A, the world's taboos 1. foreign activities, words and deeds taboo Mannerisms taboos: taboo posture skewed, hands dancing, to finger people, pulling and pulling, too close to each other, looking right and left, looking away, often look at the watch, stretching, playing with things, scratching ears. Taboo words taboo: strictly taboo absurd obscenity, other people's biographies, women's private affairs, salary income, private property, the value of clothing, criticism of elders, non-discussion of religion, mocking the vulgar. Tone of voice taboos: taboo on loud debates, high-flown rhetoric, bad language, inquisitive, quarrels, insults, outbursts. Courtesy taboos: strictly avoid leaving others alone, solo talk to the end, easy to take a position, interrupt the objections, more than entangled, random interruptions, arbitrary goodbye. 2. foreign activities, taking pictures of taboo In foreign activities, people in the photo, must not commit a particular country, region, nationality taboo. Where the border crossings, airports, museums, residential private rooms, new products and new technology exhibitions, exhibitions of precious relics, etc., strictly avoid taking pictures at will. It is strictly forbidden to use flash when taking pictures of ancient paintings and other ancient relics when permitted to do so. People should refrain from taking photographs in places or areas where there are "No Photography" signs. As a general rule, avoid taking photographs of people you do not know (especially women). 3. Hygiene taboos for foreign activities Personal hygiene: Avoid unkempt hair, clothing, shoes, hats or cuffs. On formal occasions, do not dig your eyes, blow your nose, pick your nose, dig your ears, pick your teeth, cut your nails and other unhygienic actions. People with infectious diseases are strictly prohibited from participating in foreign affairs activities. Environmental hygiene: Do not spit, flick ashes, throw fruit peels and paper or other unclean things, do not bring rain gear and shoes under the mud, mud, etc. into the room, do not put spittoons and other unclean utensils in a conspicuous place indoors. Second, the etiquette of foreign visits (a) foreign guests to visit the etiquette arrangements for visits to pay attention to the following work. 1. Selection of projects. The selection of tour projects mainly consider the following factors: ① purpose of the visit, the nature of the visit to make the arrangements for the project has a certain focus. ② guests' wishes and interests and characteristics. ③ combined with the actual situation of the local, selected some of the projects visited. In the selection of the visit to visit the project, should also take into account: 1) as far as possible with the business talks. For example, the talks involve some cooperation projects, and visit a related unit can help to understand the situation and problems. (2) In order to enable visitors to further understand the basic situation of the country to be visited, the arrangements for the visit has a more typical significance of the place or unit. For example, for China's current reform and opening up the situation, many foreign guests are very interested in in-depth understanding of the requirements of the other side, you can arrange for them to go to the Special Administrative Region or the development zone to visit, organize them to visit the corresponding units. (3) according to the visitors' specialties, interests, hobbies and desires, to arrange the appropriate visit units. Science can visit scientific research units, doctors can see the health care business, and so on. (4) for some female guests, according to their interests, visit social welfare, culture and art, maternal and child health care programs. 2. Arrangement. After the project is determined, a detailed plan should be made to the reception unit to explain clearly, and inform all the reception staff. 3. Accompanying. According to the etiquette of international relations, foreign guests to visit, generally have the status of the corresponding personnel accompanied, such as high status of the host accompanied, should be notified in advance of the other party. 4. Introduction. Visiting industrial and agricultural projects, generally look at the side of the introduction, there are confidential content should not be introduced. Visiting the project profile as far as possible to send written materials in advance, saving time to visit the introduction, so that guests as much as possible to visit the field. Accompanying staff to understand the requirements of foreign guests, foreign guests may ask a variety of questions to be prepared, do not ask three do not know. 5. Photography. Usually can visit the place are allowed to photography. Encounter does not allow photography of the project, should be explained to the guests first, and in the site of the erection of the foreign language description of the sign. 6, dining arrangements. Visiting places far, or go out to visit, to consider the meal time and place, if the excursion, should be prepared food, drink, tableware and so on. Some places also need to book a lounge. (B) the etiquette of visiting abroad. Visiting abroad proposed to visit the project, to meet the purpose of the visit, but