Using the effect and principle of electrostatic induction and gas discharge of high voltage electrostatic field, various processing technologies and equipment are realized. Widely used in electric power, machinery, light industry, textile, aerospace and high-tech fields.
Electrostatic precipitation and sorting electrostatic precipitation are to use electrostatic field to make dust particles suspended in gas charged, adsorbed and removed from flue gas. This is the main aspect of electrostatic application, which can be used for flue gas dust removal in various factories.
Electrostatic spraying is to coat polymer coating particles on grounded metal objects by electrostatic adsorption, and then send them into an oven to form a coating with uniform thickness. The corona discharge electrode charges paint particles with a diameter of 5 ~ 30 microns, and under the action of conveying air and electrostatic force, the paint particles fly to the coated object, and the adsorption force between the charges carried by the particles and the induced charges on the coated object makes the paint firmly adhere to the coated object. Generally, the thickness of the coating can reach 40 ~ 50 microns after 2 ~ 3 seconds.
Electrostatic spraying is to charge the paint mist sprayed by the spray gun under the action of high-voltage electrostatic field. This charged paint mist is adsorbed to the surface of the workpiece with different charges and deposited into a uniform coating. The utilization rate of electrostatic spraying paint solution is very high, which can reach 80 ~ 90%. Mainly used in automobile, machinery, household appliances and other industries.
Both electrostatic sprayers and electrostatic dusters for spraying pesticides are equipped with electrostatic nozzles. The electrostatic nozzles are charged by a high-voltage DC power supply of hundreds to thousands of volts, so that the liquid medicine or powder particles are charged, while the control target generates charges with opposite polarity through electrostatic induction, so that the liquid medicine or powder particles run towards the control target under the action of electrostatic field. Using static electricity can significantly improve the hit rate, reduce the loss of chemicals and environmental pollution, and spray chemicals on the back of the target to enhance the prevention and control effect.
In the spinning process of electrostatic spinning, the fibers are straightened, arranged and condensed by the force of electrostatic field, and play a balancing role when the free end is added, so that the spinning can be carried out continuously. It is a new spinning technology and belongs to the category of open-end spinning. The United States first conducted research in 1949, and now the world is still in the stage of theoretical discussion and experiment, and has not yet reached the scale of industrial production. China started research from 1958, and now a pilot plant has been established, which can stably produce dozens of varieties. The electrostatic spinning device consists of four parts: single fiber supply mechanism, electrostatic field generator, drafting device and winding mechanism. The main technological processes are wet drawing, low-speed carding, air stripping, electric field directional arrangement in closed containers, and high-speed rotary drawing to form yarn. The existing problems are that there are many yarn defects, and the labor productivity and economic benefits can't keep up with the traditional spinning process. But its advantages are high output, large molding, integration of roving, spinning and bobbin, and power saving. Especially in the production of core-spun yarn slubs, colored slubs and blending, it can better reflect the advantages of electrostatic spinning.
Electrostatic flocking uses electrostatic field to polarize fluff and arrange it along the direction of electric field, and at the same time, it is absorbed on the substrate coated with adhesive to become fluff products. The device consists of two parallel plate electrodes. Wherein the lower electrode is grounded, and a base material and short fibers are placed thereon; High voltage direct current is applied to the upper electrode plate to form a strong electric field between the two electrodes. Taking suede products as an example, its working process is as follows: connect the negative pole of 35 ~ 60 kV high-voltage power supply to the metal mesh frame filled with fluff, put the substrate coated with adhesive on the metal bracket and connect it to the positive pole of power supply, so that an electrostatic field is formed between the metal mesh frame and the metal bracket. After passing through the metal mesh, the formed fluff enters the electric field and is polarized, so that it rotates parallel to the direction of the electric field, settles on the substrate and is adhered to form flocking products. At present, the main product types are: carpet, cushion, artificial fur, printed flannel and other fiber products; Plastic products, such as decorative cloth, protective sound-absorbing cloth and products that give surface elasticity; Metal products include decorative materials, protective materials and thermal insulation materials; Others are wooden shells and paper shells used for decoration.
