The family is a warm harbor, but at any time there will be a variety of small accidents, how to accurately determine and implement first aid in the first time, we must master a discipline. So, do you know what are the family first aid precautions? Here is what I have organized for you family first aid precautions, welcome to read.
What are the family first aid precautions
First, acute abdominal pain avoid taking painkillers:
In order to avoid masking the condition, delayed diagnosis, should go to the hospital as soon as possible to check the diagnosis.
Second, abdominal injury viscera out of the taboo immediately after the reset:
out of the viscera must be thoroughly sterilized by the doctor and then reset. To prevent infection and serious consequences.
Third, the use of tourniquet ligation avoid excessive time:
Tourniquet should be relaxed every hour for a quarter of an hour, and make a record, to prevent ischemic necrosis of the distal limb due to the ligation of the limb is too long.
Fourth, comatose patients should not lie on their backs:
They should be made to lie on their sides to prevent oral secretions and vomitus from being sucked into the respiratory tract and causing suffocation. More than anything else, you can't give a comatose patient food or water.
Fifth, cardiogenic asthma patients should not lie down:
Because lying down will increase the stasis of the lungs and the burden on the heart, so that asthma aggravated, life-threatening. You should take the semi-recumbent position to make the lower limbs down.
Sixth, cerebral hemorrhage patients should not be moved randomly:
If in the activities of a sudden fall unconscious or paralyzed with cerebral hemorrhage, it is likely to have a cerebral hemorrhage, randomly moving will make the bleeding more serious, should be lying down, elevate the head, and immediately sent to the hospital.
Seven, small and deep wounds avoid sloppy bandage:
If you are stabbed by a sharp instrument after sloppy bandage, will make the wound hypoxia, resulting in anaerobic growth of tetanus bacillus and other anaerobic bacteria, should be cleaned and disinfected before bandaging, and injection of tetanus antitoxin.
Eight, diarrhea patients should not take antidiarrheal drugs:
In the absence of anti-inflammatory drugs before the indiscriminate use of antidiarrheal drugs, will make it difficult to discharge toxins, intestinal inflammation intensified. Should be used in the use of anti-inflammatory drugs dysentery, Huangluanxin, haloperidol and then use antidiarrheal drugs, such as Yi Meng stop.
Nine, electrocuted people avoid unarmed pull to save:
hair found someone electrocuted immediately cut off the power supply, and immediately with dry sticks, bamboo yu and other insulators discharged wires.
Family First Aid
First, foreign objects into the eyes
Any small object or liquid, even a grain of sand or a drop of detergent into the eyes, will cause eye pain, and even damage to the cornea.
First aid: Start by blinking hard and often to wash the foreign object out with tears. If that doesn't work, pinch up the eyelids and rinse your eyes under the faucet. Be sure to remove your contact lenses.
Absolutely forbidden: no rubbing of the eyes, no matter how small the foreign body can scratch the cornea and cause an infection. If the foreign body enters deeper into the eye, then it is important to consult a doctor immediately.
Bright Alert: If a corrosive liquid splashes into your eyes, you must go to the hospital immediately; if your eyes are still uncomfortable after self-treatment, burning, edema, or blurred vision, you need to ask your doctor to treat it with professional equipment, and you can't do it recklessly.
Second, sprains
When the ligaments around the joints are stretched too far beyond their capacity, sprains occur, and they are usually accompanied by bruises and edema.
First aid: Within 24 hours of the sprain, try to apply an ice pack every hour for half an hour. Wrap the injury with an elastic compression bandage and elevate the injured area. 24 hours later, start to change the affected area to a hot compress to promote blood flow to the injured area.
Absolutely forbidden: You can't move the injured joint freely, otherwise it is easy to cause ligament tear, and it is relatively difficult to recover.
Bright Alert: If after a few days of self-treatment and rest, the affected area is still painful and difficult to move, then it may be a fracture, muscle strain or ligament rupture, and you need to go to the hospital immediately.
Third, nosebleed
Nosebleed is caused by the rupture of blood vessels in the nasal cavity, the blood vessels in the nose are all very fragile, so nosebleed is also a relatively common small accident.
First aid: lean forward slightly and pinch the cartilage area below the bridge of the nose with your fingers for about 5-15 minutes.
