(2) The Five Heroes of Wolf Tooth Mountain, in order to cover the masses and the retreat of the army to block the Japanese army which was twice as large as themselves, finally ran out of ammunition and food, and all of them jumped off the cliff.
(3)Lin Zexu, the anti-smoking campaign, to strengthen my China.
(4) Li Zongren, a famous patriotic democrat, served as the commander of the Fifth War Area during the War of Resistance, organizing the Battle of Xuzhou, the Winter Offensive, the Battle of Zaoyi and other major battles on the battlefield, and achieved the great victory of Taierzhuang. The Japanese invaders were effectively attacked.
===============================
Yue Fei (1103--1142), the word Pengju, was born in a tenant farmer's house in Tangyin (present-day Tangyin County, Henan Province), Xiangzhou, Northern Song Dynasty. In his youth, he met the Jin female aristocrats, who were waging a He witnessed the fall of the Northern Song Dynasty. He witnessed the tragic historical facts before and after the fall of the Northern Song Dynasty, and the people of the fallen areas of the Central Plains breathed the same, and there is a resolute resistance to the national oppression of the female Genghis Khan aristocrats, recovery of the homeland, the strong desire to unify the motherland and requirements.
The end of the Northern Song Dynasty, by the national oppression of the Han, Khitan, Bohai, Xi and other ethnic groups, "hatred of the Golden State, deep in the marrow", have automatically organized resistance.
From the twelfth century, from the twentieth generation, the Yellow River, north and south, between the two Huaihuai, set off a fierce anti-Jin national war. Yue Fei, together with the famous generals Zongze and Han Shizhong, stood at the forefront of the struggle against the Jin Dynasty. However, the corrupt ruling group of the Northern Song Dynasty, to take the policy of compromise, surrender, 1127 (Jingkang two years), Hui Zong Zhao Ji, Qin Zong Zhao Huan was taken captive, and then took over the throne of the Southern Song Dynasty's head of the small court of Zhao Jung, is also a surrender faction. He was in the south of the Yangtze River, intoxicated by the song and dance, no real organization of the national war against the Jin Dynasty and put it to the end of the determination and intention, the difference is that one side of the credit Qin Hui and other surrender faction, through them to face a series of negotiation and surrender activities; on the other side is the use of Zong Ze, Yue Fei, Han Shizhong and other resistance faction, to resist the Jin Dynasty's offensive, in order to keep his throne and accumulate the capital of the emperor and the knees to seek peace. By the middle of the twentieth century and twenties, after the formation of the military demarcation line between the confrontation of Song and Jin on the line from Jianghuai in the east to Shaanxi in the west, the ruling clique of Zhao Jiu and Qin Hui actually became the biggest stumbling block in the struggle of the Southern Song against the Jin Dynasty; on the contrary, the resistance faction, such as Yue Fei and Han Shizhong became the biggest obstacle to the activities of Zhao Jiu and Qin Hui's surrender faction. The struggle between the resistance and surrender faction within the Southern Song court is becoming more and more acute.
Yue Fei resolutely opposed to the peace, advocating resistance to the end, put personal honor and disgrace outside the degree of safety and security, Zhao Jiu, Qin Hui's capitulation activities resolutely struggle. 1139 (Shaoxing nine years), Yue Fei in Ezhou (present-day Wuchang, Hubei Province) heard that the Song-Jin peace will be reached, immediately wrote a letter to express his opposition to, declared that "the Jin people are not trustworthy, and the peace is not to be relied upon! ", and directly attacked the "minister" Qin Hui planning, ill-intentioned surrender activities, so that "Qin Hui title of (hold hate)". After the conclusion of the peace conference, the high emperor zhao zhong zhongjiu forgetful, issued an imperial edict of amnesty, on the civil and military ministers big reward. However, the edict was issued three times, Yue Fei refused to accept the title of Kai Fu Yi Tong San Si (a rank) and the grant of 3,500 households of cognac. In his resignation, he bitterly expressed his opposition to negotiating peace: "Today's matter can be dangerous but not safe, can be worried but not congratulated." And again expressed his determination to recover the Central Plains, "I would like to set my mind on a complete victory, and hope to recover the land in the two rivers, spit on Yan Yun, and finally want to take revenge to repay my country." This is tantamount to the Song Emperor poured cold water on his head, thus making more Zhao Gong, Qin Hui harbor hatred. "But Yue Fei, regardless of personal gains and losses, adhere to the position of resistance to the end, leading the army, liaising with the northern volunteers, fruitfully engaged in the war against the Jin Dynasty, planning the recovery of the Central Plains, the unification of the motherland, and became a powerful pillar in the national war against the Jin Dynasty.