Electrostatic copying is to use photoconductive photosensitive materials to transfer charges according to the image when exposed, leaving electrostatic latent images, and then get copies through certain dry development, image transfer and fixing. The material used is non-silver photosensitive material. There are two kinds of xerography: direct method and indirect method. The former copies the original image directly on photosensitive paper coated with zinc oxide, also known as coated paper copier; The latter is to first change the original image into an electrostatic latent image on the photoreceptor, and then transfer it to ordinary paper, so it is also called ordinary paper copier. According to whether the developer is dry powder or liquid, it can be divided into dry type and wet type. At present, countries all over the world mainly produce dry indirect electrostatic copiers. Commonly used photocopying materials include inorganic photoconductive materials such as zinc oxide, selenium and cadmium sulfide, and organic photoconductive materials such as polyvinyl carbazole (PVK) and trinitrofluorone (TNF). The process of xerography is as follows: first, the photosensitive layer is uniformly charged; Then use the manuscript for reflection exposure; The electrostatic latent image is formed due to the different charge densities of the photoconductive layer of the lighting part, and is covered with thermoplastic toner for dry development (development); Cover the photosensitive layer with white paper, charge it again, and transfer the image to the paper (transfer); The toner is fixed (fixed) on the paper by instantaneous heating to obtain a copy. Compared with the previous wet development and copying technology, the electrostatic copying system has obvious advantages: simple, fast, clear and pollution-free to operators. The xerographic technology has made great progress in recent years. Modern electrostatic copiers have high copy rate, which can enlarge and reduce printing, and can also copy color originals. It meets the needs of modern society for information recording and information display. In 1970s, the copier controlled by microprocessor came out, which enabled the copier to execute complex programs and had multiple functions. For example, the self-diagnosis display system enables users or maintenance personnel to quickly troubleshoot and improve work quality and efficiency. The combination of xerography technology with modern communication technology, computer technology and laser technology has become an important part of information network. As a terminal for reading and recording information during short-distance or long-distance transmission, it is a part of office automation.
Electrostatic plate making is to use the principle of electrostatic copying to make a photoconductive paper plate become an electrostatic photographic plate. Compared with the traditional photographic plate making, electrostatic plate making has the advantages of high speed, few processes, low cost, simple operation and silver saving. Among them, photoconductive paper plate is the key. Generally, zinc oxide cardboard with low cost, easy manufacture and low toxicity is used. It is made of zinc oxide micropowder dispersed in insulating resin and coated on paper base with other substances.
The application of static electricity in high-tech fields is also applied in some high-tech fields, mainly including: ① electrostatic rocket engine. It is an electric rocket engine. Unlike a chemical rocket engine, the energy it uses is separated from the working medium. Electrostatic rocket engine is characterized by high specific impulse and long service life (it can be started for tens of thousands of times and works for tens of thousands of hours), but its thrust is very small, so it is suitable for attitude control, position keeping and interstellar navigation of spacecraft. Working medium of electrostatic rocket engine (such as mercury, cesium, hydrogen, etc. Ionized from the storage tank through the ionization chamber into ions, and accelerated to form a beam under the electrostatic force of the extraction electrode. The ion beam is coupled with the electrons emitted by the neutralizer to form a neutral high-speed beam, which is ejected to generate thrust. The thrust is usually between (0.5 ~ 25) × 10-5 N, and the specific impulse reaches 8500 ~ 20000 seconds. ② Electrostatic bearing. A sliding bearing that suspends a shaft by electric field force. It is a combined bearing suspended by electric field force and magnetic field force. Because electrostatic bearing needs high electric field intensity, its application is limited and it is only used in a few special instruments. ③ Electrostatic gyroscope. Also known as electro-floating gyroscope. It is a gyro sensor. High-voltage electrodes are evenly distributed around the metal spherical hollow rotor, forming an electrostatic field for the rotor, which supports the high-speed rotating rotor. This method belongs to spherical support, and the rotor can rotate not only around the axis of rotation, but also in any direction perpendicular to the axis of rotation, so it belongs to the type of free-rotor gyroscope. The electrostatic field only has suction, and the closer the rotor is to the electrode, the greater the suction, which makes the rotor in an unstable state. Using a set of auxiliary circuits to change the force on the rotor can keep the rotor in the center position. Electrostatic gyroscope (ESG) adopts non-contact support and has no friction, so its accuracy is very high, and its drift rate is as low as 10-3 ~ 10-5 degrees/hour, which is an important part of high-precision inertial navigation system. But it can't withstand big shocks and vibrations. Another disadvantage is that the structure and manufacturing process are complex and the cost is high. ④ Electrostatic lens is a kind of electronic lens. A rotationally symmetric electrostatic field is formed by applying a certain DC voltage to several rotationally symmetric conductor electrodes. Such as an immersion lens composed of double cylindrical electrodes with equal or unequal radii; Single-potential lens composed of three cylinders or three diaphragms with equal or unequal radii, and cathode lens composed of cathode, modulator and anode.
Static electricity can also be used for medical treatment,
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