Internal audit is established according to the inherent needs of the organization, as the self-restraint mechanism of the enterprise, it has become an important part of the modern enterprise system, and is an important means for the enterprise to improve the internal control, serious financial discipline, improve the management and improve the economic efficiency. The following is a case study paper on auditing that I have organized for you for your reference.
Auditing case study paper example 1: the application of risk-oriented internal audit in circulation enterprisesAbstract: Along with the development and growth of China's circulation enterprises, the research and practice of risk-oriented internal auditing has gradually become the key to constrain the strength and refinement of this type of enterprise. According to the current application of risk-oriented internal audit in the circulation of enterprises, this paper looks for the implementation of the audit process is prone to problems and puts forward relevant suggestions for improvement, aimed at effectively controlling various types of risk, improve the efficiency of internal control, to ensure the stable development of the enterprise.
Keywords: risk-based internal audit; distribution enterprises; risk management; internal control
I. Definition of Risk-Based Internal Audit
Risk-based internal audit ① refers to the internal auditor in the auditing process, through the identification and assessment of enterprise risk, to determine the scope of internal audit and key concerns, evaluation and improvement of risk management and internal control, so as to achieve enterprise value-added, internal control, and to enhance the effectiveness of internal control. The internal audit process is a series of activities in which the internal auditor evaluates and improves the risk management and internal control of the enterprise by identifying and assessing the risks and determining the scope and focus of the internal audit, so as to realize the added value of the enterprise and improve the operation and management of the organization.
Second, the application of risk-oriented internal audit in the circulation of enterprises
Circulation of enterprises is the circulation of various types of intermediaries, including wholesale enterprises, retail enterprises and logistics enterprises of the three types of enterprises. The main economic function of the circulation enterprise is to reduce transaction costs, improve transaction efficiency, and promote the exchange of economic development and social welfare. Generally speaking, the organization and personnel structure of distribution enterprises are relatively simple, and the scale of enterprises is relatively small. The role of risk-oriented internal auditing in distribution enterprises mainly includes:
(a) Reducing operational risks and improving operational efficiencyThe implementation of risk-oriented internal auditing can reasonably ensure that the logistics of the distribution enterprise, the flow of business, the flow of information and the flow of funds, and effectively avoid the risk of loss of goods, the breakage of the capital chain, and so on, which is beneficial to the distribution enterprise to tap the internal potential and improve the efficiency of the operation.
(2) standardize the internal control of enterprises to implement risk-oriented internal audit is conducive to the accurate evaluation of the integrity of the internal control system of the circulation of enterprises to establish the integrity and reasonableness of the effectiveness of the implementation of the internal control to help enterprises to find internal control deficiencies, to put forward proposals for improvement, and to promote the continuous standardization of the internal control of enterprises.
Third, the implementation of risk-based internal auditing in the circulation of enterprises is prone to problems
(a) the lack of sufficient independence with the changes in the overall business environment, the internal audit in the organization more and more by the board of directors and managers to pay attention to the independence of the internal audit has improved. However, due to China's internal audit department is usually led by the general manager or chief accountant, in the smaller circulation enterprises and even by the deputy general manager in charge of business leadership, and audit funding is usually decided by the management, resulting in internal audit vulnerable to the influence of the will of the management, so that the independence of the internal audit to play a certain discount.
(ii) Risk management awareness and skills are not enough risk management awareness and skills level is the risk-oriented internal audit can successfully achieve the established goals of the necessary conditions. Many of our circulation enterprises lack sufficient awareness of risk management, often in a state of passive acceptance of risk. At the same time, the audit process, by the number of people and capacity constraints, risk assessment links often use qualitative analysis rather than quantitative analysis, resulting in risk management is not obvious.
(C) The use of information technology in internal auditing is relatively backward in the implementation of risk-oriented internal auditing, usually with the help of information technology to carry out sampling, risk assessment, analytical review and other specific audit operations. This not only saves time and energy, but also greatly improves the accuracy of the audit operations and avoids non-subjective operational errors of the auditors. However, the use of computer-aided auditing technology in China's circulation enterprises is still relatively backward, from the financial and other advantageous industries there is still a certain gap.
(D) the internal audit staff knowledge structure is relatively single at present most of the circulation of the internal audit staff for the origin, knowledge structure is relatively single, in the implementation of risk-oriented internal audit, the depth and breadth of the project to carry out the remaining insufficient, resulting in the audit of the target of the recommendations, the applicability of the audit is not strong enough, the audit effect is often unable to meet the expectations.