If available, placing a small ice pack on the bridge of the nose also has the effect of quickly stopping the bleeding.
Absolutely forbidden: Tilting your head backward will cause the nosebleed to flow into the mouth, and some of the blood will inevitably be sucked into the lungs in a panic, which is neither safe nor hygienic.
Bright Alert: If a nosebleed continues for 20 minutes and doesn't stop, the patient should go to the hospital right away and ask for medical help. If the nosebleeds are too frequent and unexplained, or are accompanied by other symptoms such as headaches, ringing in the ears, loss of vision, and dizziness, it is also important to go to the hospital, as this may be a sign of a concussion or trauma to the brain.
Fourth, burns
Burns are divided into three levels: a scalding will cause the skin red and tingling sensation; the second level of scalding after the occurrence of visible blisters; the third level of scalding will lead to the skin breakout black.
First aid: once the scald, immediately placed in the hot part of the flow of water rinse or cold towels with cold compresses, if the scald area is large, the injured should be immersed in the whole body in a bathtub full of cold water. You can wrap gauze or a bandage loosely around the burn to protect the wound.
Absolutely forbidden: You can't use ice to treat a burn. Ice can damage the skin that's already broken and cause the wound to get worse. Do not break the blisters, or it will leave a scar. Don't put antibiotic ointment or grease on the wound, as these sticky substances can easily get dirty.
Bright Alert: Third-degree burns, electrocution burns, and burns from chemicals should always be treated at a hospital. In addition, if the patient has a cough, watery eyes or difficulty breathing, you need professional medical help. Second-degree burns that are larger than the palm of the hand should also be seen by the patient, as professional treatment can avoid scarring.
Fifth, choking
Real choking in real life rarely happens, choking on water or choking on food is generally not choking. When choking occurs, the patient will not have a strong cough, cannot speak or breathe, and his face will turn red or purple for a short time.
First aid: First, call an ambulance. While waiting for the ambulance, you need to take the following measures: let the patient's body lean forward, and use the palm of your hand to pat the patient's back in the middle of the shoulders. If that doesn't work, then you need to stand behind the patient, put your fist against the patient's abdominal back, hold that fist with your other hand, push up and down hard to push out five times to help the patient breathe. Patients can also take this self-help measure: press their abdomen against a hard object, such as a kitchen countertop, and then squeeze their abdomen hard enough to make whatever is stuck in their throat pop out.
An absolute no-no: do not give water or other food to a person who is coughing.
Bright Alert: Whenever choking occurs, an ambulance needs to be called quickly to rescue the patient.
Six, poisoning
Poisoning in the home is usually due to accidental ingestion of cleaning and washing products, carbon monoxide inhalation or insecticide ingestion.
First aid: If the patient is already in a state of confusion or respiratory distress, call an ambulance quickly and be prepared to answer the following questions: what substance was ingested or inhaled, how much, the patient's weight, age, and the duration of the poisoning.
Absolutely forbidden: not calling an ambulance until symptoms appear often delays treatment. While waiting for help, do not give the patient anything to eat or drink, and do not attempt to help the patient induce vomiting, as some toxic substances may harm other organs of the patient in the process of being vomited out.
Bright Alert: Whenever poisoning occurs, an ambulance needs to be called quickly to rescue the patient.
VII. Head? Attacked?
The skull itself is very hard, so general external forces rarely cause skull damage. If the external force is too violent, the neck, back, head of the fragile blood vessels have become a ? victims?
First aid: If you have a bag on your head, then use an ice pack on the affected area to reduce edema. If the head begins to bleed after being smashed, dispose of it in the same way as being cut, that is, use a clean towel to press the wound to stop the bleeding, and then go to the hospital to sew up the wound and check whether there are internal injuries. If the smashed person faints, then you need to call an ambulance to send to the hospital quickly, not a moment to delay.
Absolutely forbidden: do not let the injured person sleep alone. Within 24 hours of being smashed, someone must stay with the injured person. If the injured person falls asleep, then they should be woken up every three hours and asked to answer a few simple questions to make sure that they are not in a coma and that there are no intracranial injuries, such as a concussion.
