1. Human beings cannot live without natural resources every moment. Natural resources such as land, water and energy are the basis of human survival. All kinds of living things are also important resources for the survival and development of human beings.
2. Natural resources include renewable resources and non-renewable resources.
3. Biodiversity is the main feature of nature.
4. Humans also live in the natural environment. The environment is the space and material conditions on which human beings depend for their survival and development.
5. Humans and nature are closely linked through food chains. There are various ecosystems in the environment and the balance of the whole ecosystem is maintained through the food chain.
6. Land is the mother of all things. Water, soil and air are the source of life.
7. Dust and sandstorms are typical environmental disasters brought to mankind by land desertification.
8, in order to the survival and development of future generations, we have to leave room for the development and utilization of resources, and can not be exhausted. This is one of the essentials of the idea of sustainable development.
Two, the question summarizes
1, the natural environment includes those factors? What is the relationship between human beings and nature?
Factors: geological environment, water environment, ecological environment, atmospheric environment, spatial environment and so on.
Relationship: ①Human beings live in the natural environment and obtain all kinds of natural resources from it to maintain their survival and development. Therefore, the environment is the space and material conditions for human survival and development. ② Humans are the product of nature and part of nature. ③ Humans and nature are tightly linked through the food chain, therefore, human beings should cherish nature and respect all life in nature.
2, the importance of biodiversity (role): ① biodiversity has a high value, the most valuable is: it is the genetic resource base created by nature; ② biodiversity is the most important part of the life-supporting system, maintains the balance of the ecosystem of the natural world, and is the indispensable foundation of human survival and sustainable development; ③ biodiversity reduction will certainly deteriorate the human living environment, limit the opportunities for human survival and development, and even seriously threaten the survival and development of mankind.
3. Resources are being depleted and the environment is being destroyed
Due to the excessive consumption of human beings, natural resources are being depleted and the environment is deteriorating. The depletion of resources is manifested in the reduction of species, desertification of land, shortage of water resources and lack of energy. The destruction of the environment is manifested in the fact that while consuming more resources,
human beings have seriously polluted the water, soil and air and damaged the natural environment.
4, the reasons for the decline of species and the serious consequences
Reasons: ① Because of mankind's indiscriminate logging and fishing and environmental pollution, species around the world are disappearing at the rate of dozens of
species per day. ② Because after a species goes extinct, it never regenerates, and because of the food chain,
for every species that disappears on Earth, there are often 10-30 other species that depend on that species that
disappear with it.
Consequences: The reduction of biodiversity will certainly deteriorate the living environment of human beings, limit the opportunities for human survival and development
, and even seriously threaten the survival and development of human beings.
5. Causes and Serious Consequences of Land Desertification
Causes: Land desertification is becoming more and more serious due to the influence of various factors, especially human activities, such as over-cutting of forests, over-grazing of grasslands, and over-cultivation.
Consequence: the typical environmental disaster brought by land desertification to human beings is sandstorm.
6. Causes and Serious Consequences of Water Scarcity
Causes: Excessive human consumption and environmental pollution.
Consequences: The crisis of fresh water resources may be the biggest existential crisis facing mankind in the future.
7. Causes and Serious Consequences of the Scarcity of Energy Resources
Causes: Irrational exploitation and utilization, over-consumption.
Consequences: hindering economic and social development and affecting sustainable development.
8. Causes and Serious Consequences of Water Pollution
Cause: water resources have been seriously polluted as a result of human production and living activities.
Consequences: affecting biological growth and human health.
9. Causes and Serious Consequences of Soil Pollution
Cause: human beings use chemical fertilizers and pesticides in large quantities, and there are more and more wastewater, residues and garbage produced by daily life and industrial production.
Consequences: Not only does it seriously damage the growth of crops, but it also directly or indirectly damages the health of human beings and other living things.
10, causes and hazards of atmospheric pollution
Cause: due to the increasing use of coal, oil and other energy sources in human life and production, factories, residential areas and automobiles, etc. will be more and more emissions into the air, the atmosphere is getting more and more serious pollution.
Consequence: Atmospheric pollution will not only seriously affect the survival of various creatures on earth, but also seriously damage human health.
11. In the face of the serious situation of population, resources and environment, what is the only choice for human beings?