In the summer of 1139 (Shaoxing nine years), Jin Wuzhu tore down the Shaoxing peace agreement, and came out; once again launched a large-scale war against the Song. In the east and west of the army achieved a great victory against the Jin situation, Yue Fei waved troops from the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, the implementation of the unstoppable counterattack ", he has been prepared to show the recovery of the Central Plains ambition of the time has come.
Yue's army entered the Central Plains, was warmly welcomed by the people of the Central Plains, loyal militia. In July of that year, Yue Fei personally led a light cavalry stationed in Henan Place, and Jin Wuzhu 15,000 elite cavalry in a fierce battle. Yue Fei personally led his troops to attack the enemy and defeated the Jin army's "Tie Futu" (guards) and "Kuan Zi Ma" (cavalrymen attacking on the left and right flanks), which led to a great defeat of the Jin Woodward. Yue Fei general Yang Zaixing, single rider into the enemy line, want to capture Jin Woodruff alive, can Tsou did not find, hand to kill hundreds of enemies, body was dozens of wounds, valor incomparable. Yue family army generals have "guard death without going" fighting style, the enemy to the mountains and seas of vigor, but also can not shake the Yue family lineup. After the great victory at a reasonable price, Yue Fei took advantage of the victory to march to Zhuxianzhen (only forty-five miles away from Bianjing, the main camp of the Jin army), Jin Woodruff gathered 100,000 troops to resist, and was beaten by Yue Fei again. Yue Fei's northern expedition to the Central Plains, a breath of recovery of Yingchang, Caizhou, Chenzhou, Zhengzhou, place, Zhu Xianzhen, eliminated the vital forces of the Jin army, the Jin army army shaken, Jin Woodruff was ready to retreat from Kaifeng overnight. South Song anti-Jin struggle has a fundamental turnaround, and then step forward, fallen more than ten years of the Central Plains. Can be expected to recover. Yue Fei excitedly said to the generals: "straight to the Huanglong House, and the gentleman drink! (break the drinking rule to celebrate)" and the gold army issued a "easy to shake the mountain, shake the Yuejia army difficult" lament.