Bright Alert: When the injured person has convulsions, dizziness, vomiting, nausea, or is behaving in a visibly abnormal way, they need to be admitted to the hospital immediately.
Eight, fried
1, if fried eyes, do not go rubbing and messy rinsing, up to the appropriate amount of anti-inflammatory eye drops into the eye, and lie down, call the 120 or rushed to hospitals with conditions.
2, such as hands or feet by firecrackers and other injuries bleeding, should be quickly with both hands for the top of the bleeding parts of the card, such as Yunnan Baiyao powder or panax ginseng powder can be sprinkled to stop bleeding. If the bleeding is not only a large amount, the application of rubber bands or coarse cloth tied above the bleeding part, elevate the affected limb, and urgently sent to the hospital for trauma treatment. However, the bandage should be loosened once every 15 minutes to avoid ischemic necrosis of the affected area.
Nine, finger cuts
1, if the bleeding is small and the injury is not serious, can be cleaned after the band-aid over the wound. Do not advocate applying red potion or hemostatic powder or other drugs on the wound, as long as the wound is kept clean.
2. If the wound is large and bleeding, you should stop the bleeding first, and then go to the hospital immediately. Specific methods to stop the bleeding is: the wound with a clean gauze bandage, pinch the root of the fingers on both sides and raised over the heart, because the blood vessels are distributed in the left and right sides, to take this gesture can effectively stop the bleeding. The use of a rubber tourniquet will be more effective, but be careful, every 20-30 minutes must relax the tourniquet for a few minutes, otherwise it is easy to cause ischemic necrosis of the finger.
Ten, cerebral hemorrhage
First aid mnemonic: head to the side
Typical symptoms: people with a history of high blood pressure, due to the sudden drop in temperature or emotional excitement, suddenly slurred speech or even coma.
1, the family to restrain feelings, do not in order to wake up the patient and shouting or violent shaking coma, otherwise it will only make the condition deteriorate rapidly.
2, the patient lying flat on the bed, due to elevated cerebral pressure, such patients are very prone to projectile vomiting, such as timely removal of vomit, may lead to cerebral hemorrhage coma due to vomit blockage of the airway suffocation and death. Therefore, the patient's head must be turned to the side so that the vomit can flow out of the mouth.
3. Family members can use ice packs or cold towels on the patient's forehead to stop bleeding and reduce brain pressure.
Family first aid kit, what should be loaded
1 Ordinary family non-elderly family
Family first aid kit is best placed at the bedside
Every family in Japan is equipped with ? Emergency preparedness items bag? Many families in Europe and the United States will always have a first aid kit, put mineral water, cookies, whistles, torches and towels. Every family in our country should prepare a first aid kit, in addition to dealing with a variety of sudden disasters, usually accidental injuries can also be used. First aid kit should be placed in the usual activities of the most places, the first choice is the bedroom bedside, in case of earthquakes or fires and other occurrences in the night, you can sleep in the shortest possible time to get the first aid kit on the run. General first aid kit to 1-15 kilograms is appropriate.
Gauze bandages are essential medical items
The most important thing in a first aid kit is that you should put some emergency medical and hygiene items. You can put the following ten essential emergency medical items:
1. triangular bandage: a large piece of triangular gauze, fracture can be tied to the head and back and other places, but also can be fractured or injured hand fixed on the neck.
2. Medical elastic bandage: commonly used medical bandages, bandaging wounds with.
3. Medical skimmed gauze: commonly used medical gauze, compression to stop bleeding, cover the wound with.
4. Iodophor cotton swabs: an individually packaged disinfectant swabs, cotton swabs on the top, hollow tube in the middle, iodine in the tube, used for cleaning and disinfecting small wounds, there will be no cross-infection.
5. Band-Aid: 10 pieces.
6. Medical tape: ordinary medical tape for bandaging wounds.
7. Cleansing wipes: for cleaning the skin.
8. First aid booklet: image of cartoon first aid knowledge.
9. Topical sprays: to activate blood circulation.
10. Cooling stickers or chilled mineral water: mainly for children, children's thermoregulatory system is not perfect, easy to high fever convulsions, when the temperature is below 38.5 ℃, you can use these items to cold compress the forehead, arteries and other places, to play the role of physical cooling.
