Second: according to the "who pollutes, who governs" principle, the battery manufacturer is responsible for the recycling of waste batteries, battery sales, the implementation of the security deposit system, the state of the battery manufacturer to collect a certain amount of governance costs, and a certain percentage of the return to the recycling and governance of enterprises. In our country can use artificial sorting to reduce costs, thanks to our rich human resources.
Third: realize the low mercury and mercury-free battery production, and strengthen the production of rechargeable batteries. Realize the scale of battery recycling industrialization road. For enterprises that do not meet the requirements ordered to reform or shut down, and those who do not reform and shut down at a fine.
Fourth: the state to give waste battery recycling enterprises a certain policy support for technological breakthroughs, advanced technology enterprises to give incentives and bigger and stronger; in view of China's huge scavenging team, you can maximize the use of economic means to improve the recovery rate of batteries, such as a certain amount of money to recycle every kilogram of old batteries and so on.
Fifth: in the newspaper and television and other media to the people to publicize and educate, cultivate public awareness of recycling.
4. Economic feasibility analysis of recycling of waste batteries in China
The cost of recycling of waste batteries can be summarized as follows:
The cost of concentrating the waste batteries from many consumers to the waste battery disposal place.
Productive expenses required for the treatment of waste batteries at the disposal site.
The cost of selling and financial management of the products derived from the recycling of waste batteries.
Environmental protection costs in the process of recycling waste batteries.
Through policy support, scale and industrialization of transformation, low mercury and mercury-free battery production, the production of rechargeable batteries, effectively reduce the cost in recycling, reduce the difficulty of processing, easy to achieve scale and industrialization benefits.
The benefits of waste battery recycling are shown as follows:
Sales income from the recycling process of the materials obtained. China can produce 10 billion batteries per year, the annual recovery of 156,000 tons of zinc, 226,000 tons of manganese dioxide, 2080 tons of copper, 2.07 million tons of zinc chloride, 79,000 tons of ammonium chloride, 40,300 tons of carbon rods, as well as a variety of non-ferrous precious metals recycling value is higher. Some people calculate that even if we just recycle half of them, we can reach a profit of 20,000/day, and the annual profit of national battery recycling can reach more than 700 million dollars. Due to administrative fines, raising the production cost of ordinary batteries, and thus have to raise the sales price of ordinary batteries, and then people will choose cost-effective new batteries, which is conducive to the renewal of batteries, thus promoting the upgrading of the battery industry. From the other side is also to improve the profit margin of the new battery.
5. Analysis of China's waste battery processing capacity
China's economic strength continues to grow, not only to attract foreign enterprises, but also led to the development of China's local enterprises flourish, China's economic activity is active and angry, in the face of China's huge market demand, waste battery recycling and utilization of enterprises have a strong viability, such as: a battery recycling company in Guangzhou can recycle and process old batteries 20T / day, and the battery recycling company can recycle and process old batteries 20T / day, and the battery recycling company can recycle and process old batteries 20T / day. Processing of old batteries 20T / day, but only recycled to 15T / year, and most of the batteries are seized from the customs. For example: Beijing, a foreign-funded battery recycling enterprises, can reach 150T / day of processing capacity, and the development of products with market prospects, but not enough waste batteries and had to import old batteries from abroad, but on the other hand, millions of tons of old batteries are landfilled in landfills. With China's annual production and sales of more than 15 billion batteries in a huge number of enterprises now can not be fully digested, it is gratifying that more and more processing enterprises now on the construction, I believe that with the continuous improvement of technology, processing capacity continues to improve, China's waste battery processing enterprises have enough processing capacity.
5. Comparative analysis of recycling technology with foreign countries
Currently, the recycling technology of foreign developed countries is generally more advanced than that of our country, which is determined by the specific historical conditions, our country in a short period of time the rapid development of many of the technologies and equipment to reach or close to the advanced level of foreign countries. For example, the recycling process of waste batteries in Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, is physical-chemical normal temperature harmless treatment, advanced technology, reliable, and basically meets the requirements of industrialization, providing technical support for the harmless treatment and comprehensive utilization of waste batteries in China. China has its own unique advantages, first, the total amount of waste batteries in China is huge, which provides the basis for the market, second, China's human resources are abundant, the huge labor market provides low production costs; third, China has a deep scientific research strength, scientific research talents continue to emerge, to provide backup for China's scientific research; fourth, China is a centralized socialist country, the state's policies are better implemented and managed, greatly mobilizing the enthusiasm of production.