Four, improve China's circulation enterprise risk-oriented internal audit recommendations
(a) optimize the internal audit institutions set up enterprise internal audit institutions set up the rationality of the direct impact of the independence of internal audit. Once the independence of the internal audit flaws, it is very easy to cause the internal audit supervision and control of the role can not be reflected. Therefore, in the circulation of enterprises to gradually optimize the setup of internal audit institutions, improve the status of the audit department, try to avoid being responsible for the operation or business work of the company's leadership in charge of internal audit work, in order to better safeguard the independence of the internal audit, authority.
(ii) promote the professionalization of internal audit construction optimization of the audit business cultivation mechanism to guide the internal audit staff to learn and understand the main business related to the circulation of the various business management system, and through the practice of auditing to achieve the learning; familiar with the accounting, auditing, enterprise internal control and risk management, legal, tax, information technology, and other aspects of the knowledge, and constantly update their professional knowledge to improve the comprehensive quality The company has also been able to cultivate both business and professional composite talents.
(C) the establishment of long-term risk management mechanism to improve the circulation of enterprise risk-oriented internal audit, the premise is the formation of internal risk identification, risk assessment, risk response and other matching risk management long-term mechanism. First of all, comprehensively identify the various risks that may arise in the process of operation and management of the circulation enterprise, and categorize the risks; secondly, according to the possibility of the occurrence of risks and the degree of impact on the risk assessment and ranking, to determine the need to focus on the risk of control; again, for the study of the various risk points to form a specific response to the effective management and control of the risk; and finally, to try to establish a risk warning mechanism for the key business and key links, to realize the risk beforehand and during the process. The company's main goal is to provide the best possible service to its customers.
(D) strengthen internal control management enterprise internal control design rationality and implementation of the effectiveness of risk-oriented internal audit has always been the focus of attention. To strengthen the internal control management of the circulation of enterprises, first of all, should be respectively from the external environment and the internal environment to start, under the issuance of various types of rules and regulations, control documents to regulate the specific control measures; secondly, to rationalize the arrangement of internal control activities, do a good job of incompatible job separation, authorization and approval of the design of the control to ensure that the work of each post can be followed, the responsibility is clear; finally, through the implementation of the risk-oriented Finally, through the implementation of risk-oriented internal audit of the enterprise's internal control situation for continuous monitoring, independent evaluation, to ensure the effective play of the role of internal control.
References:
[1] (English) Phil? Griffiths by the People's Bank of China Department of Internal Audit translation. Risk-oriented internal auditing [M]. Beijing: China Finance Press, 2014, 5(1).
[2]Wang Guangyuan. Inward-looking management auditing:from control-oriented to risk-oriented[J]. Journal of the Month, 2009(07):3-4.
[3]Xu Yuanling. Risk-oriented internal audit application research[J]. Research, 2008(07):72-74.
Auditing case study essay example 2: college dean economic responsibility audit analysisSummary: This paper takes the dean of XX College of University W (for external dean) as an example of the mid-term and tenure of the economic responsibility audit project, analyzes the refinement of the scientific audit methodology, summarizes the auditing experience and the auditing work. This paper analyzes and refines the scientific auditing method, summarizes the auditing experience and inspiration for auditing work, and aims to promote the application and transformation of auditing results, as well as to promote the innovation of auditing theory and technical methods.
Keywords: university faculty; economic responsibility audit; internal audit; internal control
I. Case background
(a) the basis and objectives of the audit project according to the "W University of the middle level of the main leading cadres and business leaders in the audit of economic responsibility regulations", commissioned by the school party committee organization department (the dean of the college in the school organization department at the beginning of the year under the leading cadres of the proposed list of audit subjects letter. Economic responsibility audit object suggestion list letter), mainly for the college president during his term of office, the fulfillment of economic responsibility, including the president of the contract of appointment and the goal of the task book related to the completion of economic indicators, the college's business income and expenditure, budget completion, economic decision-making procedures, as well as the economic management of the situation for the audit.
(2) Basic information of the college The college is a secondary college of the Department of Engineering of the University of W. It was established in 2001, with three first-level disciplines, 142 faculty members, and nearly 1,600 students. The dean of the college is an external dean openly recruited from overseas, and the period of this audit is from July 2010 to June 2014.
(c) Pre-audit investigation The audit team established the audit focus by studying the College's last internal audit report, pre-audit investigation and assessment of audit risk, specifically: the procedures and effects of the College's important economic decision-making, internal control measurements, including the College's management of the affiliated technical sub-colleges, the signing of the contract for the co-operation of the school and income management, and the management of scientific research funds.
