I, the current situation of financial management of small and medium-sized
At present, China's small and medium-sized enterprises, a considerable portion of the neglect of the core position of financial management, management of rigid and backward thinking, so that the Bureau of Management is limited to the production and operation of the management pattern, the role of enterprise financial management has not been given full play. On the other hand, due to changes in the macroeconomic environment and the impact of the system, small and medium-sized enterprises in strengthening financial management encountered obstacles. For example, the policy of "discrimination" so that small and medium-sized enterprises and large enterprises can not compete fairly; local government industry management department of a large number of interventions, so that small and medium-sized enterprises of the financial management of the goal of short-term; financial management by the leadership of the enterprise is too much influence; and so on.
Two, small and medium-sized financial management problems
(a) financing difficulties, serious shortage of funds
Currently, China's small and medium-sized enterprises have initially established a more independent, diversified channels of financing system, but the financing difficulties, difficult to guarantee the development of small and medium-sized enterprises is still the most prominent constraints on the problem. The main reasons: First, too much debt, high financing costs, high risk, resulting in small and medium-sized enterprise credit rating is low, relatively poor creditworthiness. Secondly, the State has not set up a specialized agency for the management and support of SMEs, and the State's preferential policies have not been tilted in favour of SMEs, thus placing them in an unfavourable position for a long time. Thirdly, most SMEs are non-state-owned enterprises, and some banks, influenced by traditional concepts and administrative intervention, are not enthusiastic enough to lend to them. Fourthly, intermediary institutions are not sound, and there is a lack of financial intermediaries and loan guarantee institutions specializing in loan services for SMEs.
(ii) Weak investment capacity and lack of science
One is the shortage of funds needed for SMEs to invest. Banks and other financial institutions are the main source of funds for SMEs, but it is more difficult for SMEs to attract investment or borrowing from financial institutions. Even if banks agree to lend to SMEs, they raise their lending rates due to high risks, thus increasing the cost of financing SMEs. Second, the pursuit of short-term goals. Because of their own small scale, the proportion of loan investment is much more than that of large enterprises, and the risk they face is also greater, so they always recover their investment as soon as possible, and seldom consider expanding their own scale. Third, investment blindness, investment direction is difficult to grasp.
(C) weak financial control
One is lax cash management, resulting in idle or insufficient funds. Some small and medium-sized enterprises believe that the more cash the better, resulting in idle cash, did not participate in the production turnover; some enterprises lack of planning arrangements for the use of funds, excessive acquisition of real estate, unable to cope with the operation of urgently needed funds, into financial difficulties. Second, the slow turnover of accounts receivable, resulting in difficulties in the recovery of funds. The reason is that there is no strict credit sales policy, the lack of strong collection measures, accounts receivable can not be honored or the formation of doubtful accounts. Third, inventory control is weak, resulting in stagnant funds. Many small and medium-sized enterprises end of the month inventory occupied funds often more than twice its turnover, resulting in stagnant funds, turnover failure. Fourth, the money is not important, the loss of assets is a serious waste. Many managers of small and medium-sized enterprises, raw materials, semi-finished products, fixed assets and other management is not in place, no one to pursue the problem, a serious waste of assets.
(D) rigid management model, management concepts outdated
On the one hand, the typical management model of small and medium-sized enterprises is a high degree of unity of ownership and operation, the enterprise's investors at the same time is the operator, this model is bound to bring a negative impact on the enterprise's financial management. A considerable portion of small and medium-sized enterprises belong to the individual, private nature, in these enterprises, business leaders centralized phenomenon is serious, and for the theoretical approach to financial management lack of due knowledge and research, resulting in its responsibilities are not divided, act beyond the authority, resulting in chaotic financial management, financial monitoring is not rigorous, distortion of accounting information, etc.. Enterprises do not or cannot establish internal audit department, even if there is, it is difficult to ensure the independence of internal audit. On the other hand, the management ability and management quality of enterprise managers is poor, backward management ideas. Some enterprise managers based on their own reasons, did not incorporate financial management into the effective mechanism of enterprise management, the lack of modern financial management concepts, so that financial management has lost its due status and role in enterprise management.
Three, to solve the small and medium-sized enterprise financial management problems in the countermeasures
China's small and medium-sized enterprises in the financial management of the problem is caused by the macroeconomic environment and their own dual factors. Therefore, in order to better solve the problem, must start from the government, the market and the enterprise itself.
(1) The government should strengthen the construction of relevant laws and regulations, and formulate or improve policies favorable to the development of small and medium-sized enterprises as soon as possible.
1, small and medium-sized enterprise's small scale of operation, the ability to withstand market risk is poor, the ability of capital management is poor, etc. decided it through the market financing credit is very low. This objectively requires the state to give appropriate support through a stable financing mechanism. Many countries around the world have formulated laws, regulations and preferential policies for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, such as the Basic Law for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises and the Small and Medium-sized Enterprises Modernization and Promotion Act of Japan, the Small and Medium-sized Enterprises Act of the United States, and the Fair Enforcement for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises Act of 1996. We should draw on international experience in this respect. It is gratifying to note that our country has already started to work in this area. For example, not long ago we issued the Opinions on Certain Policies to Encourage and Promote the Development of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises, and it is reported that the Small and Medium-sized Enterprises Promotion Law, drafted by the Finance and Economics Committee of the Ninth National People's Congress, will be issued soon.
