In the context of the surge in global carbon emissions and the accelerating warming of the global climate, the development of "green economy" has become a global hot spot. my country has also clearly listed the development of a green and low-carbon economy as a national strategy. Under such a general background, it has become national consciousness to promote economic structural adjustment through technological innovation and institutional innovation, thereby reducing high-carbon energy consumption and achieving the goal of environmental protection and economic development as soon as possible. Manufacturing is a pillar industry of the national economy, and its development is directly related to the lifeblood of the country. Whether the manufacturing industry has "green genes" is of great significance to the sustained and healthy development of the entire national economy.
1. The origin and development of green manufacturing
After the Copenhagen Climate Conference, low-carbon economy has become the focus of global attention. Countries are increasingly demanding the creation of a good social form that is energy-saving and environmentally friendly. Green Manufacturing has gradually become an advanced manufacturing process due to its reduction in resource requirements and improvement in manufacturing efficiency, and has attracted the attention of various countries. For the entire society, green manufacturing can alleviate the current situation of global energy depletion, make better use of effective resources, reduce resource consumption and waste, reduce environmental pollution, and provide guarantee for creating a harmonious society and promoting sustainable development.
In 1996, the international environmental management system standards IS04001 and IS04004 were promulgated one after another. They organically combine the mandatory requirements of environmental management with the voluntary requirements of improving the ecological environment and human living environment, which is conducive to the international community to find The basis and correct approach for the coordinated development of economy and environment ensure the healthy and sustainable development of the economy in the new century. The proposal of international environmental management standards is the guideline for enterprises to develop the green manufacturing industry. For enterprises, the basic concept of green manufacturing is also an important means and method to reduce costs and increase benefits.
The proposal and application of green manufacturing concepts in our country is an inevitable trend of the scientific outlook on development. However, the application of green manufacturing concepts in our country is still in the preliminary development stage and requires continuous innovation and development in future applications to enable Green manufacturing better serves the machinery manufacturing industry, saves energy for my country's modernization construction, and accelerates the internationalization process of my country's machinery manufacturing industry. Green manufacturing has not only become common sense in various countries and regions around the world, but has also been practiced in many regions and has been listed as the economic development strategy of many countries (regions).
The concept of low-carbon economy was first proposed by the United Kingdom in 2003 in its energy white paper "Our Energy Future: Creating a Low-Carbon Economy". Low-carbon economy is a new economic development model that is characterized by low energy consumption, low pollution, low emissions, high energy efficiency, high profits, and high benefits, and achieves greater output with less greenhouse gas emissions.
It can be said that low-carbon economy is the basic pursuit of green manufacturing, and an important goal of green manufacturing is to create a low-carbon economy. The two are closely related and are both the main components of the concept of sustainable development.
Conceptually, a low-carbon economy is guided by the concept of sustainable development and uses technological innovation, institutional innovation, industrial transformation and other means to reduce high-carbon energy consumption and greenhouse gases as much as possible. Emissions are a form of economic development that achieves a win-win situation between economic and social development and ecological and environmental protection. This itself requires the use of many basic tools and processes of green manufacturing, smart manufacturing and advanced manufacturing. Therefore, exploring green manufacturing from the perspective of low-carbon economy has a clearer goal.
2. The layout of the green manufacturing strategic plan: "Made in China 2025"
Over the past 30 years of reform and opening up, the total volume and overall level of my country's manufacturing industry have continued to increase, and the demand for resources has continued to increase. It is also increasing day by day that the rough manufacturing level can no longer meet the needs of the new era. Green manufacturing was born based on this concept. At the beginning of this century, my country began to strengthen planning guidance, improve support policies, and incorporate green economy, low-carbon economic development concepts and related development goals into various "five-year" plans and related industrial development plans. For example, through the formulation of the "Energy Saving and Environmental Protection Industry Development Plan", "Emerging Energy Industry Development Plan", "Guiding Opinions on Developing Low-Carbon Economy", "Opinions on Accelerating the Implementation of Contract Energy Management to Promote the Development of Energy-saving Service Industry", etc., we have formulated policies to promote the development of green economy and low-carbon economy. fiscal, taxation, financial, price and other incentive policies.