How to deal with accidents
Eye blowout? Do not use water to clean
Blow-ups, cuts, burns, fish sticking in the throat, etc. are common accidental injuries at home, experts say that every family member should have first aid common sense, in case of accident.
Blast injuries can easily cause eye foreign body injury, eye rupture, traumatic cataract, increased intraocular pressure glaucoma, intraocular hemorrhage, retinal detachment, eye atrophy. Once an injury occurs do not panic, a clean gauze can be used to gently cover, they must not use water to wash the eyes; do not force pressure has been blown eyeballs, because the pressure has been broken eyeballs of the contents of the eye may be out of the medical skills of the doctor, has been most of the contents of the eye loss of eyeballs are not able to save, can only be regretted to carry out the eyeball removal surgery.
Finger cuts? Do not self-medicate
If the finger cut is bleeding less and the injury is not serious, you can cover the wound with a band-aid after cleaning. It is not advisable to apply medication such as red potion or hemostatic powder to the wound, as long as the wound is kept clean. If the wound is large and bleeding, stop the bleeding first and then go to the hospital immediately. Specific methods to stop bleeding are: the wound with a clean gauze bandage, pinch both sides of the root of the finger and raised above the heart, because the blood vessels are distributed in the left and right sides, take this gesture can effectively stop the bleeding. The use of a rubber tourniquet will be more effective, but be careful, every 20-30 minutes you must relax the tourniquet for a few minutes, otherwise it is easy to cause ischemic necrosis of the finger.
Cerebral hemorrhage? Ensure that the vomit flows out smoothly
Someone in the family has a cerebral hemorrhage, the family should restrain their feelings, do not in order to wake up the patient and shout or violently shaking the unconscious person, otherwise it will only make the condition deteriorate rapidly. To lay the patient flat on the bed, due to elevated brain pressure, such patients are very prone to projectile vomiting, such as timely removal of vomit, may lead to cerebral hemorrhage coma due to vomit blockage of the airway suffocation and death. Therefore, the patient's head must be turned to the side so that the vomit can flow out of the mouth. At the same time, immediately call 120, 999 emergency telephone.
2 elderly people living in the family
Now nine out of ten elderly people are suffering from cardiovascular disease,
In addition to the need to comply with medical advice to take the drug, usually may wish to prepare a little more nitroglycerin, once you feel chest tightness, heart discomfort, or angina pectoris, will be immediately contained service. Li Qubing said, now nitroglycerin has a new spray, as long as the spray on the two on the pipe, more convenient. If the parents suffer from cerebrovascular disease, children can be at home to prepare a little Angong Niuhuangwan, if you find signs of stroke, such as sudden slurring of speech, can not speak, it is best to let them serve on a grain.
Digestive drugs: Poor gastrointestinal function is also a common problem for the elderly. On the one hand, they are prone to flatulence after eating, you can prepare some morphine such as gastrointestinal power medicine; on the other hand, constipation is not a big problem, but therefore the sudden death of the elderly is quite a lot. Therefore, you should prepare some laxatives, such as Kaiser Permanente.
Sphygmomanometer, blood glucose meter: for blood pressure agent, the ear is not good for the elderly best choice of electronic, the accuracy is generally not a problem. When feeling dizzy, chest tightness and other uncomfortable symptoms, it is best to measure in time. In addition, usually after getting up in the morning, it is best to also measure the blood pressure, in order to detect abnormalities earlier. Blood glucose meter is a must-have for diabetic patients, and you can measure it anytime and anywhere when you are uncomfortable.
Oxygen bag: heart disease patients or patients with poor lung function, it is recommended to prepare a. But note that the oxygen bag can only solve the problem of the heart disease. But note that the oxygen bag can only solve? A moment of pain? Once the symptoms are relieved, you must go to a regular hospital.
Thermometer: The sensitivity of the elderly to changes in their own body temperature is not as great as it used to be, and most of the time they do not feel that they have a fever. Therefore, when the elderly spirit is not good, no appetite, it is best to measure the body temperature, to see if it is a fever? The trouble is that it is not a fever. And, fever is many major diseases? The leader of the pack?
These are the first time I've ever seen a man with a high level of health.
In addition, cold, fever, cough, asthma medicines can also be long standby.