The importance of pathology in clinical medicine as a clinician and diagnostician William Osler made an important evaluation of the status of pathology in medicine: As is our pathology, so is our medicine (pathology for the foundation of medicine). This evaluation fully reflects the fact that pathology, as the foundation of clinical medicine, promotes the development of clinical medicine, and also contains the clinical needs and expectations of pathology. Pathology is the study of disease-causing factors in the state of disease and the body's mutual response to the diseased organ or tissue of the body's metabolism, function and morphological structure of the changes, the purpose is to understand and master the nature of disease and the development of the law, so as to prevent and treat diseases to provide the necessary theoretical basis and practical basis. Lack of pathology research, human beings have no way to recognize the disease, not to mention the prevention and treatment of disease. The main tasks of the pathology laboratory in the hospital include the diagnosis of puncture specimens, surgical biopsies and resection specimens, autopsies, and its scope involves the diagnosis of most diseases in almost all clinical departments. The level of pathology specialization directly affects the level of diagnosis and treatment in hospitals. As we all know, due to the characteristics of the work of the pathology profession, the pathology diagnosis is usually regarded as the final diagnosis, and even called the "golden diagnosis", which is extremely important for the further treatment of the patient and suggests that the prognosis is extremely important.
Section 2, the importance of scientific construction of the pathology laboratory
First, the scientific construction of the pathology laboratory is conducive to the physical health of the pathology laboratory workers Pathology laboratory is known as "the foundation of medicine", but for a long time because of a variety of reasons, the pathology laboratory workers are working in a rather poor working environment. environment. Toluene, xylene, formalin, dehydration reagent, staining reagent, and embedded paraffin in the pathology experiment process are all kinds of toxic and irritating odors in the whole experiment process. Among them, benzene organic volatiles, if inhaled in excess for a long period of time, may lead to a sharp decrease in the number of white blood cells in the body, thus leading to leukemia. To solve these problems, it is necessary to carry out scientific planning and construction of the pathology laboratory. For example, the diagnostic office area and the laboratory area will be divided into two areas, and the diagnostic office area is suitable for the south side and the laboratory area is suitable for the north side. For specimen preservation, taking, dehydration, embedding, staining, etc. may produce toxic, irritating odor of the experimental process, the use of ventilation equipment to protect and reduce the content of toxic and harmful gases in the laboratory. At the same time, the pathology laboratory is an orderly process, a reasonable arrangement of different functions is not only conducive to laboratory management, but also conducive to the improvement of work efficiency.
Second, the scientific construction of the pathology laboratory is conducive to the long-term development of the hospital's planning "pathology for the foundation of medicine", pathology as the foundation of clinical medicine, promoting the development of clinical medicine. The development of the hospital depends on the development of clinical medicine, the development of clinical medicine depends on the development of the pathology laboratory, so that the scientific construction of the pathology laboratory is conducive to the long-term development of the hospital planning. The improvement of the pathology laboratory environment, the level of pathological diagnosis will also be improved, in order to correctly and quickly diagnose the disease, and improve the popularity of the hospital. Let's say this much first! People are interested in, and then study with you to study.
Pathology Laboratory Planning (Chapter 2)
XX City People's Hospital Pathology Laboratory Planning General Description
Section 1 XX City People's Hospital Pathology Department Status XX City People's Hospital Pathology Department Laboratory's current only two rooms, a room used for diagnostic offices, a room for the technical room for the sampling, dehydration, and preparation. Moreover, to enter the technical room, it is necessary to pass through the diagnostic office room, which means that the first source of pollution in pathology experiments is from the diagnostic office area to the laboratory area every time. In addition, all the experimental processes of the Department of Pathology of XX People's Hospital are only carried out in a small laboratory, and a lot of experiments cannot be completed in this small space, such as: rapid frozen section, immunohistochemistry, cytology and TCT and other rapid and accurate pathology experiments can not be carried out.
Section II: General description of the design of the new pathology laboratory
I. The main basis for the design of the laboratory
1. 2. According to the pathology laboratory in the long-term planning, qualified allocation of laboratory space, for better service to clinical medicine.
Two, the scale and scope of laboratory design
1. Comprehensive implementation of the design policy of scientific and practical attention under the conditions of economic possibilities, to achieve high quality and practical laboratory, and for the laboratory staff scientific, comfortable working environment.
2. To meet the design specifications under the premise of laboratory science, practicality and aesthetics.
3. Comprehensive consideration of the surrounding environment and terrain conditions.
4. Give full consideration to the biological safety design of the laboratory to ensure that the working environment of the laboratory is not affected by the external environment, but also to ensure that the laboratory pollution (water pollution, air pollution) will not affect the external environment.
Three, the scale of engineering design and overview
The project pathology laboratory is located in XX City People's Hospital, the new outpatient building on the sixth floor. Outpatient building a **** nine floors, orientation north-south, pathology laboratory total construction area of more than 500 square meters. The building adopts frame structure, cast-in-place floor design, building molding 7200mm. the building is currently under construction to the seventh floor, will be completed in the near future. The laboratory carries out routine diagnosis of pathology, immunohistochemistry, cytology, rapid pathology diagnosis, etc., to provide a more scientific basis for the diagnosis and development of clinical medicine.