6. Conclusion
After detailed analysis and argumentation, we can conclude that China can vigorously recycle and utilize waste batteries. Recycling and utilization of waste in addition to the huge economic benefits, there are huge environmental benefits. Specifically manifested in: the recovery of waste batteries intuitively manifested in the reduction of waste batteries and other solid waste on the environment caused by the impact and pressure; at the same time, beautify the environment, reduce the atmosphere, water, soil and other pollution, very well protect people's physical and mental health.
7. Treatment of waste water and waste gas generated in the recycling process of waste batteries
The comprehensive utilization of waste batteries can be taken to cleaner production management model, adjust the product structure, comprehensive recycling. In the battery manufacturing industry to vigorously carry out green projects conducive to environmental protection and resource recycling, the establishment of green mark, green products and so on. But waste batteries in the recycling process inevitably produce wastewater waste gas, which is the production process must face the problem, we improve the level of technology at the same time, but also to actively do a good job in the management of wastewater waste gas, to avoid secondary pollution.
China's annual production of batteries has reached 14 billion to 15 billion, the annual consumption of 9 billion, accounting for 1/4 of the world's production. waste batteries discarded or improperly buried, too long will cause mercury, nickel, lead, chromium and other hazardous substances dispersed. These harmful substances on the groundwater source and soil damage is huge, a one battery leachate is enough to make 1 square meter of soil loss of agricultural value, and a button battery can pollute 600,000 liters of water (which is a person's lifetime of water consumption). Obviously, the recycling and disposal of old batteries can never be "small" view. The hazards of waste batteries are obvious to all ****, if this is indifferent, the ultimate injury can only be our own homes. Only you and I work together, starting from me, so that environmental protection has become a habit of life, in order to make the waste battery recycling work smoothly.
In our country, the recovery of waste rechargeable batteries, must be manually sorted, pick out the nickel-cadmium batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries and lithium batteries, and then were loaded into sturdy plastic drums, sealed and put into the rain-proof, sun-proof, fire-proof, theft-proof specialized warehouses for safekeeping. It is estimated that the collected waste batteries need to be stored temporarily for a certain period of time before they can be processed. Disposable dry batteries need to reach a certain amount of resource reuse before there are profits to be made. The current treatment countermeasure is to the sanitary landfill for centralized and harmless landfill, to be taken out for recycling when the technology matures.
It is understood that, according to the service life of the battery and electronic equipment update rate estimates, Shenzhen each year the number of waste rechargeable batteries generated is quite alarming, reaching 50 to 100 tons / year. Waste battery pollution in the heavy rechargeable batteries, they contain lead can damage the blood circulation system, digestive system and nervous system, cadmium can cause kidney damage, bone softening and other serious diseases. Because of the potential heavy metal pollution and organic pollution of waste batteries, waste battery pollution in recent years has aroused widespread concern among the public, the media and environmental management departments, developed countries are very positive attitude towards waste battery recycling:
Japan: Hokkaido Nomura Kogyo Company annually from the national acquisition of waste batteries amounted to 13,000 tons, accounting for 20% of the country's discarded batteries, the collection of 93% of the way through the civil The collection method is 93% through private environmental organizations, 7% through the collection of manufacturers. In the past, the main recovery of mercury, but now Japan's domestic batteries do not contain mercury, the main recovery of the battery's iron shell and the "black" raw materials, and secondary product development and manufacturing, such as one of the products can be used for television tubes.
Germany: consumers will be required to use up dry cell batteries, button batteries and other types of batteries sent to the store or waste recycling station for recycling, stores and waste recycling stations must unconditionally accept used batteries, and forwarded to manufacturers for recycling. Waste recycling stations and manufacturers generally only recycled batteries containing cadmium, mercury and toxic chemicals, while 90% of ordinary zinc-carbon batteries and aluminum-magnesium batteries are disposed of in landfills or incinerated as household garbage.
Switzerland: One factory treats old batteries thermally by grinding them up and sending them to a furnace to be heated to extract the volatile mercury and zinc, which are precious metals. The iron and manganese are fused together to make a manganese-iron alloy for steelmaking. The plant can process 2,000 tons of used batteries a year, yielding 780 tons of ferromanganese alloy, 400 tons of zinc alloy and 3 tons of mercury.
The United States: the most detailed legislation in the environmental management of waste batteries in a country, not only the establishment of a comprehensive waste battery recycling system, and the establishment of a number of waste battery treatment plants, and at the same time unremitting publicity and education to the public, so that the public consciously support and cooperate with the recycling of waste batteries.