also to guests, do not force people. During the visit, you can widely contact, talk to enhance understanding and friendship. At the same time, you should also pay attention to the customs and religious habits of the other side. If you want to take photographs, check with the host beforehand to see if there are any rules prohibiting photography. After the visit, express your thanks to the host. If the host is at the door to see off, after getting into the car, you should wave. Here we are not talking about general tourism, but as a protocol activity of the visit. Third, business ribbon-cutting ceremony (a) business ribbon-cutting ceremony supplies needed for the ribbon-cutting ceremony requires the use of certain special appliances, such as red ribbon, new scissors, white muslin gloves, trays, and red carpet, please the organizers of the ceremony to carefully select and prepare. The red ribbon is the "color" of the ribbon cutting ceremony. As the main character, it is naturally the center of attention. According to traditional practice, it should be a whole unused red satin, in the center of the knot into a number of flowers and become. At present, some units in order to encourage savings, and instead of a length of about two meters of thin and narrow red ribbon, or to red cloth, red cord, red paper as a variation, is also feasible. Generally speaking, the red ribbon knotted on the flower group, not only to vivid, large, eye-catching, and its specific number of often also with the number of people on the scene directly related to the ribbon-cutting. By way of example, the specific number of flowers knotted on the red ribbon has two types of patterns to follow. First, the number of flower groups is more than the number of people who cut the ribbon on the field on one. Secondly, the number of flower groups is less than the number of people who cut the ribbon on the scene on one. The former can make each ribbon cutter is always in the two flowers between the group, especially formal. The latter is different from the norm, but also new ideas. New scissors, is designed for the ribbon cutter in the ribbon cutting ceremony when the formal cutting of the color used. It must be a handful of each site cut color, and must be new, sharp and smooth. Beforehand, be sure to check the scissors that will be used to cut the ribbon to see if they have been opened and if they work well. Be sure to ensure that the color cutter in the formal cutting of the ribbon, you can "hand up the knife down", a success, and do not repeatedly make up the knife. At the end of the ribbon cutting ceremony, the organizer can be used by each of the scissors used by the ribbon cutter after packaging, to give each other as a souvenir. White muslin gloves are specially prepared for ribbon cutters. In a formal ribbon-cutting ceremony, it is best for each of the ribbon cutters to wear a pair of white muslin gloves when cutting the ribbon to show that they are serious. When preparing white muslin gloves, in addition to making sure that there are enough of them, it is also important to make them of the right size, new and flat, white and spotless. In some cases, white muslin gloves may be dispensed with. Trays, which are held in the hands of the lady of honor at the ribbon cutting ceremony, are used to hold red ribbons, scissors, and white tulle gloves. The tray used at the ribbon cutting ceremony should be new and clean. It is usually preferred to be silver colored stainless steel. To show formality, it may be used with a red velvet or silk cloth over it. In terms of its number, in the ribbon-cutting, can be a tray to the ribbon cutters in turn to provide scissors and gloves, and at the same time holding the red ribbon; can also be configured for each of the ribbon-cutting for its services of a tray, at the same time, so that the red ribbon exclusively by a tray holding. The latter method is more formal. Red carpet, mainly used to lay in the ribbon cutter officially cut the ribbon standing place. Its length depends on the number of people cutting the ribbon, and its width should not be less than one meter. In the ribbon cutting site laying red carpet, mainly to enhance its grade, and create a festive atmosphere. Sometimes, can not be laid. (B) business ribbon-cutting ceremony procedures In the organization of the ribbon-cutting ceremony, there is no need to seek new, different, sensational, and detached from their actual ability. Thrift and hard work are what business people must bear in mind at all times and in all places. From the operational point of view to explore, the current prevailing etiquette of the ribbon cutting mainly includes the preparation of the ribbon cutting, ribbon cutting personnel, the procedure of the ribbon cutting, ribbon cutting practices and other four aspects of the content. The following, respectively, to choose the main points of its introduction. First of all, the preparation of the ribbon cutting must be meticulous. With the holding of other related to the layout of the venue, environmental health, lighting and sound preparation, media invitation, personnel training, and so on. In the preparation of these aspects, must be careful and meticulous, excellence, which is self-evident. In