A solid waste
1, meaning:
Solid waste refers to human production, consumption, life and other activities in the production of solid, semi-solid waste material (the definition of foreign countries is more extensive, animal activity waste also belongs to this category), in layman's terms, that is, "garbage
Mainly, it is the "garbage" which is commonly referred to as "trash".
Mainly including solid particles, garbage, slag, sludge, waste products, broken utensils, defective products, animal carcasses, spoiled food, human and animal feces. Some countries put waste acid, waste alkali, waste oil, waste organic solvents and other highly concentrated liquids are also categorized as solid waste.
2, hazardous
Solid waste generation source dispersed, large production, complex composition, form and nature of the variable, may contain toxicity, flammability, explosiveness, radioactivity, corrosive, reactive, infectious and pathogenic hazardous wastes or pollutants, and even pollutant-enriched organisms.
Some solid waste is difficult to degrade or difficult to deal with, emissions (quantity and quality of solid waste) with uncertainty and hidden, these factors lead to solid waste in the generation, discharge and disposal process on resources, ecological environment, people's physical and mental health, and even impede the sustained development of social and economic.
Two, hazardous waste
1, meaning:
Hazardous waste is included in the national list of hazardous wastes or according to the national provisions of the hazardous waste identification standards and identification methods identified as solid waste with hazardous characteristics.
2. Hazard:
(1) Damage to the ecological environment. Arbitrary discharge, storage of hazardous waste in the rain groundwater long-term infiltration, diffusion effect, will pollute the water and soil, reduce the environmental function of the region level.
(2) affect human health. Hazardous waste through ingestion, inhalation, skin absorption, eye contact and cause toxicity, or cause combustion, explosion and other hazardous events; long-term hazards, including repeated exposure to long-term poisoning, carcinogenicity, teratogenicity, mutagenicity and so on.
(3) Restriction of sustainable development. Hazardous waste is not treated or not standardized treatment and disposal of pollution brought about by the atmosphere, water, soil, etc. will also become a bottleneck to constrain economic activity.
Expanded Information
For solid waste disposal methods are as follows:
1, general prevention and control of solid waste pollution methods are first to control the amount of its generation, for example, gradual reform of the urban fuel structure (including civil industry) to control the consumption of raw materials for factories, quotas to improve the service life of the product, increase the waste product recycling rate, etc.;
These are the most effective ways to prevent and control the pollution of solid waste. Recycling rate, etc.;
2, to carry out comprehensive utilization of solid waste as a resource and energy treatment, really can not be used by the compression and non-toxic treatment to become the final state of solid waste, and then landfills and sinking sea, the main methods used include compaction, crushing, sorting, curing, incineration, biological treatment, etc..
For hazardous waste treatment methods are as follows:
1, physical treatment: physical treatment is through the concentration or phase changes to change the structure of solid waste to make it easy to transport, storage, utilization or disposal of the form, including compaction, crushing, sorting, thickening, adsorption, extraction and other methods.
2, chemical treatment: chemical treatment is the use of chemical methods to destroy the harmful components of solid waste, so as to achieve harmlessness, or will be transformed into a form suitable for further treatment, disposal. Its purpose is to change the chemical properties of the treated material, thereby reducing its hazardous nature. This is a common pre-treatment measure before the final disposal of hazardous waste, and its treatment equipment is conventional chemical equipment.
3, biological treatment: biological treatment is the use of microorganisms to decompose the degradable organic matter in solid waste, so as to achieve harmless or comprehensive utilization. Biological treatment methods include aerobic treatment, anaerobic treatment and part-time anaerobic treatment. Compared with chemical treatment methods, biological treatment is generally cheaper economically and commonly used, but the time required for the treatment process is long and the treatment efficiency is not stable enough.
Baidu Encyclopedia - Solid Waste
Baidu Encyclopedia - Hazardous Wastes