Second, the audit process and methodology
After the pre-audit investigation and preparation of the audit program, and was approved by the leadership of the Division, the audit team will be in accordance with the audit program to implement the steps to implement the audit, mainly to carry out the forensic work on the areas of higher risk:
(a) important economic decision-making procedures and effects through the economic responsibility audit of the debriefing report, the public review meeting, as well as the meeting of the recycled Dean of the economic responsibility audit questionnaire, the audit team learned that the Dean of the College did not discuss the budget presentation and notification of the final accounts in the joint meeting of the party and government of the College, and the management of the College and the technical branch established by the cooperative institutions have not been discussed in the leadership of the College, the audit team that the College's decision-making on important economic matters has not been sufficiently democratic.
(ii) the signing of cooperative school contracts and revenue management of the college in the web page published a master's degree program in engineering enrollment briefs, and at the request of the audit team, to provide a variety of colleges, including master's degree and continuing education enrollment scale data, but the college business department accounts but not the master's degree program of the income of the tuition fee, the auditors combined with the understanding of the situation of the previous cooperation with another college to run the college, judging the existence of a similar cooperative college matters. The auditor combined with the previous understanding of another college's cooperative education situation, judged that the college has similar cooperative education matters, and the income from cooperative education is likely to be circulated outside the body, forming a small treasury. small treasury. When the audit team inquired, asked for the relevant school contract agreement, the college audit contact denied, after careful combing of other colleges of similar matters and thinking, and finally found that type of cooperation in school matters ****, and in this way to find the financial chain, the audit ultimately finalized, and the cooperation of the college of the intermediary company's legal representative of the college of a teacher, the company's business in the college's teaching office building; from From 2009 to 2012, the intermediary company from the GR College received nearly 5 million yuan of management fees to run the class, followed by the payment of more than 2 million yuan to the College, the College is all used for the end of the year benefits issued by the faculty and staff.
(3) research fund management audit team in the college department electronic account set of the screening of the research collaboration fee, labor expenses, combined with the original bookkeeping vouchers of the review, found that the college of a teacher's horizontal scientific research project to the spouse of the company registered in the payment of scientific research collaboration fee * * * * counted 1,510,000 yuan in several installments, the subject group also failed to provide the funds to spend with the content of the scientific research projects. The subject group also failed to provide supporting materials for the relevance of the expenditure of funds to the content of the research project. The discovery of this important audit trail, due to the teacher's spouse in the project group and outsourcing companies were tasked with staff and company law, and in the scientific research expenditure reimbursement and outsourcing contracts as the legal representative of the associated companies are signed, confirmed, and left the written documentary evidence.
(d) College management of affiliated companies in recent years, the second level of colleges and universities have set up a technology development limited company, the performance of the college was established, the holding, the college leadership as the company's legal representative, and the college's management of affiliated subsidiaries and business dealings with them, become faculties and departments of the economic responsibility of the audit of the matters of concern frequently occurring region. During the audit, according to the audit investigation to understand the situation, by the leadership of the Division study, the audit team was asked to extend the audit of the college's affiliated technical branch, the audit focused on the college's management of the technical branch. 2011, the college signed a memorandum of cooperation with the school's participation in the company B, set up a technical branch within the college, the company B committed to the annual allocation of the appropriate amount of money based on the volume of business *** with the undertaking to the college. The leadership of the division attached great importance to the matter and was involved in the audit field work. The audit ultimately found that there are obvious loopholes in the college's management of the technical branch, manifested in the following aspects:
1. The college did not provide true and complete audit information, as evidenced by the following: the submission of false expenditure details of Company B; the college in the two audits of economic responsibility (in office, term of office) submitted to the two "Interim Measures for the Management of the Technical Branch", the development of the same time, but the key terms and conditions of inconsistency; and not in accordance with the audit of the interim measures for the management of the technical branch of the college. Consistency; and did not provide the stub copy of the branch reimbursement form as required by the audit.
2. The technical branch did not implement the key positions of relatives avoidance system, the relevant internal control and control mechanism is missing; 3. The technical branch of the business management did not do the initiative to open, transparent. The specific performance: the development of the system without the college collective decision-making, related to the income and expenditure of funds in the college not to inform.
