin Translation Notes
Original text
Kong Jin was a native of Shanyang. His father died early, and his mother, Xie Shi, died three months after death and gave birth to gold. His mother was forced to marry Duyan, the great Jia, and she drowned herself in a river. Jin Chang has repeatedly sued officials and failed to win. He wanted to kill Jin by giving bribes, but Jin was begging for food and walking under the palace. He beat the board and heard the drum to complain about his grievances, but he could not reach it. Returning to the tomb, he cried day and night. Liu Qing, a local man, and others reported the matter to the government. The magistrate Zhang Shou disagreed with the agreement and summoned the matchmaking family of the Lu clan to make a serious announcement about the matter. Not long after he kept his promise, he said that he would be exempted from the fate. Jin Fuhao complained endlessly and was beaten to death without leaving any trace of his skin. He had been caressing the old documents, and he was still sitting there talking about making great changes, until he died in prison. Jin Ziliang also practiced filial piety. His father was ill, and he turned his penis into soup to feed it, and he recovered. After the death, the tomb of the hut was destroyed. In the forty-third year of Wanli's reign, father and son both received the banner.
Reference translation
Kong Jin was from Shanyang County. His father died young, and his mother, Xie, gave birth to Kong Jin three months after his father's death. (Later Kong Jin's) mother was forced into marriage by the big businessman Du Yan and drowned in a river. When Kong Jin grew up, he repeatedly filed lawsuits against officials, but failed to get justice. Du Yan offered bribes (to officials) in order to kill Kong Jin, so Kong Jin fled to the capital begging for food, beating the Dengwen drum to complain about his grievances, but failed to reach the holy hearing, and his grievances were also redressed. (Kong Jin) returned to his father's graveyard and cried day and night.
Fellow villager Liu Qing and others (on behalf of Kong Jin) stated his grievances to the prefect. The prefect Zhang Shouyue was very surprised by this incident and called people from Kong Jin's village and clan and officials in charge of marriages (to verify the situation). ), Du Yan was sentenced to death based on the facts. Zhang Shouyue died soon after, and Du Yan was exempted from crime (because of) his upward connections. Kong Jin continued to cry and was beaten and scolded until his body was completely bruised. Soon after, the governor reviewed the accumulated case files and still sentenced Du Yan to death. (Du Yan) eventually died in prison. Kong Jin's son Kong Liang also had filial piety. When his father was ill, he cut off the meat from his thigh to make broth and gave it to his father to drink. His father recovered quickly. After his father passed away, he built a hut next to his father's tomb to guard the tomb. His body was destroyed due to excessive grief. In the forty-third year of Wanli, both father and son were commended by the court.
Notes
(1) Posthumous pregnancy: posthumous pregnancy. Refers to a situation in which a child is born after the father dies. (2) is: preposition, indicating passive. (3) Jia: Businessman. (4) Forced marriage: forced marriage. (5) Litigation against an official: suing an official for a lawsuit. (6) Begging: begging for food; begging for food. (7) Walk: run; escape. (8) Under the palace: under the palace. It refers to the palace where the emperor lives. This refers to the capital city. (9) Beat the Dengwen drum: Beat the Dengwen drum. Dengwen Drum: In ancient times, in order to show that they listened to the opinions or grievances of their subjects, emperors hung drums outside the court hall and allowed their subjects to beat the drums to listen. This was called "Dengwen Drum". (10) Complaint: complain about grievances. (11) Deda: To reach the holy hearing. (12 Graveyard: cemetery; graveyard. (13) Weeping: wailing loudly. (14) Liren: people from the country. People from the same village; fellow villagers. (15) Lu clan: people from the same clan and clan. Lu and clan capitals It is an ancient resident establishment unit. For example, "Zhou Li" records that the "Liu Xiang" township party organization is divided into six levels: Bi, Lu, clan, party, prefecture and township. The sixth level of Bi, County and Sui. (16) Matchmaker: Official name. In charge of marriage matters. "Zhou Li·Di Guan·Media" says: "Meetor is in charge of the judgment of all people. All men and women who have become famous are written in the year." The name of the month and day is Yan. Let the man marry when he is thirty and the woman when she is twenty. "(17) Zhishi: Based on the facts. (18) Sitting: Sentencing. (19) Dapi: Refers to the death penalty. (20) Weiji: Soon. (21) Yuan: Sounds like yín yuán. It originally refers to clinging to a powerful person and fawning over oneself. (22) Waiver: means to absolve oneself from guilt. (24) Unstoppable. Uninterrupted. (25) Being beaten: Being beaten. (26) Soon after; (27) Fu: Refers to the governor. 28) Arrange and review. (29) Old documents: This refers to the leftover case files. Healing relatives was regarded as a filial piety in ancient times; cutting one's legs to offer sacrifices was a sign of reverence. (36) Lu Tomb: After the death of a parent or teacher, the ancients built a hut next to the tomb to protect the tomb. Later, it was often used as a funeral rite. (38) Jing: commendation
Note:
Please refer to Dictionary.com for the translation of the History of Classical Chinese Civilization
p>Translation of "Han Yong's Biography":
Han Yong, named Yongxi, was a native of Changzhou. He was reviewing criminal case files in Nanji and Dangshan taught someone to whip the cook. , Shanfu escaped and hid. Shanfu's father reported Jiaoyu for killing his son. Jiaoyu had already pleaded guilty. Han Yong followed and got Shanfu to clear Jiaoyu's grievances.
