Theories and Models of Community NursingAny independent and specialized discipline should have its own unique body of knowledge to guide the basis of practice.Nursing theories or models of nursing play an important role in guiding nursing practice. The following is a community nursing paper I have compiled for you for your reference.
Community Nursing Essay Sample Essay 1: Existing Problems and Development Countermeasures of Community Nursing
Abstract According to the existing problems in community nursing, such as: insufficient attention from the government, imperfect management system, lack of funds, insufficient resources, the social understanding of nursing is still stuck in the traditional concepts, the immaturity of some residents in health care consciousness, the lack of community nursing talents, the lack of community nursing management, and the lack of community nursing personnel, there is a lack of community nursing personnel. Community nursing management has been out of control. The lack of resources link and so on, put forward the corresponding development countermeasures: increase the government's supervision of community health services and financial investment, the establishment of diversified health care institutions, to determine the selection criteria for community nurses, standardized training for community nurses, efforts to improve the professional quality of community staff, to grasp the quality of community nursing management, the development of health care network and the community nursing management network and so on, so as to achieve the goal of community hospitals.
Keywords community nursing, problems, development countermeasures
Community nursing will expand the nursing service object from the patient to the health of the population, the scope of services from the hospital to the family and the community, and the content of the work from the help of the patient to restore health to the expansion of preventive health care and to improve the quality of life of the population and other aspects of the service. Community nursing plays a pivotal role in the development of health care in China, and is also an inevitable trend in the development of social health care.
1 Community nursing existing problems
1.1 The government does not attach enough importance to the management system is not perfect.
1.2 Lack of funds, insufficient resources The state's investment in health care services is insufficient, and the lack of funds has led to a number of service stations that only have basic medical equipment and lack of advanced medical equipment.
1.3 Society's understanding of nursing is still stuck in traditional concepts In most people's concepts, nursing is subordinate to medicine and is not an independent discipline. Nursing duties are considered to be mainly to assist doctors to complete the medical work, has not been elevated to the height of the promotion and maintenance of human physical and mental health, for the social value of nurses can not be fully recognized, especially for nurses independent and autonomous nursing services skeptical attitude. As a result, patients' subordination is low, which affects the development of community nursing.
1.4 Some residents have immature health care awareness and poor quality of life Community health services cannot be popularized, and the resources of community health services cannot be maximized.
1.5 Lack of community nursing talent The hard work and low treatment of community nursing, and even the difficulty of guaranteeing wages, is likely to dampen the enthusiasm of nurses. Most of the college nursing graduates have not yet got rid of the bad habits, resulting in community nursing staff generally not high education. In addition, due to the busy work of community nursing, resulting in standardized training and continuing education has not been paid much attention to, the lack of comprehensive general nurses.
1.6 Community nursing management has?
1.6 Community nursing management is out of control. link The number of community nurses, knowledge training is insufficient, community nursing experience and the ability to solve their health problems and resilience is uneven, there are also some nursing department basically do not care about the community nurses, so that the community nurses to provide the technology and services, there are varying degrees of insecurity, the community management of the constraints of the mechanism is imperfect, the lack of standardized community management.
2 Countermeasures for the development of community nursing
2.1 Increase the government's supervision of community health services and financial investment Improve the operation and management system of community nursing, increase the government's supervision of community health services. Develop strict management systems and measures to standardize, standardize and systematize community work; at the same time, pay attention to improving the working environment of community nursing staff, improve the quality and efficiency of community nursing work, and continuously improve the system and regulations on the professional qualification access of community nurses; equip advanced medical instruments and appropriately improve the treatment of community health care staff. 2.2 Establish diversified medical service organizations to promote the development of community nursing.
2.3 Determine the selection criteria for community nurses Community nurses are selected based on the following criteria: good health; good professional ethics and service attitude; with rich nursing experience; keen observation and good judgment, not afraid of hard work, high quality, affinity, are the backbone of the nurses, and after training and qualification, competition for the post. Nursing managers in the community in the selection of front-line staff, the requirements of a strong sense of responsibility, with a certain degree of management ability, can do to unite and motivate each nurse.
2.4 Standardized training for community nurses Nurse training includes nursing operation skills, specialty nursing technology. At the same time, the Department of Nursing should hold a monthly symposium with the participation of community service users and nurses*** to provide a communication platform for the two to ensure the improvement of the level of nursing services; actively carry out criticism and self-criticism among nurses, and strive to establish a good, healthy nurse-patient relationship; and hire psychologists to give lectures to enrich the nursing staff's knowledge of the society and humanities.
