Enterprise energy saving program (a)
Coal mine is a large energy-consuming, energy consumption in the construction of coal mines, the production process occupies a fairly important position, and China's large population, energy and other natural resources are relatively serious shortage of energy and the rational use of energy is not only an economic issue, and has become an important strategic issues, the rational use of energy, and the use of energy is not only an economic issue, but also has become important strategic issues. Therefore, in the coal mine construction, production process to save energy consumption, the effective use of energy, not only to solve the short-term shortage of energy supply is a necessary choice, but also for China's construction of a moderately prosperous society in all aspects, and then realize the modernization of the long-term strategic choice to provide energy security.
Coal mine energy saving is in the coal mine construction and production process, relying on scientific and technological progress, according to the specific geological and mining conditions, from the actual situation of the enterprise, its own benefits and environmental benefits of the long-term potential, the use of applicable new technologies, new materials, new technology, new equipment, reduce the consumption of raw materials, strengthen the production management, to achieve a more significant energy saving effect.
1 scientific construction, optimization of the production system, the rational choice of coal mining methods and techniques
In the construction of the mine, the choice of advanced, adapted to the geological conditions of the field, reasonable construction methods and techniques, optimize the timing of the project, and the overall handling of the relationship between the temporary and permanent projects, can effectively save energy. The production process after the completion of the mine consumes energy all the time. Whether the production system is simple and reliable, and the number of production links directly determines whether the production system is energy-saving or not, therefore, optimizing the production system so that it is in a state of high efficiency operation is also an important measure for energy saving in coal mines. Energy-saving coal mining methods and processes should be: mining area and working face back to the high rate of mining, back to the mining efficiency, simple process, power, material consumption is low, low tunnel boring rate. [1]
The national key construction project - Ringshui Coal Mine of Guizhou Pannan Company, attaches great importance to the energy saving work of the coal mine, always in accordance with the national environmental protection regulations and environmental protection report of the standards and requirements of the coal mine is built into a safe, environmentally friendly, energy-saving modern mine. [2] Ringshui Coal Mine has adopted some proven energy-saving methods in mine construction and underground mining.
1,1 Changing the main flat refuge stratum from the coal stratum to the basalt stratum, the construction progress was increased from the original 60-120m/month to 220-260m/month, which greatly shortened the construction period of the well, and at the same time reduced a large amount of roadway maintenance works in the later stage.
1,2 Simplify the underground roadway arrangement, reduce the production link, the initial system is simple, occupies less electromechanical equipment, safe and reliable, lower energy consumption. To not affect the integrity of the system, the initial use of the project is not constructed, to be used when the need for construction, so that the initial reduction in the amount of roadway tunnelling works 1569, 4m, reducing the initial investment of 10.3, 3 million yuan.
1,3 Step mining Hexi mining area working face. Hexi mining area working face direction and the shaft is not vertically arranged, if in accordance with the conventional mining method, when the working face is a certain distance from the shaft stop mining, and then move, which will result in the "loss of triangular coal". In order to improve the resource recovery rate and extend the service life of the mine, the working face adopts step mining, i.e. when the working face is a certain distance away from the shaft, a reconstruction lane is dug to connect with the working face, and then the working face skid is shrunk to the reconstruction lane to continue to advance. After the implementation of this measure, only in the W133 working face to mine nearly 70,000 tons of coal.
2 mine power supply and distribution system energy saving
Electricity is the main energy of coal mines, saving electricity is an important part of coal mines to reduce the total energy consumption and the main direction of the attack. In order to take into account the normal production, living electricity demand and the purpose of saving electricity, we must strengthen the basic management of electricity, promote the application of power-saving products, so that the power supply scientifically, the production process scientifically. Among them, energy saving in the mine's power supply and distribution system is the most direct and effective energy saving. The mine has taken the following measures:
2,1 The mine built 110/35/10kV substation in the main site, 35/10kV substation in the broadcasting soil site, 10kV distribution house in the Hexi site; the main transformer and the transformers of all levels of transformers in the shaft and the lower levels of transformers are all selected from the low-loss products to reduce the loss of electrical energy.