Orthodoxy. In the winter of the thirteenth year (1448), the Chuzhou thief Ye Zongliu came from Fujian and attacked Jiangxi. The army was defeated. The emperor issued an edict and ordered Han Yong and the guarding minister Yang Ning to urge the army and the people to join the defense. He sent documents to the neighbors and joined forces to attack the thief Deng Maoqi. Because the thief discussed surrendering, the officers and soldiers stopped military operations. Han Yong said: "It is not too late to retreat if the thief really surrenders." Marching quickly, the thief has rebelled. Wang Cheng Therefore, he was sentenced to death.
In the early years of Tianshun, King Ning impeached him for riding in a sedan chair without authorization. Position, assisting Kou Shen in managing the affairs of the Metropolitan Procuratorate.
After Xianzong succeeded to the throne, Han Yong was implicated by the bachelor Qian Pu and was demoted to Zhejiang Zuo to participate in politics. Yao and Tong people from Guangxi fled to Guangdong to plunder. Almost all the counties along the way were destroyed. In the first month of the first year of Chenghua (1465), a large-scale military operation was launched, and the governor Zhao Fu was appointed as the chief military officer. Wang Xiong, Minister of the Ministry of War, said: "Han Yong is unparalleled in talent, and he must be the one to pacify the thieves." So he was changed to Han Yong. Zuo Qiandu was the censor and assisted in the management of military affairs.
Prior to this, the editor Qiu Jun wrote to Li Xian, a scholar, saying that thieves should be driven out in Guangdong and that thieves in Guangxi should be surrounded by siege methods, requesting an order to send guerrilla generals He Yong to lead ethnic minorities. The cavalry went straight to Guangdong, while the army rushed to Guangxi and divided their forces to put out the rebellion. Li Xian appreciated this battle plan very much. Han Yong said: "The whole army should go straight to Dateng Gorge. The nest has been overturned, and the rest can be solved easily. To abandon this and not to seek it, but to divide the troops into four quarters, is equivalent to blowing up the wind while putting out the fire." Everyone said, "Yes."
Han Yong and others arrived in Guilin and beheaded the commander Li Ying and other four people who missed the plane in public. Han Yong pressed his hand on the map and discussed with the generals: "The thieves have Xiuren and Lipu as their wings, so they should Attack these two counties first to isolate the thieves' power." So he led 160,000 soldiers and sent out troops in five groups. He first attacked the thieves in Xiuren County and pursued them to Lishan, capturing more than 1,200 people. In October, I went to Xunzhou and asked the local elders. They all said: "The gorge is a natural danger and cannot be attacked by force. It should be besieged by tactics." Han Yong said, "The gorge stretches for more than 600 miles, how can it be besieged? If the troops are divided, they will be weak. If we use troops, we will be short of property. When will the thieves be defeated? "My plan has been decided and I will march to the mouth of the gorge. Dozens of Confucian scholars and local elders were lying on the left side of the road, willing to serve as guides. When Han Yong saw them, he immediately cursed, "How dare the thief deceive me!" He ordered the people on the left and right to be tied up and beheaded. Everyone was very surprised. While he was being tied up, he discovered a sharp knife in his sleeve. After interrogation, he was indeed a thief.
The leader of the thieves, Big Dog, and others were greatly frightened. They erected fences on Nanshan and prepared many rolling logs, javelins, and poisoned bows and arrows to resist the army. Yong personally led the troops to climb up through the trees and vines, and sent strong men to go up from the path first, occupy the top of the mountain, and use artillery to fire stones at the thieves. The thief could not resist and was defeated. Han Yong hated evil, so although he enforced prohibitions and the people lived in peace, slander and criticism of him were easy to occur.
People in Guangdong and Guangxi commemorate Han Yong's achievements and build ancestral halls to commemorate him. 7. An urgent biography of Tan Guang in "History of the Ming Dynasty" classical Chinese translation
Tan Guang, courtesy name Zhonghong, was born in Dantu. In the early years of Hongwu, he conquered Jinshan as a soldier and was awarded the title of Yanshan Guard Hundred Households. When he followed Chengzu to raise troops, he captured Zhuozhou with one hundred cavalry and captured thirty generals alive. He was successful in the battles at Baigou, Zhending and Jiahe, and was promoted to commander many times, leaving Baoding behind. Commander Han Guan led an army of 120,000 to attack. Tan Guang resisted for more than 40 days alone, and later seized the opportunity to repel them.