addition, especially for the ribbon-cutting ceremony need to use some special utensils, such as red ribbon, new scissors, white muslin gloves, trays and red carpet, carefully selected and prepared. Secondly, the personnel for the ribbon cutting must be carefully selected. At a ribbon cutting ceremony, it is the people, not the objects, that are most active. Therefore, the personnel for the ribbon cutting ceremony must be carefully selected and given the necessary training beforehand. In addition to the master of ceremonies, the ribbon cutting crew consists of two main groups of people: the ribbon cutter and the assistant cutters. The following is a brief description of the main ceremonial requirements for each of them. It is a high honor to be a ribbon cutter at a ribbon cutting ceremony. The level of the ribbon cutting ceremony is often closely related to the status of the ribbon cutter. Therefore, in selecting the person who cut the ribbon, the most important thing is to cut the ribbon to choose a good. Ribbon cutting, that is, in the ribbon cutting ceremony with scissors to cut the color of the person. According to practice, the color cutter can be a person, can also be a few people, but generally should not be more than five people. Usually, the ribbon cutter by the senior leadership, partners, celebrities, staff representatives or customer representatives. Determine the list of ribbon cutters, must be before the ribbon cutting ceremony officially held. Once the list is determined, it should be informed as soon as possible, so that they are prepared. In general, to determine the ribbon cutter, must respect each other's personal opinions, do not force each other. The need for a number of people at the same time as the ribbon cutter, should be informed of each of the ribbon cutter at that time he will be with whom to share the responsibility. This is a kind of respect for the ribbon cutter. Do not "on the verge of sharpening the gun", in the ribbon cutting before the start of the party before the pull, temporary find someone to make up the number. When necessary, can be held before the ribbon cutting ceremony, the ribbon cutters together, told each other about the precautions, and a little training. As a rule, the ribbon cutter should wear a suit, skirt or uniform, and comb their hair neatly. Hats or sunglasses are not permitted, nor are they allowed to wear civilian clothes. If the ribbon cutter is only one person, it is acceptable for the cutter to be centered. If the ribbon cutting more than one person, it is the same time on the cutting of the ribbon when the order of precedence must be paid attention to. The general rule is: the center is higher than the sides, the right side is higher than the left side, the farther away from the center of the standing position will be the lower, that is, the main cutter should be in the center of the position. It should be noted that the reason why the provisions of the position of the ribbon cutter, "the right side higher than the left side", mainly because this is an international practice, the ribbon cutting ceremony should be observed. In fact, if the ribbon-cutting ceremony and no foreign guests to participate in the implementation of China's "left side higher than the right side" of the traditional practice, it is not impossible. Assistant cutter, refers to a series of process from the side of the ribbon cutter to cut the ribbon to provide assistance to the personnel. Generally speaking, the assistant cutter by the host side of the female staff as. Nowadays, they are routinely referred to as Miss Manners. Specifically, in the ribbon-cutting ceremony on the service of the Miss Manners, and can be divided into welcome the guest, guide, service, pull color, flower, tray. The task of welcoming guests, is responsible for ushering in the event site. The task of the guide is responsible for leading the ribbon cutter to the stage or exit when the ribbon cutting. The task of the server is to provide drinks and arrange resting places for the guests, especially the ribbon cutters. The Ribbon Puller's job is to unfurl and straighten the red ribbon during the ribbon cutting. The bouquet bearer's task is to hold the flowers during the ribbon cutting. The tray bearer's task is to provide scissors, gloves, and other ribbon cutting supplies for the ribbon cutter. In general, there should be more than one person for the greeter and server. The ushers can either be one person or one for each color cutter. The ribbon pullers should usually be two people. The number of flower bearers depends on the number of flowers in the bouquet, and should normally be one for each flower. Tray can be a person, can also be for each color cutter with a person. Sometimes, Miss Manners can also wear several jobs. Miss etiquette of the basic conditions is, good looks, long body, young and healthy, elegant temperament, sweet tone, responsive, witty and flexible, sociable. The best make-up for Miss Ceremony should be: light make-up, coiled hair, wearing a monochrome cheongsam of uniform style, fabric and color, with flesh-colored pantyhose and black high-heeled shoes. Except for rings, earrings or studs, no other jewelry should be worn. Sometimes, Miss Ceremony can also wear a