Third, the results of the audit and effectiveness
(a) audit results and recommendations based on the audit found that the audit team analyzed and summarized the college management, system construction deficiencies, the audit that the college should continue to improve the establishment of the internal control system system, the sound work, and strengthen the effectiveness of the system implementation. The audit group put forward several management suggestions, mainly: 1. Suggest that the College should earnestly implement the ? Threefold and one big? Collective decision-making system, establish and improve the college rules of procedure and decision-making procedures, and further implement the important economic matters must be collectively studied and decided by the college leadership team, standardize decision-making behavior, and guard against decision-making risks.2. Suggested that the college earnestly implement the "University of W to strengthen the management of scientific research funding implementation measures", and effectively carry out the responsibility of supervision of scientific research funding, guard against the risk of scientific research funding expenditures, and enhance the effectiveness of the use of funds.3. Suggested that The college to strengthen the management of the technical branch, standardize the management of branch business, the implementation of key positions relatives avoidance system, and effectively achieve business openness and transparency.
(ii) Audit effectiveness audit team in the first draft of the audit report for comment stage, as well as the economic responsibility of the audit report handover stage, and the leadership of the audited college on the audit of the rectification of matters of concern, the implementation of the audit recommendations to do further communication, the college in accordance with the requirements of the audit report, actively rectify and rectify, and timely submission of rectification reports.
1. With this opportunity to rectify and implement the work of the audit recommendations, the leadership of the college has focused on strengthening the ? Threefold and one big? The establishment and implementation of the collective decision-making system, rationalize the relationship between the College and the technical branch, Company B, the establishment of rules and regulations, standardize the operation and management of the College's technical branch.
2. For the management of scientific research funds, the college leadership interviewed the relevant scientific research project leader, emphasizing the direct responsibility of the person in charge of the project; at the same time, the person in charge of the scientific research project took the initiative to return the illegal transfer of the external funds to the school account, and in time to recover the school's economic losses, avoiding the school to accept the external review of the reputation risk faced. It can be seen that the internal audit in the implementation of the business, to help identify the effect of the second level of college in the implementation of internal control and problems, and to be prompted and urged to rectify, to reduce the inherent defects in the design of internal control, and implementation of the weak links, missing chain, plug the loopholes in the internal control system.
Fourth, thinking and inspiration
Through the analysis and reflection on the above audit projects and audit matters, the audit team summed up the following experience and methods for reference:
(a) in the audit site to flexibly use the appropriate ways and means to find audit clues to comprehensively collect information, comprehensive data analysis, not only to focus on the information, but also focus on business information. Both to be able to deal with formatted data, but also to deal with non-formatted data. By understanding and analyzing the ****ness of similar audit issues, find audit clues across the university, not confined to the analysis and review of individual colleges, other faculties, functional departments and other secondary units of the audit experience to become an internal audit can be accessed at any time the intelligent resource base.
(ii) Strict fulfillment of the economic responsibility audit procedures focuses on collecting information in a variety of ways such as questionnaires, symposiums, personnel interviews, etc., checking the minutes of the College's Joint Party and Government Meetings and Faculty Council meetings, and through the review of compliance, such as reviewing and evaluating the College's? Threefold and one big? The implementation of the collective decision-making system can provide clues for locating audit concerns.
(C) in the faculty economic responsibility audit embedded in the management of research funds audit will be sampling research project funds (including special) management embedded in their middle main leading cadres of the economic responsibility audit, especially for the generation of revenue to scientific research service-oriented faculty. Practice has shown that this audit model is effective in detecting irregularities and disciplinary cases, and in monitoring and promoting the compliant use of funds for research projects in colleges and universities.
(D) play the audit team's synergy effect audit team should be from multiple channels to collect audit project related information and data, *** with the analysis, research complex audit projects, the formation of synergy; internal audit is designed to promote the optimization of the rules for the organization to increase the value of must be free from the constraints of the complexity of the matter to enhance the ability to grasp the law for the operation of the school to provide insight, and practical development of the school to avoid risks and add value. The internal audit is designed to promote the optimization of the rules and add value to the organization.
V. Conclusion
In short, the successful implementation of complex audit projects, the key is to play the collective wisdom of the audit team, with the help of internal and external forces, the formation of synergy, to find the audit problem clues. In addition, the auditor's personal professional ability and comprehensive quality is also very important, should be flexible according to the actual situation, the development of efficient audit strategy and methodology, diligent thinking, good critical thinking mode, coupled with clear insights, in order to find solid audit evidence.
References:
[1]Zhang Xinhua. Research on Internal Audit Issues of Institutions under Modern Risk-Oriented Audit Model[J]. China Internal Audit, 2015(09).