2.2 Installation of electrostatic capacitor compensation devices at all levels of transformer substations in the mine to improve the power factor and reduce reactive power loss; rational layout of the distribution system, up and down the transformer substations as close as possible to the load center, in order to reduce the line loss of electrical energy.
2,3 In order to reduce line loss and voltage drop, the cross-section of the ground distribution line conductor is reasonably enlarged, and the line is selected according to the economic current density. Energy-saving lamps are used for both uphole and downhole lighting; lighting in public **** places is retrofitted with photoelectric or timing automatic control devices to save electricity.
3 preferred coal mine equipment
The total power consumption of large coal mine equipment accounts for about 30% of the mine's electricity consumption, coal mine electricity expenses accounted for a considerable proportion of the mine's total expenditures, the reasonable selection, the use of them, is one of the most important measures for energy saving in coal mine production. Coal mine main equipment selection of the general principle is: advanced technology, reliable system, high efficiency, reasonable working conditions. [1] Ringshui coal mine has taken the following energy-saving measures in the selection of coal mine equipment:
3,1 In the mine ventilation equipment, after the multi-program selection, broadcasting the earth area selection of BDK-8-29 type of countercyclone turbine, Heshi area selection of BDK-8-25 type of countercyclone turbine, the blades angle stepless adjustment, the working point adjustment is convenient, the efficiency of up to 71 ~ 85%. The power consumption is 0.362～0.425kwh/Mm3-Pa, lower than the stipulated 0.44kwh/Mm3-Pa.
3.2 In order to facilitate the mining of the middle coal group and establish the connection with it, the main inclined shaft of the Hexi mining area is designed to zap from the wellhead to the vicinity of the middle coal group according to -16°, and then it will be laid out along the upper coal group with a flat stone door after penetrating into the upper coal group. The original design requires two belt machines to relay transportation, after comparison and analysis, it was decided to use a belt out of the well. Belt machine manufacturers in accordance with this requirement, in the change of slope at the installation of an additional set of guide pulleys and tensioning devices, to achieve the goal of a belt out of the well, not only to simplify the system and save power consumption and staff.
4 ground building energy saving
In China, according to statistics, building energy consumption has accounted for 20% to 25% of the total energy consumption of society, along with China's urbanization and construction of the advancement of the trend of a gradual increase. The implementation of energy-saving measures for coal mine ground buildings will effectively improve the efficiency of the use of social energy, the enterprise's own economic efficiency. The coal mine pays attention to the ground building energy saving:
4,1 According to the geographic location, climatic conditions and terrain conditions and the building requirements for sunshine and ventilation, choose the favorable orientation of the building, and use reasonable spacing and group combination, and actively use solar energy to save energy.
4.2 Buildings in the district should be arranged in a joint and centralized way as much as possible; in the joint building, natural lighting and natural ventilation should be considered as much as possible. For the parts that need to dissipate heat and eliminate harmful gases, measures such as air building and high windows can be used to improve natural ventilation and natural lighting conditions to help save energy.
4,3 The use of reducing the body factor of the building, such as the use of joint construction to reduce the external wall surface, increase the number of floors, as well as a reasonable increase in depth, control of the window-wall area ratio and other measures to achieve the purpose of energy saving.
4, 4 enclosure structure, including walls, windows and doors, roofs, etc., the heat loss by heat transfer accounted for 80% of the total heat consumption by heat transfer of the building, is an important factor that directly affects the building heat preservation and thermal insulation effect. In the selection of building materials and their thickness to determine, in accordance with the requirements of thermal insulation, heat insulation to determine; roof insulation materials should not be selected density, high thermal conductivity, water absorption rate of larger materials.
5 water supply and drainage, HVAC and environmental protection and energy saving
5, 1 water supply system and water supply and drainage equipment according to the ringing of the industrial site of the water quality of the water pressure requirements of the various water points, the use of sub-quality water supply by pressure. Fire grouting water requires higher pressure, separate pressurized pumps for direct water supply; treated mine water, directly into the fire sprinkler pool; living water using frequency conversion speed control pumps for unified water supply, which can save the annual running costs of the equipment.