dark or monochrome dress. However, they must be dressed as neatly as possible. If necessary, can be temporarily hired from outside the Miss Manners. Again, the procedure of the ribbon cutting must be organized. Under normal circumstances, the ribbon-cutting ceremony should be opened in the line of the building, engineering or trade fairs, expositions held at the scene. The square outside the main door, the main door of the hall, are to be given priority. At the event site, it can be slightly decorated. In the ribbon-cutting place to hang a large banner written with the specific name of the ribbon-cutting ceremony, is essential. Fourth, business signing etiquette After a long period of negotiation, a city in the south of a company with a multinational company in the United States finally negotiated a large business. The two sides reached a contract, decided to formally hold a signing ceremony for this. Because the negotiations were held in China, the Chinese side was responsible for the signing ceremony. In the ceremony formally held that day, let the Chinese side unexpectedly, the United States almost to sign before the official "on the spot change of heart". Originally, the Chinese staff in the signing table placed the flags of China and the United States, mistakenly to the traditional Chinese practice "to the left as the top" instead of the current international practice "to the right as the top", will be placed on the right side of the signing table to the Chinese flag, and the United States flag to the left side of the signing table. The Chinese flag was placed on the right side of the signing table, while the American flag was placed on the left side of the signing table. As a result, the U.S. personnel were so annoyed that they even refused to enter the signing hall. This storm after mediation although settled, but it gives people a lesson: in business contacts, for the signing of the etiquette must not be unknown. Signing is the signing of a contract. It is regarded as a sign of greater progress in the mutual relations of the parties concerned in business dealings, as well as a significant result of the consensus reached to eliminate misunderstandings or contradictions between them. Therefore, it is highly valued by business people. In the practice of business contacts, although the gentleman's agreement, verbal commitment, "talk is good", to a certain extent, has a role to play, but more effective to win the trust of others, so that the object of the interaction of the peace of mind, it is "oral evidence, the establishment of this as a basis for the" text of the contract. Business contract, refers to the parties concerned in some kind of business cooperation, in order to determine their respective rights and obligations, and formally concluded in accordance with the law, and notarized, must *** with the observance of the provisions. In many instances, a hosan is also called a contract. In other cases, the contract refers to the simpler provisions of the contract. In business dealings, contracts with conditions precedent, such as those awaiting review by a lawyer, awaiting formal signature, and requiring the implementation of a license, are also called quasi-contracts. Strictly speaking, a quasi-contract is a precursor to a contract and a step towards its finalization. In order to save time, in general, business people tend to confuse contracts, contracts and quasi-contracts and call them all contracts. This is not very precise, but also help us to "simplify" and reduce the trouble. According to the provisions of the ceremonial etiquette: the signing of the contract such as the development of the relationship between the parties concerned in the history of the "milestone" type of major events, should be strictly in accordance with the norms to pay attention to etiquette, the application of etiquette. For the sake of solemnity, in the specific signing of the contract, often in accordance with a series of programmed activities, which is called the signing ceremony. In the specific operation, it is divided into drafting stage and signing stage and other two major parts. In real life, the business community has come into contact with a wide variety of business contracts. Commonly, there are purchase and sales contracts, loan contracts, leasing contracts, collaboration contracts, processing contracts, infrastructure contracts, warehouse insurance contracts, insurance contracts, freight contracts, liability contracts, and so on. Below, the first to introduce the formal practice of contract drafting. Fifth, the business handover etiquette Handover In business contacts, the success of cooperation between business partners, it is worth celebrating and celebrating a major event for all parties concerned. Truth be told, in a highly competitive environment, clear-cut interests under the relationship as well as changes in the unpredictable business world within the clouds, cooperation between business partners is hard to come by, so it is highly valued by all parties concerned. Holding a warm and grand handover ceremony is a common form of activity used to celebrate the success of cooperation between business partners in business transactions. Handover ceremony, in the business world