"Made in China 2025" (hereinafter referred to as the "Plan") was signed and approved by Premier Li Keqiang and announced by the State Council in May 2015. Some scholars call it the Chinese version of the "Industry 4.0" plan. The plan proposes a "three-step" strategy to achieve the strategic goal of becoming a manufacturing power. Among them, entering the ranks of manufacturing powers by 2025 is the first stage goal. Our country is still in the process of industrialization, and there is still a big gap compared with advanced countries. At present, our country's key core technologies and high-end equipment are highly dependent on foreign countries. The manufacturing innovation system with enterprises as the main body is imperfect, and the most critical thing is resources. Energy utilization efficiency is low and environmental pollution problems are prominent. Therefore, the focus on green manufacturing is self-evident. The plan proposes to adhere to sustainable development as an important focus in building a manufacturing powerhouse, strengthen the promotion and application of energy-saving and environmentally friendly technologies, processes, and equipment, comprehensively promote clean production, develop a circular economy, improve resource recycling efficiency, build a green manufacturing system, and move towards The development path of ecological civilization.
The plan also proposes that the goals by 2025 are: the overall quality of the manufacturing industry has been significantly improved, innovation capabilities have been significantly enhanced, labor productivity of all employees has been significantly improved, and the integration of the two informatizations (industrialization and informatization) has reached a new level. . The energy consumption, material consumption and pollutant emissions per unit of industrial added value in key industries have reached the world's advanced level. A number of multinational companies and industrial clusters with strong international competitiveness have been formed, and their status in the global industrial division of labor and value chain has been significantly improved. In order to achieve the above goals, the following deployments are planned to comprehensively implement green manufacturing.
First, increase the research and development of advanced energy-saving and environmentally friendly technologies, processes and equipment, accelerate the green transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry; actively promote low-carbonization, recycling and intensification, improve the efficiency of manufacturing resource utilization; strengthen products Full life cycle green management, and strive to build an efficient, clean, low-carbon, and circular green manufacturing system.
The second is to accelerate the green transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry. Comprehensively promote the green transformation of traditional manufacturing industries such as steel, non-ferrous metals, chemicals, building materials, light industry, printing and dyeing, and vigorously develop and promote waste heat and pressure recovery, water recycling, heavy metal pollution reduction, replacement of toxic and harmful raw materials, waste residue recycling, desulfurization, denitrification and dust removal and other green process technology equipment, and accelerate the application of clean and efficient casting, forging, welding, surface treatment, cutting and other processing technologies to achieve green production. Strengthen the research and development and application of green products, promote lightweight, low-power consumption, easy-to-recycle and other technologies, continue to improve the energy efficiency of end-use energy products such as motors, boilers, internal combustion engines and electrical appliances, and accelerate the elimination of outdated mechanical and electrical products and technologies. Actively lead the green development of emerging industries from a high starting point, significantly reduce the energy consumption and restricted substance content in the production and use of electronic information products, build green data centers and green base stations, and vigorously promote the green and low-carbon development of new materials, new energy, high-end equipment, and biological industries. .
The third is to promote efficient recycling of resources. Support enterprises to strengthen technological innovation and management, enhance green and lean manufacturing capabilities, and significantly reduce energy, material and water consumption levels. Continue to increase the rate of green and low-carbon energy use, carry out the construction of distributed green smart microgrids in industrial parks and enterprises, and control and reduce fossil energy consumption. Comprehensively implement circular production methods and promote the creation of links, mutual supply of raw materials, and sharing of resources between enterprises, parks, and industries. Promote the standardized and large-scale development of the resource recycling industry, strengthen technical and equipment support, and improve the comprehensive utilization level of bulk industrial solid waste, scrap metal, and discarded electrical and electronic products. Vigorously develop the remanufacturing industry, implement high-end remanufacturing, intelligent remanufacturing, and in-service remanufacturing, promote product certification, and promote the sustainable and healthy development of the remanufacturing industry.
The fourth is to actively build a green manufacturing system. Support enterprises to develop green products, promote ecological design, significantly improve the energy-saving, environmentally friendly and low-carbon level of products, and guide green production and green consumption. Build green factories to achieve intensification of factories, harmless raw materials, clean production, waste recycling, and low-carbon energy. Develop green parks, promote industrial coupling in industrial parks, and achieve near-zero emissions. Create a green supply chain, accelerate the establishment of a resource-saving and environmentally friendly procurement, production, marketing, recycling and logistics system, and implement the extended producer responsibility system. Strengthen green enterprises and support them in implementing green strategies, green standards, green management and green production. Strengthen green supervision, improve energy conservation and environmental protection regulations and standard systems, strengthen energy conservation and environmental protection supervision, implement a corporate social responsibility reporting system, and carry out green evaluations.