In the ninth year of Yongle (1411), he was promoted to the commander of Daning Capital and was in charge of the construction of Beijing. Later, he took charge of the Shenji Camp, followed the emperor in the Northern Expedition, and served as a general of valiant cavalry. In the eleventh year, he went to Shanxi to train troops. In the second year, he enlisted in Jiulongkou and served as a forward. The thieves numbered in the tens of thousands and lined up on the bank. Tan Guang ordered his soldiers who could draw strong bows to shoot. Thousands of arrows were fired, and countless thieves died. The officers and soldiers took advantage of the victory to attack from a pincer, and the thieves were defeated. In terms of merit, Tan Guang was promoted to the governor of Qianshi.
After Renzong succeeded to the throne, he was promoted to the governor of the left, wore the seal of General Zhenshuo, and guarded Xuanfu. In the third year of Xuande's reign (1428), he asked the military towns to follow the example of counties and counties and set up the Fengyun, Leiyu, Shanchuan and Sheji altars. In the sixth year, because Xuanfu was short of food, he asked Kaiping and Dushi to recruit merchants to transport grain to Xuanfu to gain the right to sell salt, so as to supplement military rations. The emperor obeyed. The next year, the emperor listened to the advice of the Ministry of Household Affairs and ordered the troops from other guards stationed in Xuanfu to be sent back to farm fields for planting. Tan Guang wrote a letter saying: "The border I guard is more than 1,400 miles away. The enemy is watching and may invade at any time. If there is a police force, how can we recruit troops hundreds of miles away? How can we make it in time? The suggestion of farming and planting is foolish. I don't think it's feasible." The emperor had enough troops to guard the border, and only ordered those who were transferred to garrison Xuanfu during the Yongle period not to be sent back.
In the early years of Zhengtong, the imperial court believed that although Tuohuan had come to surrender, his cunning plot was unpredictable. The emperor ordered Tan Guang and the chief military officers of other towns, Chen Huai, Li Qian, and Wang... Countermeasures. Tan Guang and others submitted their own opinions, which roughly stated: "Border bandits appear and disappear, but defense is the best strategy. We should divide our troops to guard key areas, and occasionally send elite troops to patrol outside the fortress. When encountering enemies, we will decide whether to fight or defend according to our capabilities."
Send spies to detect the enemy's movements, and use light troops to track the enemy's whereabouts. If the enemy comes, he will gain nothing, and if he leaves, he will be afraid. In this way, the dangers of border defense can be slightly alleviated. "The emperor adopted his opinion. In November of the sixth year (1441), for his role in fending off enemies, he was granted the title of Yongning Bo, with a salary of 1,200 shi, and still guarded the Xuanfu. In the eighth year, he requested to retire. The emperor ordered him to be recalled and receive him in October of the following year. The emperor took pity on his old age so that he could not die this month.
He was strong, fought in the army and became a general. He fought in more than a hundred battles without being defeated. He spent 20 years in Xuanfu. He built forts, strictly guarded them, and set up post stations. He also asked the generals to be awarded firearms. If he breaks the law, he will be punished immediately, but he is kind to the soldiers and the border is safe. He is a famous general. He has the experience of killing the capital with a stick because of anger, and has also beaten hundreds of households with a stick for personal grudges, for which he was impeached by the officials. , the emperor ignored him. After his death, the officials said that he had no hereditary certificate, so he appointed his son Tan Xu as the commander. 8. Translation of Classical Chinese, History of Ming Dynasty, Gao Doushu, Zi Xiangxian, Yinren
Gao Doushu, named Xiangxian, was a Jinshi in the first year of Chongzhen. He was appointed as the governor of Geng Ruqi Prison, and he was appointed to the imperial court with four other officials.
In the fifth year, he was moved to the prefecture of Jingzhou. After a long time, he was promoted to deputy envoy of military preparation in Changsha. Those in Chu County suffered from bandits, and their influence spread to Hunan, and the local bandits in Lin, Lan, Hu, and Hunan stopped the old and weak guards. After five hundred soldiers died, another two hundred were sent to garrison You County. The battlements of the city treasury were completely destroyed. Dou Shu arrived, forty flying towers were built, and the garrison was overhauled. More than 200 Lin and Lan pirate ships arrived at the city from Heng and Xiang, and rejected each other. After more than ten days, he went to Yuanzhou and sent the capital commander Chen Shangcai to follow him. He also went to find and kill the rebels Liu Gaofeng and others, and ordered the governor Chen Ruimo to record his achievements. The enemy was in the south. After more than ten battles, the thieves were defeated.