Implementing the strategy of sustainable development, controlling population growth, saving resources and protecting the environment.
Unit 2
I. Knowledge Summarization:
1. The public **** interests around us include: public **** places, public **** facilities, public **** services (public **** health care, public **** education).
Public **** services in the public **** health business is to control the number of population, improve the quality of the population of health technology to ensure.
Public **** education is of far-reaching significance in upgrading the quality of the population and improving people's quality of life and quality of life.
2. The public **** interests of all mankind include: international security, international economy, international culture, and natural environmental resources.
3, the construction of public *** public *** facilities for the main purpose: in order to directly benefit the people, for the convenience of people's lives, the government is the main provider and manager of public *** facilities.
4. In the face of conflict, we should give priority to the interests of the public ****, while protecting the legitimate rights and interests of individuals in accordance with the law.
5. Governments around the world are vigorously developing public welfare programs such as health care and education for the benefit of their people through taxation.
6, public **** interests and personal interests conflict performance: ① individual interests and public **** interests in opposition; ② some units or groups of interests and public **** interests in conflict.
7, public **** interests in the public **** life has priority, but this is not the same as ignoring the legitimacy and reasonableness of personal interests.
8. Taxes are the main source of a country's financial revenue, the financial guarantee to support national construction, and an important guarantee to improve the quality of life of the people. Taxes are taken from the people and used for the people.
9, the realization of the interests of public **** need ① moral constraints ② legal regulation ③ institutional safeguards.
10, schools, enterprises, the army, the government, etc. are specific social organizations, the maintenance of public **** interests is the responsibility of social organizations can not be shirked, they play an important role in the maintenance of public **** interests.
11, the government is the largest provider and guardian of public **** interests. In a certain sense, the degree of realization of public **** interests reflects the level and ability of the government, but also reflects the degree of civilization and social progress of a country.
12, the government to protect the interests of the public **** a variety of ways: legal, administrative, economic, educational, moral education.
13, administration in accordance with the law is the basic guideline for the government to govern for the people and fulfill its duties.
14. In the era of economic globalization, governments have cooperated extensively in international security, international economy, international culture, etc., *** with the maintenance of mankind's ****same interests.
15. Non-governmental organizations also play an indispensable role in safeguarding the interests of the public **** and play a pivotal role.
16. The public ****services provided by NGOs have covered a wide range of fields from environmental protection, education, scientific research, social work, charity to public ****transportation and public welfare exhibitions.
17, in social life, each person is responsible for a specific social role, each social role corresponds to a certain responsibility, if each occupational role required by the share of responsibility are fulfilled, the society can be a harmonious and orderly functioning of each person, which is to maintain the interests of the public * * * * to do their share of responsibility.
18, social morality is people in the public **** life should follow the simplest, the minimum code of conduct, is the realization of public **** interests of the bottom line ethics.
Unit 3
I. Key Points of Knowledge
1. There are five provincial-level ethnic autonomous regions in China: the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, the Tibet Autonomous Region, the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, and the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. These autonomous regions are inhabited by Uyghur, Tibetan, Mongolian, Hui, Zhuang and many other ethnic groups.
2, Zhuang is China's largest ethnic minority population of 18 million. Zhuang brocade is the traditional arts and crafts of the Zhuang people.
3. The system of regional ethnic autonomy is a basic political system in China.
4. Vigorous efforts are being made to train and use ethnic minority cadres, and the participation of ethnic minorities in politics is fully guaranteed. The equal rights of ethnic minorities in politics are guaranteed.
5. China's basic principle in dealing with ethnic relations: the principle of equality, unity and ****same prosperity among ethnic groups.
6. On October 1, 1949, the People's Republic of China was proclaimed the People's Republic of China, and over the past 50 years, the Party and the government have formulated the great policy of "peaceful reunification and one country, two systems", and accomplished the smooth return of Hong Kong and Macao to the motherland, but the question of Taiwan has not yet been resolved.
7. The concept of "one country, two systems" began with the resolution of the Taiwan question.
8. On July 1, 1997, the Chinese government resumed the exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong. The return of Hong Kong was an important step for the Chinese people on the road to completing the great cause of reunification, marking the great success of the concept of "one country, two systems."