3. Typical practices in the field of green manufacturing
1. The technology research and development incentive policies represented by Hangzhou, Lianyungang, etc. fully implement green manufacturing, promote industrial transformation and upgrading, and achieve green Circular low-carbon development, technological progress and innovation will remain one of the decisive factors. Technology research and development encouragement policies are to realize the coordinated development of technology, standards, and industries through breakthroughs in key technologies such as green design, energy-saving and emission reduction processes, green recycling and remanufacturing, and green manufacturing technology standards, thereby promoting the manufacturing industry. Green development. The "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" for the development of green manufacturing technology proposes to meet the needs of pillar industries of the national economy such as automobiles, machinery, home appliances, and process industries, as well as the needs of emerging industries in the circular economy such as the dismantling and recycling of used household appliances and electronic products, and equipment remanufacturing. , carry out research on basic theories and innovative technologies of green manufacturing, and develop typical green new products, new processes, and new equipment. "Made in China 2025" also emphasizes that to comprehensively promote the green transformation of traditional manufacturing industries such as steel, non-ferrous metals, chemicals, building materials, papermaking, printing and dyeing, it is necessary to accelerate the research and development of a new generation of recyclable process technology, and vigorously develop and promote energy-efficient utilization, pollution reduction, etc. Process technology with functions such as quantification, waste resource utilization and harmless treatment.
When Hangzhou City comprehensively implements green manufacturing, it insists on using green technology research and development as a breakthrough. The "Guiding Opinions on Accelerating the Promotion of Intelligent Manufacturing in Hangzhou to Promote Industrial Transformation and Development" points out that to comprehensively implement green manufacturing, we must increase the research and development of advanced energy-saving and environmentally friendly technologies, processes and equipment, and accelerate the green transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry. Jiangsu Province focuses on the development of energy-saving and environmental protection equipment such as intelligent sorting of solid waste, intelligent dust removal, air pollution prevention and control, and sewage treatment. It focuses on promoting the construction of R&D institutions such as enterprise technology centers and engineering technology (research) centers, and promotes qualified enterprises. Establish overseas R&D institutions, actively build green intelligent manufacturing platforms, and develop green manufacturing technologies. When developing green manufacturing technology, Lianyungang City adheres to the principle of "integrating the military and civilians and integrating the military with the civilians", giving full play to the technological advantages of military industrial enterprises, strengthening the transfer and docking of civilian technologies, and promoting the development of integrated military-civilian industries.
2. Encouragement policies for technological transformation represented by Wuxi, Chengdu, Tianjin, etc.
Encouraging local enterprises to carry out green manufacturing through technological transformation is an effective measure to implement green manufacturing projects. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and other departments have carried out a lot of work in accelerating the transformation and upgrading of traditional manufacturing industries and establishing an efficient, clean, low-carbon and cyclic green manufacturing system through technological transformation, such as comprehensively promoting energy efficient utilization, pollution reduction, Process technology with functions such as waste resource utilization and harmless treatment, actively adopt advanced equipment such as high-efficiency motors and boilers, and transform traditional manufacturing processes with efficient green production technology and equipment.
Among the practices of various places, Wuxi City’s model of helping enterprises save energy and reduce emissions through contract energy management is worth learning from. In 2015, Wuxi City conducted in-depth research on the potential of five major energy-saving transformations: central air conditioning, industrial kilns, waste heat and pressure, green lighting, and motors for 329 key energy-consuming enterprises in the city, thereby sorting out key contract energy management projects and reducing energy costs. , an energy-saving business method to pay for the entire cost of energy-saving projects, and promote enterprises to implement green production. For example, Wuxi Junchuang Energy Technology Co., Ltd. is a company that specializes in helping companies implement energy-saving transformation. In its energy-saving plan for Green Point Technology's Wuxi factory, it changed lighting equipment to LED lights and renovated central air conditioners, saving the company money. With a large capital cost, only the energy-saving renovation of the central air-conditioning system will bring the energy-saving rate to nearly 30%, saving at least 16 million kilowatt-hours of electricity every year.
Chengdu has achieved good results in promoting technological transformation and cleaner production of enterprises through a series of financial subsidy policies. Focusing on Chengdu’s industrial “1313” development strategy, electronic information, rail transit, automobile and other industries will receive priority support, aerospace, biomedicine, new energy, new materials, energy conservation and environmental protection industries will accelerate development, metallurgy, food, building materials, light The industrial industry will develop optimally. In order to vigorously promote cleaner production and improve the level of green development, enterprises can receive subsidies of up to RMB 10 million for technological transformation.
Tianjin gradually promotes technological transformation through pilots and demonstrations in key enterprises and key areas.