2. Establishment of SME funds. Including specific-purpose funds, guarantee funds, venture capital funds, mutual funds, etc., the source of funds can be financial institutions at all levels of government and small and medium-sized enterprise membership fees, the management of the implementation of the fund closed operation, centralized support for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises.
3, accelerate the establishment of small and medium-sized enterprise credit guarantee system. Small and medium-sized enterprise credit guarantee institutions are intermediary organizations for the purpose of service, can not be profit as the main purpose, guarantee fees charged, can not be increased at the expense of small and medium-sized enterprise financing costs. The State Economic and Trade Commission, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the Ministry of Finance and other 10 ministries and commissions have recently jointly issued the Opinions on Strengthening the Credit Management of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises, which guides small and medium-sized enterprises to enhance the concept of credit, improve their credit status in order to create a good credit environment and accelerate the pace of the construction of China's socialized credit system. This marks the beginning of the construction of a socialized credit system in China, with SMEs as the mainstay. It is worth noting that, in the process of establishing the credit guarantee system for small and medium-sized enterprises, it is necessary to combine the establishment of the credit guarantee system with the establishment of other socialized service systems (such as small and medium-sized enterprise credit evaluation agencies, small and medium-sized enterprise investment and financing information service agencies, small and medium-sized enterprise associations and so on) in order to provide a variety of services for small and medium-sized enterprise financing.
(2) small and medium-sized enterprise investment should be market-oriented, investment project feasibility studies, correct investment decision-making, and strive to reduce investment risks
1, should be the main mode of domestic investment. Domestic investment in the following aspects: First, the trial production of new products investment. The second is the investment in the renewal and transformation of technical equipment. Third, the investment in human resources. At present, special attention should be paid to the investment in human resources, from a certain point of view, to strengthen the investment in human resources, with a certain number of high-quality management and technical personnel, is the magic weapon of the enterprise to win.
2, decentralized capital investment, reduce investment risk. Small and medium-sized enterprises in the accumulation of capital to reach a certain scale, you can engage in diversified operations, the eggs in different baskets, thereby dispersing the investment risk.
3, should standardize the project investment procedures. When the small and medium-sized enterprises in the capital, technical operations, management capabilities and other aspects of a certain strength, you can learn from the general practice of large enterprises, standardize the project investment procedures, the implementation of investment supervision, investment activities to achieve the various stages of well-designed and implementation. In addition, attention should be paid to the implementation of follow-up strategy to avoid investment risks.
(C) enterprises to practice hard, strengthen capital management, strengthen financial control
1, awareness-raising, strengthen capital management as the implementation of the modern enterprise system as an important part of the implementation of the internal functions of the enterprise. As the use of capital turnover involved in all aspects of the enterprise, business operators should change their minds, recognizing that good management, good use, good control of funds is not only the responsibility of the financial sector, but the relationship between the various departments of the enterprise, the various production and operation aspects of the event. So to be implemented at all levels, *** with the contribution to the management of enterprise funds.
2, efforts to improve the efficiency of the use of funds, so that the use of funds to produce the best results. To this end, first of all, we must make the source and utilization of funds to effectively cooperate. For example, never use short-term borrowing to buy fixed assets, so as not to lead to cash flow difficulties. Secondly, accurately predict the time of recovery and payment of funds. For example, when the accounts receivable can be collected, when the goods can be purchased, etc., should be done in mind, otherwise, it is easy to cause an imbalance of income and expenditure, the funds orange. Finally, a reasonable allocation of funds, working capital and fixed capital occupancy should be effectively coordinated.
3, strengthen property control. The establishment of a sound internal control system for property and material management, in material procurement, collocation, sales and sample management to establish standardized operating procedures, plug the loopholes and maintain security. The management and recording of property must be separated to form a strong internal check, and asset management, recording, checking and verification must not be left to one person. Regular inspection and inventory of property, urging managers and record-keepers to remain vigilant and not negligent.
4, strengthen the management of inventory and accounts receivable. In recent years, many small and medium-sized enterprises are caught in the predicament of tight operating liquidity, strengthen inventory and accounts receivable management is an important measure to solve the problem. Strengthening inventory management, compressing obsolete inventory materials as much as possible, avoiding stagnant funds, and using scientific methods to ensure the optimal structure of inventory funds. Strengthen accounts receivable management, research and evaluate the credit of credit-selling customers, regularly reconcile accounts receivable, formulate perfect collection management methods, and strictly control the aging of accounts. For dead and doubtful accounts, proper accounting treatment should be carried out after obtaining solid evidence.
(D) strengthen the construction of accounting team, improve the management quality of the whole enterprise
At present, many small and medium-sized accounting accounts are unclear, information distortion, financial management chaos; business leaders, the phenomenon of bribery and bribery occurs from time to time; enterprises to set up off-the-record accounts, false, resulting in a virtual profit and loss or a false loss and profit of false impression; and so on. The reason for this is that the financial foundation of the enterprise is weak, the quality of accounting staff is not high, and subject to leadership, unable to exercise their right to supervision; Secondly, the business leaders of the legal system is weak, ignoring the financial system, the seriousness of the financial discipline and mandatory. In order to solve the above problems, it is necessary to strengthen the construction of accounting team, professional training and political and ideological education of accounting personnel, and enhance the supervision consciousness of accounting personnel. Strengthen the quality of education, first of all from the leadership of the enterprise, and constantly improve the legal awareness of the whole staff, enhance the concept of the legal system. Only by relying on the whole enterprise up and down the *** with the efforts, it is possible to improve enterprise management, good financial management, improve the competitive strength of enterprises.