generally refers to the construction unit in accordance with the contract will have been constructed, the installation of completed projects or large-scale equipment, such as factories, commercial buildings, hotels, office buildings, airports, yards and ports, stations, or airplanes, ships, trains, machinery, materials, and so on, the acceptance of the formal handover to the unit of the use of the ceremony, the celebration of the ceremony is specially held. The significance of the handover ceremony is that it is not only the business partners for the successful cooperation of the celebration, is to have given their care, support, help and understanding of the community's gratitude, but also the receiving unit and construction, installation units clever use of timing, for both sides of the respective increase in visibility and reputation of a public **** publicity activities. Handover of etiquette, generally refers to the relevant norms to be observed when the handover ceremony. Usually, it specifically includes the preparation of the handover ceremony, the program of the handover ceremony, the handover ceremony to participate in the three main aspects. Below, they are introduced. First of all, we should make good preparation for the handover ceremony. Preparation for the handover ceremony, the main attention should be paid to the following three things: that is, the invitation of the guests, the scene of the arrangement, the preparation of goods and so on. Invitation of guests, generally should be the host of the handover ceremony - construction, installation unit is responsible for. In the specific formulation of the guest list, construction, installation units should also take the initiative to consult their partners - the receiving unit's views. Receiving unit for the construction, installation unit drafted the list should not be too critical, but can be appropriate to put forward their own reasonable suggestions. In general, the more participants in the handover ceremony, the better. If the participants are too few, it will inevitably make the ceremony seem cold and quiet. However, when determining the total number of participants on a macro level, we must take into account the conditions of the venue and reception capacity, and must not be greedy for more than we can get. In principle, the handover ceremony should include: construction, installation unit of the relevant personnel, receiving unit of the relevant personnel, the competent authorities of the relevant personnel, the local government personnel, industry organizations, social groups of the relevant personnel, all walks of life, celebrities, the press, as well as collaborating with the relevant unit of personnel, and so on. Among the above people, in addition to construction, installation units and receiving unit of the relevant personnel, for all other personnel, should be sent in advance or send a formal written invitation to show respect for each other's intentions. Invitation to the higher authorities, local governments, industry organizations, although the other party does not have to force, but must strive for, and show sincerity of purpose. Because the use of a good opportunity to hold a handover ceremony, so that the construction, installation units, receiving units, and the higher authorities, local governments, industry organizations for multi-party contact, not only can advertise their own achievements, but also ribbed between the parties concerned to further achieve mutual understanding and mutual communication. Sixth, the business ceremony ceremony, is a variety of celebration rituals collectively. In business activities, business people to participate in the celebration of the ceremony is a lot of opportunities, both may be ordered to organize a celebration ceremony for the unit, may also be invited to attend a celebration ceremony outside the unit. In terms of content, the celebration ceremony held in the business community can be roughly divided into four categories: the first category, the establishment of the unit's anniversary celebration. Usually, it is carried out every five or ten. That is, in the establishment of the unit of the fifth anniversary, the tenth anniversary and their multiples. The second category, the unit won a certain honor celebration. When the unit itself won a certain honorary title, the unit's "fist product" at home and abroad in the major exhibition awards, such celebrations will basically be held. Third, the unit achieved significant performance celebrations. For example, a thousand days without production accidents, the production of a certain number of products exceeded 100,000 units, the distribution of a certain commodity glossy sales amounted to 100 million yuan, etc., these hard-won achievements, are often to be celebrated. The fourth category, the unit has achieved remarkable development of the celebration. When the unit to establish a group, identify new partners, mergers and other units, branches or chain stores continue to develop, naturally worth celebrating. In terms of form, the business sector units held by the various types of celebration ceremonies, there is one of the most important characteristics, that is, to be practical and not vain. If you can thus