The water pump required in the mine is a new type of high-efficiency water pump. The pump suction pipe adopts pressure water inlet, which not only removes the bottom valve with large resistance, but also ensures the reliability of water supply. Check valve using a new type of energy-saving slow-closing check valve, resistance is small, and can reduce water hammer pressure. Piping using corrosion-resistant, low-priced water supply cast iron pipe; pipeline flow rate using economic flow rate.
5, 2 heating system and equipment mine industrial site buildings heating are using hot water centralized heating. Outdoor heat pipes and other equipment are insulated with low thermal conductivity, good thermal insulation performance of the insulation material. Hot water boiler selection of low coal consumption, high thermal efficiency products; heat transfer equipment selection of high thermal efficiency heat exchanger unit. But also choose to make it in the best operating conditions within the scope of the operation of the water pump, select the flow rate in the economic flow rate range of the pipeline.
5, 3 environmental protection works on the prevention and control of various pollutants are used after the optimization of the program, adhere to the comprehensive utilization, turning harm into profit, the principle of turning waste into treasure. Adopt low energy consumption treatment process to deal with waste water and waste gas, and try to recycle what can be recycled. Due to the good quality of underground drainage water of Ringshui Coal Mine, it is discharged to the ground mine water treatment station and used for grouting, fire prevention, fire sprinkler, power plant and other industrial water after treatment; domestic sewage is used for farmland irrigation after treatment; and the gangue discharged from the underground is used for making gangue bricks.
6 Conclusion
Coal accounts for 76% of China's energy share, coal mine to sustain healthy development, energy saving is the responsibility of coal mining enterprises. Coal mining enterprises to improve the understanding of energy saving and consumption reduction, need to adopt advanced and reasonable engineering construction methods and processes, the use of efficient coal mining methods, the use of advanced and efficient mechanical and electrical equipment, scientific power supply and distribution, while strengthening internal management, accelerate the pace of technological innovation and technological innovation, reduce the consumption of materials in all aspects of production, energy waste, and make full use of discharged mine water, gangue, to achieve the goal of energy saving and consumption reduction of coal mining enterprises. Energy saving and consumption reduction goals of coal mining enterprises. Coal mine only energy saving and consumption reduction, in order to reduce the cost of coal mine production, to realize the real meaning of high efficiency, to ensure the healthy and orderly steady development of coal mine.
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Energy saving and consumption reduction program for enterprises (2)
In recent years, energy constraints and environmental degradation have become the focus of global concern. Although our country has a large territory, but the energy supply is still very close to the tension, which has a waste and accelerated heavy industrialization resulting in high energy consumption, but more because of the economic structure of the unscientific, irrational, enterprise economic management and economic growth caused by sloppy management. China in previous years, enterprises in order to pursue the maximization of corporate profits, ignoring the energy-consuming production of environmental pollution . Impact on our living environment has caused great pollution. In order to protect our living environment, the Twelfth Five-Year Plan for environmental protection requirements, energy saving and consumption reduction of enterprises has been increasingly emphasized, and has become China's economic development process to cope with resource constraints and environmental carrying pressure of the inevitable choice.
First, the main features of the implementation of energy saving and consumption reduction in enterprises
1, the limitations of profit maximization. Enterprises are often driven by the strong profit motive in economic activities, in making economic decisions, more consideration is to adhere to the principle of avoiding harm, and made around the cost-benefit analysis, so that because all business activities are built on the basis of profitability and do, in the face of energy conservation and reduction of energy consumption work, most of the enterprises to adhere to the purpose of seeking to maximize the profitability of the enterprise, and as long as the work is Profitable, the enterprise will consciously do this behavior, the implementation of energy saving and emission reduction is no exception, if you can not let the enterprise to achieve profitability, the enterprise will be very difficult to consciously implement energy saving and emission reduction.
2, behavioral implementation of limited rationality. Restricted by the human environment, some enterprises in the economic activities of the supervisors often due to the subjective meaning of the enterprise's economic behavior, when the enterprise supervisors by the enterprise to maximize the impact of the interests of the enterprise, energy conservation and reduction of energy consumption behavior will be subject to constraints.