For example, by actively carrying out electrostatic dust removal and bag dust removal pilot projects, large refining and chemical companies took the lead in completing the desulfurization transformation of refining equipment; key steel companies completed the desulfurization and dust removal transformation of sintering machines; cement and other enterprises completed production-based denitrification treatment. Another example is vigorously promoting medium-temperature and low-voltage power generation technology in the steel industry, and gradually promoting it to the entire industry on the basis of pilot projects by enterprises; accelerating the construction of a circular industrial system, establishing a number of industrial circular economy demonstration projects in the chemical industry, steel, and building materials industries, and building a material Eco-industrial system with full recycling capabilities, establish a circular economy chain, reduce the emission level of waste water, waste gas and solid waste; actively develop the remanufacturing industry, with products such as auto parts, engineering machinery, machine tools, large industrial equipment, motors, etc. Focusing on key parts and components, we will build a number of remanufacturing demonstration projects and demonstration bases to promote the large-scale development of the remanufacturing industry.
3. Cluster green development incentive policies represented by Changsha, Kunming, Guangdong, etc.
In terms of promoting green manufacturing by enterprises in parks or agglomeration areas, the most successful ones are Changsha Economic Development Zone. The Changsha Economic Development Zone Management Committee will enjoy reward policies based on relevant standards for park enterprises that have obtained various environmental protection certifications. The purpose is to encourage the agglomeration of enterprises to form a green manufacturing industry cluster and promote the comprehensive implementation of the entire green manufacturing project. For example, after the Changsha factory of Shanghai Volkswagen has obtained the three-star certification of the National Green Building Design Logo, and the factory's energy-saving and environmental protection facilities have been completed and put into use, the Changsha Economic Development Zone will refer to the relevant policies of ecological civilization construction, according to the factory's energy-saving and environmental protection 5% of the total investment in facilities and equipment will be given to enterprises with a subsidy of 18 million yuan.
Kunming City and Guangdong Province promote the green development of key industrial parks through the construction of circular economy. Kunming City vigorously promotes the development of circular economy in industrial parks, promotes ecological transformation, promotes the application of green manufacturing and low-carbon technologies, strengthens the conservation and recycling of resources through industrial circular economy work, and assists the construction of resource-saving and environmentally friendly enterprises. . Guangdong Province allocates certain special funds every year from the provincial special funds for energy conservation and circular economy to support key industrial parks (including various development zones, high-tech zones, provincial industrial transfer industrial parks, industrial clusters, etc. established in accordance with the law), and improves resources by establishing Statistical system for consumption and recycling of resources, as well as accelerating the promotion and application of new technologies, new processes, and new equipment for circular economy, establishing circular economy pilots, and proposing to cultivate 20 provincial circular economy industrial parks and 30 circular economy industrial bases by 2015 (Including "urban mineral" demonstration base, remanufacturing pilot unit, etc.).
4. Incentive policies for green manufacturing system construction represented by Jiangsu, Yunnan, etc. In accordance with "Made in China 2025", the comprehensive implementation of green manufacturing must build a "4+2" green manufacturing system. Among them, "4" mainly refers to developing green products, building green factories, developing green parks, and building green supply chains; "2" mainly refers to strengthening green enterprises and strengthening green supervision. In this regard, both Jiangsu and Yunnan have some good practices.
Jiangsu Province’s construction of a green manufacturing system mainly includes the following aspects: First, by adopting green technologies and equipment in key industries to form key demonstration projects. For example, the implementation of the remanufacturing demonstration project supports enterprises to carry out the remanufacturing of automobile engines, gearboxes, generators and other parts, as well as the remanufacturing of engineering machinery, industrial electrical equipment, machine tools, mining machinery, railway locomotive equipment, ships and office information equipment. The second is to increase financial support and implement preferential tax policies. For example, projects that are in line with the encouragement of intelligent and green transformation will be exempted from relevant construction administrative fees and government funds. The third is to implement differentiated resource pricing policies.
The highlight of Yunnan Province’s construction of a green manufacturing system is the comprehensive promotion of green manufacturing and low-carbon development in various industries and fields through demonstration projects. For example, we will comprehensively promote energy conservation and consumption reduction in key areas such as construction, transportation, commerce, rural areas, and public institutions; we will accelerate the formation of an energy-saving management system that integrates energy-saving management, enforcement supervision, and energy-saving services.
For more information about engineering/service/purchasing tender document writing and production to improve the bid winning rate, you can click on the official website customer service at the bottom for free consultation: /#/?source=bdzd