enhance the cohesion of the unit's staff and sense of honor, and make the community to re-recognize the unit, impressed, then the celebration was held with great fanfare, and more people, money and material inputs, any sensible, astute businessmen, will be in this. Of course, if it is for the publicity of the unit's new image, enhance the unit's pride of all employees to do nothing, then hold a celebration even if it does not cost a few dollars, there is no need to make a big deal, have to go and do it. Speaking to the business sector, the organization of celebrations and participate in celebrations, often have a variety of different requirements. Celebration of etiquette, that is, the celebration of etiquette norms, that is, by the organization of the celebration of etiquette and etiquette to participate in the celebration of etiquette and other two basic elements of the composition. The following is a description of each. Organizing and preparing for a festival is like making a general plan for production and sales. Business people who are entrusted with this task need to remember two main points: first, to reflect the characteristics of the festival. The second is to organize the specifics of the celebration. Needless to say, since the celebration is a form of celebration, it should be centered on the celebration of each specific activity is organized as warm, cheerful and grand as possible. Whether it is the specific occasion of the celebration, a specific scene in the process of the celebration, or the mood of all attendees, performance, should reflect the atmosphere of red-hot, lively, joyful, joyful. Only so, the purpose of the celebration - shaping the unit's image, showing the unit's strength, expanding the unit's influence, can truly be implemented. Celebration has a warm, cheerful, grand features, should be arranged in its specific content, to be fully embodied. Seven, overseas business etiquette With the increasing frequency of international business contacts, many white-collar family began to turn into a frequent fly-in and fly-out of the "international people", and business people around the world, you need to fully understand the business etiquette of the countries, which will provide a great deal of help to your business work. Hungary Most of the Hungarian residents are Magyars, with the bold character of the Orient. Most of the businessmen attach great importance to business ethics. When you go to Hungary for business, it is best to wear dark, conservative style suits. Visits to government departments or large companies absolutely need to be scheduled in advance. Hungary, like other Eastern European countries, likes to haggle during business negotiations, and usually requires a discount to make it work. Best. The country's currency is the forint, which is prohibited from entering or leaving the country, and there is no restriction on the entry of foreign currencies, but the amount needs to be strictly declared. Tipping is officially discouraged, but remains popular in private. Recently the dollar to forint ratio is about 1:240. Thailand Suits are appropriate for visits to Thai government agencies at all levels, but businessmen can meet in a dressier T-shirt and tie. Visiting large companies or government departments must be booked in advance, and hold a business card in English, Thai and Chinese contrast, the local two days can be printed. Thai importers and exporters are predominantly Chinese, and there is now a growing number of Thai businessmen, but most do government business. If you need to go around Bangkok to talk about business, it is best to charter a taxi, which will be convenient and save money. Switzerland Switzerland is located in the southern part of Central Europe, covering an area of about 40,000 square kilometers, with a population of nearly 7 million, and German, French and Italian as official languages. According to Swiss business etiquette, it is appropriate to wear a three-piece suit in normal times. When visiting major companies or governmental organizations, it is important to make a reservation and to remember to be punctual. Generally speaking, the head of a company or government organization goes to work between 7:00 and 8:00 am. The Swiss are strict, conservative and credible, but sometimes with a stubborn side, and they must have patience to negotiate business. Once the other party decides to buy your product, almost indefinitely. On the other hand, if they say "no", there's no point in continuing your efforts, as they rarely change their minds easily. The Swiss are exemplary when it comes to honoring contracts and being honest. Most major Swiss companies are based in Zurich, the country's largest city and a hub for business, finance, culture and land and air transportation. The Swiss banking industry is very developed, the country **** there are more than 5,000 large and small banks, three-fifths of which are headquartered in Zurich.
Edit paragraph commonly used software
Data processing software Excel2000, manuscript presentation software PowerPoint2000, web page production software FrontPage2000, as well as anti-virus software KILL98forWindoWs95/98 stand-alone and compression utility software WinZip8.1, etc. Commonly used software. [1]