3, in the face of energy saving and consumption reduction work, enterprises in the work is more opportunistic characteristics. In order to pursue their own interests, in the current technology is not particularly mature situation, most companies will carry out energy saving work, in order to plan for greater benefits, enterprises will be in the production process will be used in a very subtle and covert means, so as to achieve their goals, and even at the expense of public **** interests as the price, to improve the opportunity to maximize the benefits of enterprises, to achieve their own interests in the process of maximization.
Second, can promote the implementation of energy saving and consumption reduction behavior of the enterprise motivation
1, due to the enterprise's environmental pollution arbitrary emission behavior will cause pollution, as the enterprise they if not for profit, but also not willing to do these against the wishes of the government, and to avoid the responsibility of environmental pollution behavior, because they do the environmental pollution arbitrary emission speculative behavior is the government does not allow only Increase publicity, so that enterprises spontaneously improve the work, through the corresponding regulations to strengthen the economic activities of enterprises to intervene, so as to eliminate and constrain the unlawful business and competitive behavior of enterprises.
2, because the economic interests of the drive, induced enterprises have to take a variety of measures, in the production process on the one hand, the implementation of pollution, on the other hand, through more than a variety of means of pollution work to conceal or check, in order to plan for the interests of the business of environmental pollution defeat to evade the way to avoid the public supervision and inspection, due to the surrounding masses of its business practices and environmental protection behaviors to understand more. Let the enterprise in the implementation of the process dare not do, in the process of governance if the government through the public to monitor and disclose the enterprise's energy-saving and consumption reduction behavior, not only can reduce costs, but also to promote the supervision of the enterprise's behavior is more stringent, more deterrent effect. Therefore, the government must further strengthen the cooperation with the public, so that the public can play the role of monitoring enterprises.
3, so that enterprises fully realize that the deepening of energy saving work can promote the sustainable development of enterprises. Government support for the development of enterprises is the requirement that enterprises must be allowed to engage in production and business activities within the scope of the state business activities, those in the business activities deliberately violating national laws and policies and the corresponding business behavior, will increase the standardization of efforts.
Third, the cost-benefit analysis of the implementation of energy-saving behavior
1, in the market economy, the cost of enterprise production has become a decision on the economic efficiency of enterprises, in order to reduce the cost of enterprises in the production process, and can promote the enterprise to use the lowest cost, to create and produce the most of the best products of the enterprise, in order to make the enterprise to win the initiative in the market competition. Although the implementation of energy saving and consumption reduction behavior in the enterprise, can win the support of the government and the recognition of the community, these will bring significant benefits to the future development of enterprises, the implementation of the enterprise to reduce this is not only for the enterprise itself is a kind of profitability, the development of enterprise production is also a kind of incentives and motivation.
2, the implementation of energy saving activities for the production of enterprises, although the immediate enterprise suffered a loss, but the enterprise long-term persistence in the implementation of energy saving, and will work throughout the entire life cycle of the process of enterprise production, which will save the cost of the enterprise and the improvement of the image of the community with an important role.
Fourth, the main problems of energy saving and consumption reduction work
1, energy saving and consumption reduction work in the "hot under the cold" state. Governments at all levels to administrative means, mainly the breakdown of assessment indicators, constraints on energy-saving behavior, but the lack of rigid normative mechanism, the actual effect is not ideal; on the other hand, some enterprises are forced by the government's pressure, for the purpose of coping with the passive adoption of a number of energy-saving measures to reduce consumption, energy conservation and reduction of energy consumption as a conscious action for the survival and development of the enterprise.
2, regional energy saving lack of planning guidance and coordination mechanism. At present, the energy saving work is still only carried out in a single enterprise, the region and how to carry out synergistic energy saving between enterprises lack of systematic planning, work coordination is also in need of strengthening. Although individual enterprises to build their own cogeneration enterprises, if you can use the existing large-scale power generation enterprises directly to these enterprises power supply and gas supply, give full play to the advantages of large boilers with high thermal energy utilization, you can save nearly 30% of the energy.