But the Yuejia Army, which is hard to shake by external enemies, was destroyed by the surrender faction within the Southern Song court. In this war against the Jin Dynasty achieved a brilliant victory at the moment, willing to act as a child emperor of the high ZongZhaoJu, because of the fear that once the Central Plains recovered, the Jin people released his brother QinZong, he can not keep the throne, and eagerly hope to negotiate with the Jin into the peace. The Jin people inserted in the Southern Song court stole the prime minister of the traitor Qin inspection, also seize the high emperor this unspeakable heart disease activities, sabotage Yue Fei's resistance. They work together, conspired to formulate a whole line of withdrawal of troops, burying the good situation of the anti-jin situation of the evil plan. They first ordered the east and west lines of troops, resulting in a lone army of the Yuejia army protruding unfavorable situation; that is, in the name of the "lone army can not stay", and even under the name of the twelve gold medals (red lacquer and gold lettering wooden signs), the urgent order Yue Fei "set up the class division". At the end of the "class division", at the end of the "loss of the division" of the unfavorable situation, Yue Fei know that this is the power of the ministers with the affairs of the order; but in order to save the strength of the resistance to gold, had to bear the pain of the division. Yue Fei said with indignation; "ten years of work, wasted in one! Get the counties, one day all rest! The social funny rivers and mountains, difficult to revitalize! Qiankun world, no way to recover!" Yue Fei's heroic struggle against the Jin Dynasty, to this point was forced to interrupt. Yuejia army division, longing for the king's division of the north of the Central Plains of the father and mother brothers, stop road mournful tears. Yue Fei in order to protect the lives and property of the people, intentionally threatened to cross the river tomorrow, scared Jin Woodruff abandoned the city overnight and fled north, ready to cross the Yellow River, so that Yue Fei was able to calmly organize a large number of people in Henan to move south to the area of Xianghan, only to withdraw from the Central Plains. At this time, there is a shameless scholar, riding on horseback to catch up with Jin Woodruff buckled the horse and remonstrate: "Prince (Woodruff) do not go, the capital can be defended, Yue Shao Bao soldiers and retreat! ...... Since ancient times, there is no powerful minister within, and the generals can make a success in the outside", Jin Wuzhu this and the whole army back to Kaifeng, and with no effort, and the Central Plains land back.
Yue Fei returned to Lin'an, immediately caught in the net of Qin Hui, Zhang Jun and others. 1141 (Shaoxing eleven years), he was falsely accused of "conspiracy", was imprisoned in Lin'an Da Lisi (the original site of the present-day Hangzhou, near the bridge of the small car). The imperial inspector, Wan Hou* (音末期屑) personally interrogated and tortured Yue Fei to force him to confess. At the same time, between the Song and Jin governments, is stepping up the planning of the second peace conference, both sides regard the resistance faction as a thorn in the side, Jin Wuzhu even ferocious look wrote to Qin Hui: "must kill Yue Fei and then can be and." In the internal and external two evil forces under the attack, Yue Fei righteous, bright, loyal to the country. From him, Qin Hui gang could not find any "evidence of rebellion against the court, but Yue Fei is still in the Shaoxing eleven lunar new year's eve, by Zhao Jucheng "special gift of death", killed in Lin'an Da Lisi, at the age of thirty-nine. Yue Fei general Zhang Xian, son Yue Yun was also beheaded at the city gate. Yue Fei father and son and Zhang Xian died in the hands of the traitorous ruler, aroused the strong anger of the anti-jin army and the people, Han Shizhong face to face questioning Qin Hui, Qin Hui evasive, "the body of the matter is not necessary (maybe there)." Han Shizhong on the spot to refute: "Moshuyu 'three words, how to serve the world?" Yue Fei, a national hero, died of injustice under the charge of "unwarranted". Before his death, he wrote on the confession, "the sky is clear, the sky is clear" eight big words. This is the cry of grief!
Yue Fei was killed, but his performance is indelible. It is he, expressed the requirements of the oppressed nation, adhere to the noble national moral character, in the conditions of the situation of danger, insisted on the just struggle against the Jin Dynasty, and know the love of the people's resistance to the Jin Dynasty, united resistance to the Jin Dynasty military and civilian together, to preserve half of the Southern Song Dynasty, so that the people of South China from the ravages of the Jin Dynasty rulers, so as to preserve the highly developed feudal economy and culture of China, and to enable it to continue to develop forward. Yue Fei is worthy of being an outstanding national hero in China's history
=================================
World War II aerial hero Chen Ruidian
October 4, 1997, the U.S. Air Force Combat Heroes Hall of Fame, part of the U.S. Air Force Museum of History, held a ceremony to recognize the U.S. World War II's first air combat hero. Surprisingly, he was of Chinese descent, and this man was Chen Ruidian, a World War II air hero. Apparently, the honor came decades too late for Chen.