2.5 Efforts to improve the professional quality of community staff Increase the induction training for community nurses, so that nurses have the ability to independently determine the condition and the ability to identify various signs of danger. Further improve the curriculum content, but also to open the community nursing courses, broaden the knowledge of community nurses is a mandatory course.
2.6 Grasp the quality management of community nursing Quality management in community nursing is a difficult point, community nurses work with obvious independence and complexity, need to comprehensively utilize the natural sciences, social sciences and humanities and other aspects of knowledge, and combined with their own experience to complete the nursing work. Regular meetings are held every month to convey the spirit of the relevant documents, feedback on nursing problems, develop solutions, exchange nursing experience, improve work methods, and further improve the level of nursing services.
2.7 Development of health care network and community nursing management network, the establishment of community nursing service centers to achieve electronic call for help network, so that the diagnosis and treatment specifications and other resources within the large hospitals and community **** enjoy, the two are closely linked ? ***same body ? and realize a smooth? Referral channel? , self-contained system, supporting and operation and coordination, or should be hired large hospital experts in the community to sit and practice medicine, to provide residents with low-cost, nearby, convenient, fast health care services, so as to achieve the goal of community hospitals.
References
[1] Li Chunyu, Li Jianyuan. Reflections on community nursing education[J]. Chinese Nursing Journal,2001.
[2] Zhao Hongguang. Survey and analysis of nurses' stress[J]. Journal of Nursing, 2002,17(9):689-691.
Community Nursing Essay Sample 2: Community Nursing Care for Hypertensive DiseaseAbstract Summarize the community nursing care measures for hypertensive patients, including psychological care, dietary care, exercise and fitness guidance, expanding the scope of the investigation, regular monitoring of blood pressure, adherence to rational medication and health education lecture guidance. The study also summarizes the community care measures for hypertensive patients.
Keywords Hypertension, community care
Hypertension is characterized by high prevalence, serious complications, and a long period of prevention and treatment. There are many medications and preventive measures for hypertensive patients, and it is a long-term treatment and prevention process. Therefore, once suffering from hypertension, we must establish the idea of long-term treatment and long-term prevention to effectively control and reduce the occurrence of complications. From the experts' years of experience in prevention and treatment, for patients with primary hypertension, it is necessary to adhere to long-term antihypertensive treatment to control blood pressure at normal or basically normal levels in order to effectively control and minimize complications. Community nursing work can go deep into the patient's family to understand the patient's condition, and it plays an important role in the rehabilitation of hypertension and in daily care to effectively improve the patient's quality of life. After insisting on community nursing for hypertension, the effect is satisfactory. The results are satisfactory.
1 Clinical data
Selected community health centers in the jurisdiction of 270 hypertensive patients for community home management, the establishment of chronic disease management files, according to the condition of regular follow-up. Among them, 158 were male and 112 were female, aged 30-80 years old, and all of them met the diagnostic criteria of the World Health Organization (WHO) for hypertension.
2 community care
2.1 Psychological care A large number of studies have confirmed that hypertension is a psychosomatic disease, non-pharmacological treatment of hypertension has attracted widespread attention at home and abroad. Most hypertensive patients have different degrees of emotional agitation and anxiety or depression, and some patients have no complications, but the quality of life has decreased significantly. Nursing staff should, according to the patient's age, cultural level and individual characteristics, carry out targeted, patient and meticulous psychological care, explain the characteristics of hypertension to the patient, help the patient to treat the disease correctly, and maintain optimism and a calm state of mind. Advocate patients to choose their own sports, recreation and other cultural life, actively participate in social activities, talk to others about the confusion in their hearts, to get the understanding of their peers, to reduce the mental pressure, to maintain psychological balance, to improve the ability to cope with stress, and to avoid sudden emotional excitement, which will cause vasoconstriction and increase blood pressure.
2.2 Dietary care Dietary care is one of the basic methods to control hypertension. The diet of hypertensive patients should be low in salt, low in fat, low in sugar, low in meat and high in veggies, and low in high cholesterol food[1], such as animal offal, egg yolk, blackwater fish, etc. Eat more vegetables, fruits and grains, fresh vegetables about 500g per day, fruits about 100g per day, grains such as corn, oats, buckwheat and so on. Pay attention to supplement potassium and calcium, such as leafy greens, fresh milk, fresh fruits, soy products, etc., the daily amount of sodium salt does not exceed 6 g. Quit smoking and limit alcohol.