8. On December 20, 1999, the Chinese government resumed the exercise of sovereignty over Macao.
9. China has been a unified multi-ethnic country since ancient times.
10. All historical and legal facts about Taiwan prove that Taiwan is an inalienable part of China.
11. The reunification of the motherland is a sign of the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, and the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation is the wish of all the people of all ethnic groups in the country, including our compatriots in Taiwan.
12, to solve the Taiwan question and realize the reunification of the motherland, at present, we should vigorously develop cross-strait exchanges centered on the "three links" (trade, navigation and postal services), and enhance the people's *** knowledge and feelings.
13. By the middle of the 21st century, the 100th anniversary of the founding of New China, we should basically achieve the goals of (1) realizing socialist modernization, (2) realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, and (3) building our country into a rich, strong, democratic and civilized modern socialist country. Unit 4
①Labor creates mankind, the world and civilization. ② Labor, promotes the growth and development of man and enriches his spiritual world. ③ Labor, the source of good life, is the first need for human survival and development.
2. Why do you say that labor creates human beings? (How do you understand that labor created man himself?)
Human beings evolved gradually from ancient apes over millions of years. In this process, it was labor that contributed to the transformation from ape to man, and ultimately distinguished man from animals. Therefore, labor created man himself, and without labor there would be no human beings.
3. How to understand that labor promotes human growth and development?
①Through the invention and use of labor tools, human beings have extended the functions of certain organs of the body and strengthened their ability to make a living and develop in the natural world. ② Labor is an important way to cultivate and develop man's moral qualities and improve his spiritual state. ③ Labor not only promotes the development of human physiology, psychology and morality, but also is closely related to personal success and career success. ④ Labor can exercise our ability, sharpen our will, and strengthen our sense of self-improvement, self-confidence and self-reliance. ⑤ Through labor, we can not only learn to struggle hard, bear hardships and stand hard work, strong and unyielding, but also be able to appreciate the hard-won fruits of labor, learn to be hard and simple, hardworking and thrifty.
Unit IV
(a), the main points of knowledge:
1. The characteristics of the new type of workers (qualities): ① good at learning new knowledge ② mastery of new technologies ③ innovation ability.
2. Technological innovation has become an important way for enterprises to form core competitiveness.
(2), the problem is summarized:
1. How to understand "labor"? (What is the importance of labor to human beings and human society?)
①Labor creates human beings, the world and civilization. ② Labor promotes the growth and development of human beings and enriches their spiritual world. ③Labor, the source of a good life, is the first need for human survival and development.
2. Why do you say that labor creates human beings? (How do you understand that labor created man himself?)
Human beings were gradually evolved from ancient apes over millions of years. In this process, it was labor that contributed to the transformation from ape to man, and ultimately distinguished man from animals. Therefore, labor created man himself, and without labor there would be no human beings.
3. How to understand that labor promotes human growth and development?
①Through the invention and use of labor tools, human beings have extended the functions of certain organs of the body and strengthened their ability to make a living and develop in the natural world. ② Labor is an important way to cultivate and develop man's moral qualities and improve his spiritual state. ③ Labor not only promotes the development of human physiology, psychology and morality, but also is closely related to personal success and career success. ④ Labor can exercise our ability, sharpen our will, and strengthen our sense of self-improvement, self-confidence and self-reliance. ⑤ Through labor, we can not only learn to struggle hard, bear hardships and stand hard work, strong and unyielding, but also be able to appreciate the hard-won fruits of labor, learn to be hard and simple, hardworking and thrifty.
Unit 5
(I), the main points of knowledge:
1. Markets are places where goods are traded. The most primitive markets were places where barter occurred by chance.
2. The bazaar was a key link in the eventual excesses from the early market to the modern market. The widespread rise of bazaar trade was a quantum leap in the history of market development.
3. The development of modern e-commerce has completely broken through the concept of market in the traditional sense.
4. China's socialist nature is the people's democratic dictatorship; China's fundamental system is the socialist system; China's fundamental political system is the system of people's congresses; China's basic economic system is the main body of public ownership, a variety of ownership economy **** with the development of our country's economic system is the basis of the public system; the public system of the economy, including the state-owned economy, the collective economy, as well as the mixed system of economic ownership of the state and collective components. The state-owned and collective components of the mixed ownership economy.