The U.S. Air Force Museum of History, located in Midland, Texas, U.S. (Midland), which has a collection of more than 300 U.S. aircraft. Its affiliated USAF Combat Heroes Museum specializes in collecting and displaying the exploits of America's air war heroes. However, the air war heroes selected for the museum must have a record of shooting down more than five enemy planes, and after selection by the museum's advisory board, they can be awarded the title of Air Combat Hero (ACE). The advisory board, in turn, consists of active and retired U.S. Air Force chiefs of staff, military experts, aviation specialists, and a retired British air marshal, ****120 people.
In this year's commemoration of the "seven. Seven Lugou Bridge Incident" and "eight. The day of the "14th anti-Japanese air war", American public opinion on Chen Ruidian won the air war heroes, carried out a wide range of publicity, and its heroism and rough life has been introduced. For example, the U.S. World Journal, International Daily News, Sing Tao Daily, the U.S. cable TV military channel, etc. August 14, 1998 edition of the International Daily News wrote an article called him "Chinese war eagle", the Second World War, "the first U.S. air war heroes "The World Journal, when publishing his military photo in Guangdong Air Force, called him "the same air war hero of China and the United States" and "always admired". This caused a great reaction in the American society, especially among the overseas Chinese compatriots.
The outstanding 1932, only 19 years old Chen Ruidian with full of blood, returned to the motherland. 1937 "August 13th Incident" the next day, he participated in the shocking "August 14th" air war. Two days later, he shot down a Japanese Mitsubishi bomber in a U.S.-made Hawker biplane fighter, the first to shoot down an enemy aircraft. Between 1937 and 1939, he shot down six enemy planes and assisted his wingmen in shooting down three enemy planes. In the air war, he fought bravely and courageously, and his plane was shot down by enemy planes three times, but he survived by parachute. On one of these occasions, when his plane was hit, he dared to fly it straight into the enemy plane and crashed it. He himself survived by parachuting out of the plane with one wing missing. Another time was in the fall of 1939, Chen Ruidian, deputy captain of the air force, had twice led the aircraft to cover the Soviet air force in China to bomb the enemy-occupied areas around the Kunlun Pass. In the battle near Yongning on December 27, three Chinese planes encountered more than 10 Japanese fighters, and after an hour-long fierce air battle, the Chinese **** shot down three enemy planes. In the battle, Chen Ruidian's airplane fuel tank was unfortunately hit by the enemy aircraft caught fire, and his whole body was also on fire. He parachuted with fire, in order to use the high-speed airflow to blow out the flame, he did not open the parachute in time after jumping, and always kept a clear mind until the fast landing before opening the parachute, although the parachute was successful, but the face and the whole body was still burned extensively. His heroic deeds were widely celebrated at the time, known as "China's Warhawk" (Chima's Warhawk), but also was compiled into the U.S. English extracurricular book "China's Warhawk" published. The United States in 1946 issued "Real Heroes, True Stories in Comics" (RealHeroes, True Stories in Comics) series of books, published in March-April of that year, the 13th issue, under the title of "True Heroes of the moving stories" (Thrilling Stories abourRealPeople), introduced the real heroes of the moving stories (Thrilling Stories abourRealPeople), and the real heroes of the real heroes of the real heroes. People), which featured his anti-Japanese exploits and extraordinary experiences. To commemorate his 1937 battle with a relatively backward biplane Hawker fighter that shot down an advanced Japanese Mitsubishi Type 96 monoplane bomber, Roy Grinnell, a famous American painter, also made a special painting to show the fierce air battle scene at that time. It is said that a Hollywood movie company also intends to put his deeds on the screen. On October 4 of last year, the U.S. Air Force Museum named him one of America's first air war heroes during World War II, which makes sense. At the recognition ceremony, he was called "America's first World War II air war hero".