2.3 Exercise and fitness guidance Appropriate exercise can improve body resistance and promote blood circulation. Hypertensive patients should maintain appropriate physical activity and advocate aerobic exercise.
According to all the differences in scientific fitness, such as walking, swimming, jogging, generally in the early morning or 30 minutes after dinner, in order not to feel fatigue is appropriate. Long-term adherence to rehabilitation walking, help blood pressure stabilization decline. In addition, tai chi, qigong and other relaxation exercises can also slow down the tension, promote the recovery of hypertensive patients. Diet in order, regular living, get up on time to eat, ensure enough sleep time. 2.4 Expanding the scope of investigation Some data show that it is more effective to start prevention from the lower age group. In the past, most of the screening scope is in the group of people over 30 years old, while the group of people aged 18-30 years old is neglected. From the point of view of the first level of prevention of hypertension, if early detection, timely treatment, strengthening follow-up, and removing some undesirable factors that may be accompanied by, it can play a multiplier effect in preventing and controlling the complications of hypertension caused by the heart, brain, and kidney. The effect is twice as effective as the other half.
2.5 Regular monitoring of blood pressure In community nursing, patients and their families are taught how to measure blood pressure at home and the normal value, so as to develop the habit of self-monitoring blood pressure. Measurement of blood pressure should be done in a fixed position, a fixed part, a fixed sphygmomanometer, a fixed time, and will monitor the results of a good record, which is conducive to evaluating the effectiveness of the treatment, to provide reference for further treatment. If patients do not have the conditions to measure blood pressure at home, they should go to the nearby community health service station to measure blood pressure regularly. Regular monitoring of lipids, blood glucose, electrocardiogram changes.
2.6 Adherence to reasonable medication Let the patient realize the importance of adherence to medication [2], can consciously follow the doctor's orders to take medication, to inform the name of the drug in detail, the dosage, the use of medicines, therapeutic efficacy, emphasize the regularity of the medication, do not add their own medication or suddenly stop taking medication, and to understand the side-effects of the medication, when the side-effects of the report to the doctor in a timely manner to adjust the medication, and to develop a good daily morning preparation for the day's medications, put them into the cup before taking the habit of lunch, and then take them before lunch, and to make sure that they have the right medicine for that day. The patient should be reminded to prevent accidents such as fainting or falling caused by postural hypotension during the period of taking medication.
2.7 Health Education and Lecture Guidance By conducting household health surveys on the community residents and establishing residents' health records, patients with high blood pressure are identified and registered. Organize lectures on hypertension to let patients and their families understand that rehabilitation and health care knowledge of hypertension is an effective way to reduce risk factors and prevent the occurrence and development of hypertension. Encourage patients and their families to share their experiences with each other, establish a management information system for hypertensive patients, assess the condition of hypertensive patients, and implement follow-up management.
3 Summary
The average prevalence of hypertension in China is 11.8% [3]. The average prevalence rate in China is 11.8% [3], and the trend is increasing year by year. Hypertensive patients, with the development of the disease, gradually appear to damage several major organs mainly complications, such as coronary heart disease, cerebral arteriosclerosis, cerebrovascular accidents, renal arteriosclerosis and a series of diseases, these are the late manifestations of hypertension, not only directly jeopardize the physical and mental health of the people, but also seriously affect the patient's quality of life. It threatens people's health. Carry out community health education is the continuation of nursing work, get rid of the kind of patients once discharged from the hospital, nursing work on the end of the short-term nursing behavior. Nursing workers should carefully observe, comprehensively collect the patient's physiological, psychological, social information, comprehensive assessment, develop health records, so that patients establish a healthy lifestyle. In conclusion, strengthening the community care of hypertensive patients will play a role in controlling hypertension, delaying the occurrence of complications, improving medication adherence, reducing the incidence of stroke and mortality, and improving the quality of life.
References
[1] You Hong. Community-based care of hypertension. Family Nurse, 2008, 6.
[3]Wang Jing. Community-based care of hypertension. China Medical Guide, 2008, 15.
[2]Wu YX,Wang QL. Community nursing intervention for hypertensive patients. Qinghai Medical Journal, 2008, 3.
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