5. The State's policy towards the non-publicly owned economy is to encourage, support and guide it.
6. The implementation of the basic economic system with public ownership as the mainstay and a variety of ownership economies **** the same development at the present stage of China is determined by the socialist nature of China and the national conditions at the primary stage.
7. Fair trade, truthfulness and honesty are our ideal market order. The legal system is the guardian of the market economy. The law is the most important rule to guarantee the normal operation of the market.
8. Equality, fairness and justice are the basic requirements for market transactions and the important principles for maintaining the order of transactions. The economic and legal system is the premise and foundation for the establishment and development of a modern market economy.
9. Quality and integrity is the passport to the market. Quality is the core of market competition. Competitiveness is the lifeblood of business operations.
10. Improving the quality of products is the key to expanding the market.
11. Integrity is the supporter of the market. Integrity management is the foundation of the enterprise in the market competition, the foundation of prosperity.
(2), the problem is summarized:
1. Why is the market is not only a socio-economic "barometer", but also "regulator"?
①The rise and fall of social economy can often be reflected by the market. Market prosperity, that is, social and economic development; market depression, that is, social and economic decline. At the same time, the market is the link between production and consumption, and is an important means of ensuring the normal operation of the national economy and meeting the needs of people's lives. Therefore, the market is not only the social and economic "barometer", but also "regulator".
2. What are the characteristics and limitations (disadvantages) of the planned economy?
Features: The production and circulation of all goods (allocation of resources) and their prices are regulated by the state plan.
Limitations: The government decides what and how much enterprises will produce, and then systematically allocates consumer goods through tickets. This unified production, allocation and distribution of social resources made it difficult to respond sensitively to market supply and demand and the scarcity of resources, and as a result, there was a backlog of some products and a chronic shortage of others.
3. What are the advantages of practicing a market economy?
The implementation of the market economy system allows enterprises to decide the varieties and quantities of production and operation directly according to the market demand and price changes, which not only mobilizes the production enthusiasm of enterprises, but also effectively meets the needs of the people.
4. What is the significance of China's accession to the World Trade Organization?
①Accession to the World Trade Organization is an important step in China to achieve the goal of establishing a "unified, open, competitive and orderly" large market. ②After joining the World Trade Organization, China will further become an important part of the world market, which can make a greater contribution to the development of the world economy on the one hand, and create better conditions for its own economic development on the other.
5. What is the meaning of state-owned economy?
State-owned economy is a publicly owned economy in which the means of production and the products of labor are owned by all the people*** together, and the state-owned economy can be realized in various forms.
6. What are the advantages of the state-owned economy?
In China, the state-owned economy possesses strong strength and advanced technology and equipment, accumulates the most advanced productive forces in China, controls the important and key areas that are related to the lifeblood of the national economy, and undertakes the important tasks of production and circulation of important products that are related to the national economy and people's livelihood.
7. What is the role (significance) of the state-owned economy?
Developing and expanding the state-owned economy plays a key role in giving full play to the superiority of the socialist system and enhancing China's economic strength, national defense strength and national cohesion.
8. What are the meaning and role of collective economy?
Meaning: Collective economy is a kind of public ownership economy in which the means of production are owned by some laborers*** together, and it is an important part of the public ownership economy.
Role: The collective economy can widely absorb the dispersed capital of the society, alleviate the pressure of employment, promote ****together prosperity, and increase the public ****accumulation and national tax revenue.
9. What is the significance (role) of non-public economy such as individual and private?
①Individual, private and foreign investment and other non-public economy flourished, make up for the shortcomings of the public economy, promote the rapid development of the local economy. ② The non-publicly owned economy, such as individual, private and foreign investment, is an important part of the socialist market economy, and plays an important role in fully mobilizing the enthusiasm of all aspects of society and accelerating the development of productive forces.
10. What are the dangers of local protectionist behavior? ①Local protectionist behavior is the destruction of the principle of fair competition in the market, both to the detriment of other business interests and the interests of customers. ② In the long run, this kind of short-sighted behavior is also not conducive to the development of local enterprises and the economy, the ultimate damage is actually their own interests.
11. A market economy is a fair economy. Why?
In a market economy, production, distribution, distribution and consumption are linked by contracts between buyers and sellers. Compliance with the contract to a large extent on both sides *** with the observance of fair and equitable market principles to ensure. Therefore, the market economy is a fair economy.