Chen Ruidian, originally from Dajiang Village, Taishan County, Guangdong Province, with a Chinese father and a Peruvian mother, was born in Portland, Oregon, in 1913, and aspired to a career in aviation at an early age, so he worked part-time to earn money to learn how to fly during his high school years. When Japan invaded China, he obtained a U.S. pilot's license, and after the September 18th Incident in 1932, the Chinese in Portland decided to send volunteers back to China to participate in the anti-Japanese air war, and at that time, Chen Ruidian had already graduated from the American School of Aeronautics, which was founded by the local Chinese, and volunteered to participate in the anti-Japanese air war with 13 patriotic youths from Oregon, Washington State, and California. He volunteered with 13 patriotic youths from Oregon, Washington and Virginia, including one young woman, to join the volunteer army.
Chen Ruidian and his party first arrived in Shanghai by ship, but was not taken in by the KMT Central Army, and in November of that year, he moved to Guangzhou under the command of Chen Jitang and joined the Guangdong Air Force, where he was soon assigned to the Sixth Flight of the Guangdong Air Force, with the rank of second lieutenant.
In 1935, he was promoted to second lieutenant after he returned to China after being sent to Germany to learn about fighter flights and tactics. In July 1936, as Chen Jitang surrendered to the Nanjing government, the Guangdong Air Force was integrated by the central government, and Chen Ruidian was assigned to be a fighter instructor at the Central Aviation School in Kakeiqiao, Hangzhou. In October of the same year, he became the commander of the 17th squadron of the 3rd brigade of the Guangdong Air Force.
In the summer of 1938, he was promoted to the rank of Major Squadron Leader.
In 1939, he was promoted to vice-captain of the 3rd Brigade.
Since the Lugouqiao Incident of 1937, he has performed many missions of intercepting and escorting in East China, South China, and South Central China, and participated in major battles such as the famous Kakeiqiao Victory in Hangzhou, the Great Air Battle of Wuhan, and the Battle of Nanjing. Chen Ruidian was severely burned in the battle of Kunlun Pass when the fuel tank of his plane caught fire. Due to the inconvenient transportation, it took three days before he was sent to Liuzhou Hospital, and his facial wounds were already infected and inflamed at that time. Due to the poor local medical conditions, he could not receive good treatment, and later moved to Hong Kong, Hengyang, and finally returned to the United States for medical treatment in 1940 with the help of General Chennault of the Flying Tigers and Mrs. Chiang Kai-shek's wife, Ms. Soong Mei-ling. In the United States, his face was unsuccessful despite five years of cosmetic treatment. Despite the fact that his face had been distorted and deformed, he returned to his homeland in early 1945 to carry out airlift missions on the Hump Route, continuing to contribute to the anti-Japanese resistance. In the summer of 1949, he returned to Portland and in 1952 worked at a local post office sorting and distributing mail until his retirement in 1983, when he died on Sept. 3, 1997, at the age of 84 after a long illness.
Chen Ruidian had three wives. The first was the patriotic overseas Chinese, Wu Yuemei, the daughter of Wu Qianfang, a diplomatic official in the revolutionary government of Dr. Sun Yat-sen. She met Chen Ruidian when she was studying in Guangdong. During a night attack by Japanese airplanes on Liuzhou, in order to save her husband, she jumped on him and was unfortunately killed by shrapnel Chen Ruidian and Wu Yuemei had two boys. The second was a nurse he met during his five years of treatment in New York, USA, an American, Francis Murdock (Francis Murdock), and they parted company in 1945 when Chen Ruidian was discharged from the hospital and returned to his homeland to fight against the Japanese. The two had a daughter.
The third wife was Yang Ruizhi, a native of Shanghai. She met him while working as a ground service worker for China Airlines and married in 1948. They had one boy, who is now a diplomat with the U.S. State Department in Singapore.
Chen Ruidian is survived by four children, 10 grandchildren and one great-grandchild.
Topping the list
Tan Swee Tien's heroics and travails greatly shook another American air war hero, Ken Jernstbt.
Ken Jernstbt was a U.S. Air Force volunteer Flying Tigers pilot who served as an Oregon state senator for more than 30 years after his discharge. He achieved a brilliant record of destroying 12 enemy planes (5 Japanese planes shot down in the air and 7 Japanese planes destroyed on the ground) in combat against Japan during World War II. As a result, he long ago earned the title of American Air Combat Hero (ACE).