In June of the 14th year, he moved to Yunyang to guard Yunyang and belonged to the city. There are six people with less than 4,000 residents, and they are hundreds of miles away from Jingzhen. Wang Yongzuo moved to Xiangyang to control it. On the sixth day, Zhang Xianzhong led the army from Shaanxi to the east. The prosperity was divided, the battles were frequent, and the thieves did not dare to commit crimes. Junzhou surrendered to the king of Xiaoqin. At first, he and Zhang Xianzhong and Luo Rucai were thieves. After Xianzhong, Rucai surrendered and rebelled again. Seeing that he is self-doubtful, he is afraid that he will be conquered by others, and Guangen will seize the key points to refuse Xianzhong. Use it, and you will be happy to use it 9. History of Classical Chinese Civilization, full text translation by Li Ji Zhuan
Li Ji, courtesy name Shangde, was from Tancheng, Shandong. He passed the provincial examination in the 26th year of Hongwu and entered Chinese studies. After studying for three years, he served as a household officer. At that time, the merchants were inspected in the market and all the suitcases were emptied. Li Ji petitioned to stop this practice. Soon after, Li Ji was found guilty and was dismissed. Li Ji was appointed as the magistrate of Xinxiang County on the recommendation of others. He recruited the exiled people and gave them farm tools. As a result, thousands of people returned to agriculture. Li Ji resigned because of his mother's death, and many officials and people petitioned to stay. He did not get permission from the court. In the early years of Yongle, (Li Ji)'s mother's mourning period expired and he was changed to the magistrate of Dong'an County. If something was detrimental to the people, he would report it to the court and avoid it. A widow complained to Li Ji because her son was bitten to death. Li Ji prayed to the City God and deeply blamed himself. The next morning, the wolf that killed the child died in its den. The minister Li Chang and others recommended Li Ji, and the imperial court promoted him to be a doctor in the Ministry of Punishment. Li Ji reported more than ten things, many of which were adopted by the court. Later, he was involved in some affairs and was demoted to work as a security guard.
During the Hongxi period, the imperial court issued an edict to seek talents, and Li Ji was recommended to be the censor. He reported ten things about governing the country and benefiting the people, and Renzong approved and adopted them. In the fifth year of Xuande's reign, Li Ji inspected Cangchang. Sergeant Gao Xiang stole corn from the warehouse. Li Ji caught him and interrogated him. The concubine of Gao Xiang's father said that Gao Xiang stole with Zhang Gui and others, and Li Ji accepted bribes from Zhang Gui and others, so he only accused Gao Xiang. The Minister of Punishment Shi Li sentenced Li Ji to death. Li Ji wrote a memorial to Mr. Xuan to defend himself. Xuanzong said: "Since the censor has captured the thief, how can he accept a bribe?" He ordered Shili and the Metropolitan Procuratorate to re-interview Li Ji. It turned out that Li Ji was unjustly accused. Xuanzong then severely reprimanded Shi Li and restored Li Ji's official position. In November of this year, the imperial court selected twenty-five ministers to serve as county guards, and set out on the road with the emperor's edict.
Li Ji was the prefect of Henan, the prefect of Zhaoqing was Wang Ying, who was involved in the incident, the prefect of Qiongzhou was Xu Jian, a doctor in the Ministry of Household Affairs, the prefect of Tingzhou was Xu Jingxuan, a member of the Ministry of Rites, the prefect of Ningbo was Zheng Luo, the head of the Ministry of Punishment, and the prefect of Fuzhou was the chief prince of Dali Temple. , later they all became famous for their outstanding political achievements.
There are many thieves in Henan, so Li Ji specially set up the fire armor system. If a household is robbed, the first armor will compensate. Write the words "House of Thieves" on the doorstep of the person who committed the crime of theft. Li Ji also compiled an "Exhortation to Education" and traveled around the country shaking a big bell with a golden tongue and a wooden tongue to convey it. Since then, people have changed their behavior, and no one will pick up things if they are dropped on the road. There is the palace of King Yi in Henan. King Yi asked Li Ji many times, but Li Ji did not listen. The eunuchs and guards in King Yi's palace killed the people, but were stopped by Li Ji. King Yi resented Li Ji very much. Waiting for the winter solstice, King Yi ordered Li Ji to go to the mansion to accompany the luggage at the fourth watch. Li Ji arrived as scheduled, but King Yi falsely accused Li Ji of being late, arrested him, put him in shackles and handcuffs, and was released the next day. Li Ji reported to the court that Xuanzong was angry and wrote a letter to blame the king of Yi. He arrested the officials, chief officials, and officials in the palace and handed them over to the judge. Li Ji behaved well, and even the short and long tables in his home must be placed in an orderly manner. He died six years after arriving in Henan at the age of seventy. The people came to pay their respects and were speechless in pain.