Hunhe River was called Xiaoliao River in Han Dynasty, and was later renamed Shenshui. Originated in the west side of Gunmaling, a remnant vein in Longgang, Changbai Mountain. It flows through Qingyuan and Xinbin, passes through Fushun and Shenyang urban areas and the boundaries of Lighthouse, Liaozhong and Liaoyang, and joins the Taizi River at the junction of Haicheng, Taian and Panshan. The merged water is called Daliao River, which flows into the Bohai Sea south of Yingkou City. The total length of this river is 4 15km, with a total drainage area of 1 14000 km2, of which the section flowing through Fushun is 207.5km, with a drainage area of 7,353km2, accounting for 67% of the total drainage area of Fushun.
The fertile Hunhe River once ravaged the country.
In ancient times, Hunhe River was wide and deep. According to relevant historical records, Fushun primeval forest is lush, covering the sky, with frequent water traffic and constant boat trips. Among them, from Qingyuan downstream, the scene of "herding sheep" to transport firewood is particularly spectacular. There was a saying that "Qingyuan is endless and dissatisfied with Shenyang". It is widely rumored that when Qing Taizu Nuerhachi led the Eight Banners army to attack Shenyang after the Salhu War, his trench and ordnance were transported from Xingjing to Hunhe River. Many building materials of the Forbidden City in Shenyang were transported to Shenyang by water from Xinbin and other places. At that time, Hunhe River was also extremely rich in aquatic products, including carp, crucian carp, silver carp and grass carp. Every summer and autumn, fishermen row boats and cast nets on the river and always go home with a lot of harvest.
However, Hunhe River also left many painful memories for Fushun people. Before liberation, there were only written records. There were five major floods in Hunhe River, of which Guangxu 14 (1888) was the largest. At the peak, the water level exceeded the original Gebu bridge deck by more than one meter, flooding Fushun and Shenyang urban areas. Another example is1July, 935, when Japanese imperialism invaded Northeast China, it rained cats and dogs, and the Hunhe River soared, flooding more than 2 million mu of land, destroying 75,000 houses, taking away 25,000 heads of livestock/kloc-0, and displacing more than 300,000 people.
The high gorge outside Pinghu
The years passed and turned upside down. After the founding of New China, the Party and the government decided to allocate huge sums of money to build large reservoirs in the upper reaches of Hunhe River, so as to completely eradicate the flood in Hunhe River. 1one day in March, 954, an unusual rumble of mountain guns sounded more than 0/0 kilometers east of Fushun city. Four years later, a dam with a length of 1.367 meters and a height of 48 meters rose from the ground on the Hunhe River, which was later called Dahuofang. It is said that Xue, a famous Tang Dynasty soldier, once camped in the east twice. The dam can store 2 1 100 million cubic meters of water, which miraculously shows the magnificent scene of "high gorge flowing out of Pinghu".
On June 2nd, 1958, Vice President Zhu De visited Fushun. After visiting Dahuofang Reservoir, he happily wrote: "Dahuofang Reservoir originated in Changbai Mountain, and people in Fushun industrial and mining area have enjoyed happiness for generations." Now, 50 years later. In this half century, Hunhe River Basin experienced a flood every 10 year on average. Every time a flash flood rages, it is stopped by Dahuofang Reservoir. Dahuofang Reservoir not only locks the wildness of Hunhe River, but also plays an extremely important role in tourism, irrigation, power generation, fish farming and providing drinking water for downstream cities.
The dream of "Budapest in the East"
If the construction of Dahuofang Reservoir is the prelude to the comprehensive improvement of Hunhe River, then the improvement of the urban section of Hunhe River is a new movement of this systematic project. I remember that in the late 1950s, some people once imagined that Budapest on the Danube had pleasant scenery and Fushun also had a river. Why can't it become "Budapest in the East"? However, because the new China has just been established, people need to "produce first, then live", and it is a common phenomenon to "emphasize production and neglect environmental protection". It can only be the extravagant hope of the people of the whole city to manage the urban section of Hunhe River well and turn it into "Budapest in the East".
From 1950s to 1970s, Fushun, as a base of heavy chemical industry, developed strongly. A large number of industrial wastewater, waste residue and waste gas, together with sewage and garbage generated by residents' lives, are continuously discharged into Hunhe River, polluting the originally clean river beyond recognition.