When Chen Ruidian returned to the U.S. for medical treatment in 1940, he flew on the same plane, and they met. Although he was already a successful man himself, he was y moved when he learned about Chen Ruidian's bravery and courage in battle, his outstanding achievements and his misfortunes. He believes that Chen Ruidian is undoubtedly the United States of America's first air war heroes of World War II, for which he has long been Chen Ruidian in the air war heroes on the list, and try to the Air Force Museum Advisory Committee to Chen Ruidian selected air war heroes list.
But the advisory board believes that the United States formally declared war on Japan on December 7, 1941, "Pearl Harbor", and Chen Ruidian in 1940 has returned to the United States for medical treatment, and, at that time, Chen Ruidian participated in not the United States Air Force, but the Guangdong Air Force, so there is a delay in the determination.
In fact, for a long time, the attitude of the Kuomintang Air Force is also very disappointing: first of all, with the intention of serving the motherland with aviation to Shanghai to join the army of Chen Ruidian refused to the door should not be; Secondly, the Chen Ruidian has such war heroes do not publicize, do not recognize, the reason is that Chen is not the direct line of the Central Army but the Guangdong Air Force. Former Taiwan Air Force Commander-in-Chief Admiral Lai Ming Tang, when talking about this matter, said: Chen Ruidian is Chen Jitang's Guangdong faction of the army, not belong to the Central Military Forces, although many Japanese planes were shot down, but it does not count. It is really ridiculous!
By Kenn Jernst persistent running, lobbying, the Advisory Committee finally to Chen Ruidian is to fight the same enemy, the U.S. Air Force Flying Tigers as early as the United States declared war on Japan before the Chinese battlefield with Japan, Chen Ruidian himself is a U.S. citizen for the reason that the acceptance of Jernst's recommendation in the selection process, Jernst is also strongly insisted that Chen Ruidian is the first to shoot down Japanese American hero who shot down the Japanese airplane. Therefore, Chen Ruidian's name was inscribed on the heroes list of the U.S. Air Force Combat Heroes Museum in 1997, and he was formally selected as the first U.S. air war hero of World War II. He was joined by seven other U.S. Air Force heroes in the Who's Who of U.S. Air Force Combat Heroes program.
Chen Ruidian was informed of the news during his lifetime and had planned to attend the recognition ceremony in person, but unfortunately passed away a month and a day before the ceremony, and his 17-year-old grandson attended the event on his behalf.
Chen Ruidian's heroic deeds and misadventures in the American society has caused a great deal of repercussions, the American Chinese and the news media is more concerned. The press in addition to extensive publicity and reporting, the U.S. cable TV military channel is also ready to his legendary life shot into a special collection, and intends to return to the motherland to participate in the anti-Japanese war at the time of the air war heroes filmed into a series of feature films. To this end, they specially commissioned the U.S. Silicon Valley expert Dr. Chenhui Ye to help find and collect information about Chen Ruidian's life, especially photos of his face before he was disfigured, as well as information about other heroes.
Mr. Chenhui Ye, who has done a lot of research on the history of aerial warfare, finally found two benefactors who had saved the American aerial hero Barber during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression at the beginning of this year through the Chinese media last year (see Barber's Encounter with China in the June 1997 issue of this magazine) and through the efforts of the relevant departments in Hunan. Barber in that time before the rescue, had driven the plane shot down the Japanese Admiral Yamamoto Isoroku's plane (see the June 1997 issue of this magazine, "who shot down Yamamoto should be water out of the stone" article).
After the news of Chen Ruidian's life was disclosed through the news media, many enthusiastic readers provided clues, and Mr. Ye Chenhui quickly found Major Chen Ruidian's widow, Ms. Yang Ruizhi, who now lives in Portland, and was fortunate enough to see her collection of handsome photos of Chen Ruidian in his uniform when he joined the Guangdong Air Force, as well as the book "China's War Eagles".