12. How to understand the market economy is an economy of law?
①To maintain a modern market economy, fairness and justice, to ensure a normal market order, there must be a market economy with the law. ②Only complete laws and regulations can guide and regulate people to carry out economic activities along the right track to avoid unfairness in economic activities.
13. What is the meaning of unfair competition behavior?
In the market economy, some operators violate the relevant laws and regulations, harming the legitimate rights and interests of other operators and disrupting the social and economic order, such behavior is unfair competition and should be sanctioned by law.
14. What basic rights do consumers enjoy?
①The right to safety. ② the right to know. ③Right to claim compensation. ③The right to claim compensation. ④The right of independent choice. ⑤The right to fair trade. ⑥The right to obtain relevant knowledge. ⑦ The right to respect for human dignity and national customs and habits.
15. When the legitimate rights and interests of consumers are infringed upon, what are the ways to protect them?
1) to the industrial and commercial sector complaints, call 12315. ② request the local consumer association mediation. ③ negotiation and settlement with the operator. ④Use the news media to disclose. ⑤Sue to the court.
16. What is the meaning of quality?
Quality is the quality of the goods, refers to the product to meet the needs of people with a certain characteristic, generally expressed in the applicability of the product, reliability, safety, economy and service life and so on.
17. What is the significance of quality for the enterprise?
For enterprises, quality is customer-oriented, customer-centric, to meet customer needs. Only high quality can win the initiative of market competition, and constantly create new market opportunities.
18. In the market economy, we should establish what awareness?
①Legal awareness. ②Quality awareness. ③Competitive consciousness. ③Consciousness of competition. ④Consciousness of honesty. ⑤ Openness consciousness.
19. Improving the quality of products is the key to expanding the market. Why?
①Without the quality of the product as a guarantee, market expansion can only be a source of water, wood, is the lack of vitality. ② Only to maximize the quality, in order to fundamentally expand the market share and influence of the product, in order to go farther in the market competition.
20. Talk about the understanding of integrity?
①"Integrity" is generally recognized as the most important business ethics. "Sincerity" requires people to operate honestly, not to manufacture and sell counterfeit products, not fraud, not trickery; "letter" requires people to re-contract, heavy commitment, compliance with the contract. ② integrity management is the foundation of the enterprise in the market competition, the foundation of business. ③ For individuals, if there is no honesty, will not be able to get a foothold in society. In our study, work and life, honesty is the minimum character.
21. What is the importance of honesty to business?
1) Whether in ancient times or in modern times, whether in foreign countries or in China, doing business requires honesty. A dishonest enterprise cannot survive, let alone achieve sustainable development. It can be said that the integrity of the business is the foundation of the enterprise in the market competition, the foundation of the business. ② in economic activities, the real price, fair and no deception, the city business is considered to be above all the principles, contrary to this principle, whether individuals or enterprises, and ultimately must pay the price for it.
22. What are the dangers of manufacturing and selling counterfeit and substandard products?
The manufacture and sale of counterfeit and shoddy products is one of the prominent manifestations of the violation of the principle of honesty in business, which not only harms the interests of the state and society, harms the interests of consumers, but also ultimately makes itself pay the due price.
23. Why is it said that honesty and profit are not contradictory?
①Honesty and profit is not a contradiction, even if there is a contradiction, the enterprise should be honest first, on the basis of honesty and seek profit, that the interests of the interests of the long term, the real interests. ② For enterprises and entrepreneurs, if they violate the principle of honesty, they can not shape a perfect social image, and there is no credibility to speak of, and ultimately lost will be the life of the enterprise.
24. How to understand "the city without faith can not stand, people without faith can not stand."
①Taking credit in the city is the prerequisite for enterprises and entrepreneurs to engage in economic activities. Contracts, contracts, IOUs, etc., are their own solemn commitments, should be practically fulfilled. Therefore, the city does not stand without faith. ② trustworthy, is the development of each successful enterprise magic weapon, but also every citizen should adhere to the principles of human behavior. ③Taking trust is also the foundation of our high school students in the society. We should keep our words and fulfill our promises. Therefore, it is said that no one can stand without faith.