First of all, the advantages (fiber-reinforced composites as an example)
Lightweight and high strength Relative density of 1.5~2.0, only carbon steel 1/4~1/5, but the tensile strength is close to, or even more than, that of carbon steel, and the specific strength can be compared with that of high-grade alloy steel. Therefore, it has excellent results in aviation, rockets, spacecraft, high-pressure containers, and in other applications where weight reduction is required. Certain epoxy FRPs are capable of tensile, flexural and compressive strengths of 400Mpa or more.
Good corrosion resistance FRP is a good corrosion-resistant material, the atmosphere, water and general concentrations of acids, alkalis, salts and a variety of oils and solvents have good resistance. It has been applied to all aspects of chemical anti-corrosion, and is replacing carbon steel, stainless steel, wood, non-ferrous metals and so on.
Good electrical properties is an excellent insulating material, used to make insulators. High frequency can still protect the good dielectric properties. Microwave permeability is good, has been widely used in radomes.
Good thermal performance FRP thermal conductivity is low, room temperature 1.25 ~ 1.67kJ / (m-h-K), only 1/100 ~ 1/1000 of the metal, is an excellent thermal insulation material. In the case of transient ultra-high temperature, it is an ideal thermal protection and ablation-resistant material, which can protect the cosmic vehicle to withstand the high-speed airflow above 2000℃.
Good designability (1) According to the needs of the flexible design of a variety of structural products to meet the requirements of the use of the product can make the product has a good integrity.
(2) can fully select the material to meet the performance of the product, such as: can be designed to resist corrosion, resistance to transient high temperatures, the product in a certain direction of a particularly high strength, good dielectric properties, and so on.
Excellent craftsmanship (1) can be based on the shape of the product, the technical requirements, the use and the number of flexible choice of molding process.
(2) The process is simple, can be molded in one go, the economic effect is outstanding, especially for the shape of complex, not easy to form a small number of products, more prominent its superiority of the process.
Applications:
FRP applications
One: FRP applications in the field of construction in China
Before the 80's, FRP is mainly used for military products, the confidentiality of the restrictions on the exchange of institutions between the inconvenience of architects do not understand the excellent performance of the FRP, do not have access to reliable performance data, and therefore are not a large number of building structures.
Beginning in the 90s, with the FRP research work continues to deepen, so that the defects of FRP can be overcome, the product price has decreased. In large-scale building structures in the application of good results. The following briefly introduces a few examples:
(1) large FRP room: built in Hangzhou in 1991, the room and the hotel below it to achieve architectural coordination, from the appearance of the difficult to distinguish, the effect is very good;
(2) karaoke entertainment hall columnar roof: 26m long, span of 10m, built in 1992 in the roof of the Shanghai Dazhonghua Rubber Factory, very beautiful and practical;
(2) Karaoke Entertainment Hall column roof: 26m long, span 10m, built in Shanghai Dazhonghua Rubber Factory, is very good! Practical;
(3) rotating restaurant spherical roof: ball diameter of 45m, completed in 1993 in Shanghai Yangtze River Mouth Mall;
(4) Oriental Pearl Tower lobby hyperbolic roof and interior decorations: diameter of 60m, a total area of about 5000m2, completed in 1994. It took only more than three months from the signing of the contract to the completion of the installation, and it has been used so far with good effect;
(5) Spire of Ark Tower (7m high) and assembled roofing (about 300m2): completed in 1996 and installed in March 1997.
Foreign applications in the field of construction of FRP, the number of varieties
Composite materials in the entire engineering materials from 2% in 1950 will rise to 14.7% in 2000, is expected in 2020 is expected to reach 18.4%. The United States in 1993, the amount of 23.7 million tons, accounting for 20% of the total, second only to the transportation industry, is the second largest application; Britain in 1992, accounting for 26.6% of the total amount of 26.6%, is the first application; Western Europe in 1992, the amount of 247,000 tons, accounting for 21.3% of the total amount of 21.3%, is the second largest application; Japan in 1993, the amount of 23.7 million tons, accounting for 55% of the total amount of 55%, is the first application area.
Foreign FRP in the field of construction application examples are
① 66m diameter full FRP spherical casino: the building is located in the U.S. west coast near San Francisco, Reno, the building is composed of more than 2,000 pieces of quadrilateral FRP unit pieces assembled;
② U.S. state of New Jersey, Atlantic City, Trump Taj Mahal Comprehensive casino: covers an area of 390,000m2, facade 1.6km long, most of the FRP art modeling decorative pieces, *** more than 23,000 pieces, worth about 15 million U.S. dollars;
③ U.S. New York's FRP Coca-Cola large billboards: three-dimensional shape of the l2.5m × 19.8m, "Coca-Cola Bottles "12.8m high, ice 3m high;
④Boston, the United States, many buildings windows, doors, facades, railings, eave boards, decorative arches are used FRP;
⑤ Atlanta, the United States bank halls and high floors cover FRP, the United States, the Florida Tampa City, C & S Bank Building (the state's) C&S Bank Building in Florida Tampa (the state's tallest building on the west coast, 43 floors), the use of semi-tapered FRP roof, 7.9m high, are both anti-corrosion, wave-transparent and wind-resistant and many other functions. There are airports and meteorological radomes, etc. are also used FRP.