3, energy saving assessment system and indicators are not perfect. In recent years, the state and the province have introduced some of the energy consumption limit standards, but the coverage is not broad, specific product indicators are not detailed and comprehensive, only a small number of enterprises and products can be assessed against the standard, a large number of enterprises and products due to the lack of energy-efficiency standards can not be implemented against the standard assessment. The assessment of enterprises still emphasizes the decline in the level of energy consumption of output value, without reflecting the level of unit consumption of enterprises. This has led to the implementation of key energy-consuming enterprises to break down the responsibility of the indicators are not unified, the system is not consistent, the assessment is unreasonable and so on.
4, the lack of effective incentives and constraints mechanism. In the management process due to the lack of effective incentives and constraints on energy saving and consumption of the enterprise or the competent authorities, and energy-using units of energy-saving technology development and application of enthusiasm is not yet high, the progress of science and technology, will be the enterprise on energy saving and consumption of the work of supporting the role of the failure to give full play to. In addition, the failure to complete the energy-saving goals of the enterprise did not take punitive measures, to complete the energy-saving goals of the enterprise incentives are also very small, resulting in a considerable number of key energy-using enterprises did not complete the energy-saving goals.
V. Matters that should be noted and recommendations for the continued implementation of energy conservation measures by enterprises
1, to speed up the adjustment of the structure of the industrial sector, and vigorously develop advanced manufacturing industry, the development of information, equipment and other high-value-added, low-energy, less environmentally polluting high-tech industries, to improve the ratio of industrial value-added, to control the proportion of high-energy-consuming industries, and to foster low-energy-consuming, high-efficiency enterprises to develop rapidly, and to increase the proportion of low-energy-consuming industries, so as to achieve the goal of energy conservation. The proportion of low-energy-consuming industries will be increased, so as to achieve a decline in the overall unit energy consumption. Grasp the adjustment of the stock of energy-saving work, increase the key energy-using units of energy-saving efforts.
2, in recent years, as the country's attention to energy conservation and consumption reduction work is increasing, the enterprise's environmental pollution penalties increased year by year, prompting some large enterprises had to increase the energy-saving technology and rhythm, and quickly arranged in place, with the energy-saving space of the enterprise's production technology is shrinking, China's twelfth plan will be the production of energy-saving enterprises to gradually shift to the focus of the industrial structure adjustment Up. According to the data analyzed by some of our experts after the research, China's energy saving and consumption reduction work is currently 30% need to rely on technical energy saving, the other 70% to rely on industrial restructuring. Driven by the effectiveness of the benefits, in reducing energy consumption and cost savings enterprises have a strong initiative. Industrial restructuring is mainly dependent on the government to guide and promote the structural adjustment process at all levels of government should really pay attention to industrial restructuring, and according to China's economic development on the new situation of the development needs of enterprises, to further improve the planning of industrial restructuring of the relevant enterprises to speed up the establishment of structural adjustment of the corresponding work mechanism, the implementation of the relevant units responsible for the implementation of the work of the responsibility of the unit, and to effectively reduce the level of energy consumption throughout the county.
3, the development of strict project access standards, energy efficiency indicators as project approval, approval and filing of mandatory conditions, strict control of high energy consumption, high pollution, the introduction of domestic and foreign investment projects, and the active introduction of the development of advanced manufacturing industry, from the source of strict control of new high-energy projects, and effectively curb the rapid growth of high-energy-consuming industries.
4, Shi energy saving must take the circular economy and high-tech combination of road. In promoting the development of circular economy enterprises at the same time, the government should organize professional scientific and technological personnel, pay equal attention to high-tech research and development, invention and research and development of new technologies and materials, adhere to the use of high-tech transformation of traditional industries, the development of circular economy, the circular economy model to develop the economy.
VI. Conclusion
To sum up, to vigorously promote energy conservation and consumption reduction among enterprises, we must, through a variety of means, strictly in accordance with the higher authorities to effectively implement the Interim Measures for Energy Conservation Evaluation and Review of Fixed Asset Investment Projects, strict access to high energy-consuming industries, and strict control of excessive development of high energy-consuming industries, and gradually reduce the proportion of high-consumption enterprises.
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