At the end of 1978, the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Party blew the horn of reform and opening up. As the eldest son of the Republic of China, Fushun's industrial and agricultural production is changing with each passing day, and people's life is getting better every year. "Environmental protection", "sustainable development" and "ecological civilization" have increasingly become people's unremitting pursuit goals. Fushun's decision-makers began to realize that "Hunhe River is not cured and Fushun is not smooth;" The Weihe River is unclear, and Fushun is difficult to prosper. " Hunhe River is the soul of the city, and dressing up Hunhe River is to polish Fushun's eyes. In order to realize the all-round, coordinated and sustainable development of economy and society, it is necessary to turn Hunhe River into the largest urban landscape axis of Fushun, a coal capital, in order to change the old concept that "the place where coal is produced must be linked to the mess".
According to "Fushun Master Plan Report" approved by the State Council, from 65438 to 0983, successive municipal party committees and municipal governments led the people of the whole city to carry out large-scale and vigorous governance and transformation of the middle section of Hunhe River. First the north bank, then the south bank, first the middle and then the two ends. On both sides of the 30-kilometer urban section of Hunhe River, 8-meter-high revetment levees were built, like two silver dragons, which locked the river tightly on the riverbed with a width of more than 300 meters, which could resist the once-in-300-year flood. Three rubber dams and two sluice gates have been built successively, which are like lying waves across the urban river bed, creating a water surface of 5.6 million square meters and a waterfall with a length of 1500 meters, effectively regulating the temperature and temperature of the city.
In order to turn the natural moat into a thoroughfare, 65,438+0 bridges with different shapes, such as Xinhua Bridge, Jiangjun Bridge, Gebu Bridge, Changchun Bridge, Heping Bridge, Tianhu Bridge and Yong 'an Bridge, were invested and rebuilt on the sparkling Hunhe River, and the Hunhe South Road, Xincheng Road, Linjiang Road and Gaoshan Road built near the river made the urban area. On the green belt built along the river, there are eight parks with different styles, such as Liu Xing, Lv Fang, Frost Leaf, Xu Anqi and Xianbi. Cloisters with winding paths, lush green trees and sculptures are pleasing to the eye and become a good place for citizens to exercise and relax.
Hunhe River reconstruction has a long way to go.
In order to fundamentally improve the water quality of Hunhe River, the projects of closing hillsides to facilitate afforestation, afforestation, returning farmland to forests and natural forest protection were implemented in the main stream and its tributaries, so that the forest coverage rate of the whole basin reached 67.6%. Implement the "one control and two standards" project of key enterprises in the city, vigorously develop circular economy, and implement reclaimed water reuse and waste residue recycling. Hundreds of small papermaking, chemical, oil refining, coal mining and cement enterprises in the upper reaches of Hunhe River were closed. 200 1 A sewage treatment plant with a daily treatment capacity of 250,000 tons was established in Sanbaotun, and the industrial and civil sewage received reached the standard, greatly reducing the environmental carrying capacity of Hunhe River. Nowadays, geese, wild ducks and egrets often feed and play on the Hunhe River. Some fishing enthusiasts hold sliders in droves, waiting leisurely for the fish to automatically take the bait.
It should be said that great achievements have been made in protecting and developing the mother river since the reform and opening up. However, we should also see that there is still a long way to go to restore the true colors of Hunhe River, and there is a lot of work waiting for us to do. For example, there are many sewage outlets in the urban section of the Hunhe River, and dirty water is still being poured into the Hunhe River. Most tributaries of Hunhe urban section 13 are still of super-V water quality. Due to financial problems, the facilities of urban sewage treatment plants cannot operate at full capacity. Due to the lack of unified planning of buildings on both sides of the Hunhe River, high-rise buildings block most of the landscape of the Hunhe River from the depth.
Fortunately, under the guidance of Scientific Outlook on Development, this session of the municipal party committee and municipal government regards the construction of the landscape axis of Hunhe River as an important event to ensure environmental safety and enhance the city's taste, and as a breakthrough to promote the urbanization of Shenyang and Fuzhou, and puts forward the idea of "population gathering on both sides of Hunhe River and industry moving to peripheral parks", and signed an agreement with Shenyang to control Hunhe River. It can be predicted that in the near future, with the unremitting efforts of Shen Fu and the people of Shenyang, the beautiful Hunhe River will bloom with a brighter smile, become a real natural ecological river, a river that shows the historical context of Liaoshen and a river that brings rolling wealth to the people on both sides of the strait. Fushun people's dream of "Oriental Budapest" for half a century will surely come true in our generation.
The turbulent Hunhe River is just a trickle at the source.