According to rough statistics, FRP in the field of construction applications in the following five areas:
①A variety of shaped building structures: radar radomes, pavilions, billboards (things), spherical casinos, spherical theaters, large-span hangars, garages, warehouses, rotating restaurants, karaoke halls, column-shaped roofs, Sports stadium large-span grandstand roof, indoor stadium roof and high-rise buildings, such as conical roof; ② a variety of functional buildings: TV tower wave-transparent wall, wave-transparent room, shielding room, acoustic wall, chemical plant anticorrosive workshop, wharf FRP and metal composite Tsubaki, radiation composite walls of hospitals, large cooling towers, wastewater treatment plants, corrosion-resistant plates, large corrosion-resistant tanks, tanks, etc.; ③ a variety of buildings inside and outside the decorative parts: roof eaves, along the mouth, Fascia, along the mouth, riding porch, light trough, lamps, Roman columns, ceiling, art vases, rockery waterfalls, auspicious animals (lions, cows, elephants, etc.), etc.; ④ Well-being of small apartments, offices, building components: doors, partitions, partition segments, furniture, kitchen utensils, garden railings, fences, small garages, swimming pools, a variety of window frames, bonsai, etc.; ⑤ a variety of sanitation and hygiene: the overall health box room, the overall shower room, water tanks, mobile toilets, Purification pool, wash basin, flush toilet, bathtub, solar water heater and so on.
Two: Transportation sector: automobile-centered growth of 1.7%, even though the number of buses sold declined, but fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP) products are rising steadily. More than 400 types of parts used in the main body of the car are SMC products, and more than 100 types of parts are used in new cars in 2007. The use of fiberglass reinforced thermoplastics (FRTP) is rapidly increasing. Suction manifolds made of FR-Nylon are used in automobile engines. It is more efficient and economical than aluminum automobile engines. Automotive driveshafts are pultruded and the materials are made of carbon fiber, vinyl ester and aluminum tubes. Currently, it is already active in the automotive market. The most important is the ventilation pipe for air-conditioning equipment with pultruded molding. The Ministry of Railways has conducted field tests on vehicles made of full FRP and put them on the market this year.
Three: civil construction sector: FRP products in the residential sector is also increasing. In the basic construction of main highway bridges, pedestrian bridges, piers for harbors. Also widely used to strengthen the concrete FRP tendons.
Four: corrosion-resistant equipment: FRP is widely used in equipment. Semiconductor industry and chemical industry, sewage treatment and sewerage treatment, oil, gas platform, chemical storage tanks.
Five: ships.
VI: Electrical and electronic: Strong demand for printed circuit boards and radomes. Lighting poles produced with FW has been a growing trend, and began to conduct on-site experiments with poles. Currently Europe has a large number of production. The U.S. has also put them on the market. Stereotypes in electronics are also to be stimulated. It is expected that in the future, such as portable telephones will also be used FRP, FRTP products.
Seven: consumer materials: FRP aging resistance, beautiful appearance, replacing the original material. Sales of satellite broadcasting antennas as well as DBS antennas are growing, especially the sales of DBS antennas are growing rapidly. Golf clubs produced with carbon fiber is also bound to increase, the production of carbon fiber manufacturers have also increased equipment.
Eight: home appliances and office equipment: sales of newly designed sewing machine cases are also growing. Currently new homes are affected by resale, and appliances are also growing. Office equipment market is large, wide sales, strong foundation. FRTP fiberglass reinforced plastic grating has excellent corrosion resistance, heat resistance, rigidity, flame retardant, so the use of home appliances, office equipment advantage.
Nine: aviation, defense.
FRP Profile Application Examples
FRP Tool Handle This series of products are mainly used in garden tools and hardware tools including shovels, rakes, hoes, scissors, hammers and so on.
FRP Pultruded Round Tube This series of products are suitable for making tents, mosquito nets, bags, handbags, X display racks, tool handles, windmills, golf (ball bags, flag poles, practice poles, practice nets), tripods, spray poles, scaffolding poles, toy skeletons, frisbee skeletons, aerial bamboo handles, kite poles and so on.
FRP pultruded round rod This series of products are suitable for making umbrella skeleton, kite skeleton, PCB equipment, model airplane, bracket blanket, beach mat, rotating shaft, axle core, curtain rod, toys, bags, flying butterflies, flag poles (table flags, car flags, hand waving flags, knife flags), plant support frame, fences, chimney poles, support frame for game blankets, curtains rotating/toggle rods, and so on.
FRP pultruded flat bar series This series of products are suitable for making yoga fitness circle, magic circle, fitness equipment, toy bow, curtain bar, bags, handbags, flagpole horizontal bar, tool handle, etc..
FRP Grating Platform Series This series of products mainly include FRP grating, anti-corrosion platform, walkway and fence system, insulated ladder, cooling tower support frame, cable bridge, subway track cover, etc.
Pultruded Products Deep Processing Series We pack PP PE PVC on the surface of fiberglass rods, fiberglass tubes and fiberglass rods according to customers' demands, and this product has been widely used in gardening and agriculture.