Section III of the laboratory general layout design
I. General description of the laboratory layout design pathology laboratory layout design see the general plan. Laboratory area set up specimen receiving room, specimen storage room, take dehydration room, embedded section and frozen section room, staining and preparation room, cytology and TCT room, immunization and special dye room each one. In the office area, there is a comprehensive reading room and office, a document room, a glass archive room, and an office for the director. Laboratory auxiliary room set up male and female locker bathroom each one, a pharmaceutical warehouse room.
Second, the laboratory graphic design concept
Determine a reasonable experimental process: communication with laboratory operators to determine a reasonable experimental flow chart, the requirements of the process of pathological diagnosis, analysis of the most favorable, safe operation of the laboratory personnel to protect the role.
2. Determine the laboratory equipment and laboratory tables, cabinets, fume cupboards and ventilation equipment: communicate with laboratory operators to determine the placement of instruments and equipment in various different functional rooms and customized laboratory furniture.
3. Determine the experimental area and office area and auxiliary function rooms: determine the heavy pollution of the experimental area and light pollution of the experimental area, you can determine the reasonable degree of pollution of each functional area. At the same time in the heavy pollution area we have to design reasonable ventilation equipment to protect, in order to prevent pollution in different functional areas between the penetration of diffusion, to protect the safety of experimental operators. Specific attention should be paid to the following points:
A. Laboratory design should refer to the "general hospital building design specification";
B. Laboratory safety design to follow the "ISO15190: 2003 (E) 2003.10.15 1st edition of medical laboratories - safety requirements"
C. Determine the severity of contamination in different functional areas, rational planning process;
D. Determine the route of personnel flow, and the intensity of personnel activities, the strict implementation of the minimization of personnel flow, as far as possible, the use of large space design, in order to reduce the activities of personnel in the area of the public ****, and the requirement of specimen transfer line is the shortest;
E. Determine the potential for contamination of spillover protective measures
F. Determine the laboratory "three wastes" emissions need to meet the standards;
G. Determine the laboratory communication, fire protection facilities and laboratory self-protection functions, the necessary detection, display, alarm function;
Pathology laboratory planning (Chapter 3)
Pathology laboratory Overall planning and design instructions
Section 1, the main basis for the design of the pathology laboratory building:
Code for the Architectural Design of General Hospitals (JGJ49-88)
Code for the Architectural Design of Scientific Laboratories (JGJ91-93)
General Requirements for Laboratory Biosafety (GB 19489 -2004)
Special Requirements for Quality and Competence of Medical Laboratories (ISO-15189)
Medical Laboratories - Safety Requirements, 1st Edition (ISO-15190)
Laboratory staff on laboratory design Requirements and assumptions
Section 2, Pathology Department, the main components of the experimental functional areas: for the main purpose of the pathology laboratory, the basic performance indicators and other characteristics, to determine a reasonable division of the functional areas, while the laboratory functional areas should meet the division of the laboratory functional areas should be enough space to place the laboratory table, fume hood ordinary workbench and its basic equipment such as reagent freezer, frozen sectioning machine, centrifuge and other apparatus requirements. For the XX People's Hospital Pathology Laboratory, we suggest that the experimental area has the following functional areas: specimen receiving room, specimen storage room, extraction and dehydration room, embedded section and frozen section room, staining and preparation room, cytology and TCT room, immunization and special dye room. The specimen receiving room, specimen storage room, and material dehydration room are heavily polluted areas, and the embedded section and frozen section room, staining and preparation room, cytology and TCT room, and immunization and special dye room are lightly polluted areas; the comprehensive reading and office, documentation room, wax archive room, and the director's office are clean offices; the auxiliary rooms can be set up at one end of the experimental area.
Section III Pathology Laboratory Decoration Recommendations:
I. Partition Program: Pathology Department overall partition is recommended to use the upper tempered white glass, the lower part of the solid wall, the lower part of the height of the solid wall and the sill of the external wall is as high as the partition wall and by the external wall of the laboratory wall surface of the internal wall with high-quality tiles are covered to prevent dust on the wall area. The upper part is made of high quality toughened white glass over 10mm, and the corner and open door are made of columns.
Two, the ground program: pathology laboratory area floor is recommended to use more than 2mm PVC coil, PVC coil with no gaps, not easy to accumulate dust, high wear resistance, impact resistance, antibacterial, easy to clean, no noise and other characteristics. It is the preferred material for laboratory floor. Pathology office and auxiliary room floor is recommended to use not less than 600 × 600mm high-quality polished tiles.
Three, the ceiling program: pathology laboratory ceiling is recommended to use lightweight keel embedded or floating shelves type aluminum ceiling.
Four, door lock program: pathology laboratory is recommended to use convenient and durable ball lock.
Fifth, anti-mosquito, anti-insect, anti-rodent program: in order to protect the specimens and experimental areas, it is recommended that the entire area of the pathology laboratory to do anti-mosquito, anti-insect, anti-rodent treatment, that is, in the external wall windows to install anti-mosquito, anti-insect, anti-rodent screens.
Sixth, security and anti-theft program: in order to protect the pathology laboratory equipment, computers, and pathology files, specimens of security, it is recommended that the pathology laboratory and other areas of the connection between the installation of anti-theft door.