(A) to carry out process research
Process research is the starting point of quota management development. It is a detailed study of the existing processing methods, mechanical equipment and process flow in the production site, to determine the technological advancement and economic rationality of the process, and to analyze whether it is necessary and possible to adopt more advanced technological means and processing methods, so as to determine the technological route and handling route of the products in the production site. Process research is the process of putting forward, analyzing and solving problems, including the following three steps:
1. Investigate the site and record the current method in detail.
At present, all methods make detailed records by consulting materials and field observation, which provides basic information for process research, so detailed and accurate records are needed. Due to the complexity of modern industrial production process, it is inevitable to record the existing methods and technological processes in words. In the process of investigation, some standard symbols and charts in industrial engineering can be used to record, which can be seen at a glance.
2. Analyze the recorded facts and find out the existing problems.
Based on the facts recorded in the investigation, this paper analyzes the existing technological process and treatment route by using the methods of method research and time research in industrial engineering, finds out the existing problems and their influencing factors, and puts forward the improvement direction.
3. Draw up an improvement plan
After the improvement direction is put forward, the permanent management personnel should make a specific technical and economic analysis of the new promotion plan and compare it with the old working methods, technological processes and handling lines. Only after it is confirmed to be an ideal scheme can it be implemented as a standardized method.
(B) the analysis of the combination of people and things
The combination analysis of people and things is the most critical link in the development of domestic economics. People and things are essential in the production process, and only the combination of people and things can play a role. How effective the work is depends on the combination of people and things. The combination of people and things is the essence and subject of quota management. In order to achieve the best combination of people, things and places in the production site, quota management must first solve the problem of effective combination of people and things, which must analyze the combination state of people and things. In the production site, the combination of people and things has two forms, namely direct combination and indirect combination. Direct combination means that you can get what you need, and there is no time spent looking for something. For example, raw materials and semi-finished products for processing are around their posts, and measuring tools and storage containers for work inspection are on their workbench or around their workplaces, which are readily available. Indirect combination refers to the separation of people and things, which needs the guidance of information media to combine them. The accuracy and reliability of information media affect the combination of people and things.
According to the degree of effective combination of people and things, the combination of people and things can be summarized into three basic States of ABC:
A state means that people and things are in a state where they can combine immediately and play an effective role. For example, various tools used by the operator can be taken away immediately or easily when the operator needs them, because they are placed in a reasonable and fixed place.
B state means that people and things are in a state of seeking or can't give full play to their effectiveness. For example, an operator needs to use a tool to process a part, but because the scene is chaotic or he forgets where the tool is, he wastes time looking for it; For another example, due to the unreasonable stacking of semi-finished products and scattered on the ground, it is necessary to bend over to pick them up one by one every time during processing, which not only affects working hours, but also improves labor intensity.
C state refers to the state that people and things are not connected. This article has nothing to do with production, and no one needs to combine it. For example, scrapped equipment, tools and molds at the production site, and garbage, waste products and debris generated in production. If these items are placed on the site, they will definitely occupy the work area and affect the work efficiency and safety of operators.
Therefore, the fixed position management is to eliminate the C-state and improve the B-state through corresponding design, improvement and control, and make them all become A-states and keep them for a long time.
(C) to carry out information flow analysis
Information media is an information carrier that plays a guiding, controlling and confirming role in the reasonable combination of people and things, things and places. Because there are many kinds and specifications of articles used in production, it is impossible to put them all in the hands of operators. How to find all kinds of articles needs some information to guide. Many items do not return in the flow, and their flow direction and quantity should also be guided and controlled by information; In order to find and avoid mixed items, information is needed to confirm. Therefore, in the management of fixed places, perfect and accurate information media is very important, which affects the effective combination of people, things and places.
The combination of people and things needs four kinds of information media:
The first information medium is the location account, which means "where is this thing?" You can know the storage location of the required items by looking at the cargo position account.
The second information medium is the floor plan, which shows "Where". You can see the specific location of the goods storage on the floor plan.
The third information medium is the place sign, which says "This is the place". A sign indicating the storage location of an article, usually indicated by a name, icon, number, etc.
The fourth information medium is a dot mark, which means "this thing is this thing". Is the self-labeling of goods, generally expressed by various signs, with the name of the goods themselves and related matters on the signs. In the process of finding things, people are guided to their destinations through the first and second media.
Therefore, the first and second media are called guiding media. Then the third and fourth media are used to confirm the items that need to be combined. Therefore, the third and fourth media are called confirmation media. The four major information media that combine people and things are indispensable. Establishing the contact information between people and things is the characteristic of fixed management. Whether the connecting information system can be established and improved according to the requirements of fixed location management, form a smooth information flow and effectively guide and control logistics is the key to the success or failure of fixed location management.
(D) Post creation management design
The management design of cargo space is a scientific and reasonable overall arrangement of various sites (factories, workshops, warehouses) and articles (machines, shelves, cabinets, work equipment, etc.). ). Location management design mainly includes location map design and information media design.
Length position diagram design
Positioning map is a comprehensive reflection map to locate the objects in the production site and improve the relationship between people and things, people and places, things and places in the place by adjusting the objects. Its types include outdoor area layout, workshop layout, each operation area layout, warehouse, reference room, tool room, measuring room, office layout, and special requirements layout (such as workbench, toolbox, items with special requirements for safety and quality, etc.). The principle of drawing positioning map is as follows:
(1) Everything in the scene should be drawn on the map;
(2) The drawing of the positioning map is based on the principle of conciseness, clearness and completeness, the shape of the object is about wrist, the size is proportional, the relative position should be accurate, and the regional division should be clear and distinct;
(3) Items that are not available at the production site for the time being, but have been set and decided to be manufactured, should also be displayed on the drawing, and useless things to be cleaned should not appear on the drawing;
(4) Static objects can be marked with standard information symbols or custom information symbols, and all of them are explained on the drawing;
⑤ The fixed position diagram should be drawn according to the requirements of fixed position management standards, but it should be modified with the change of fixed position relationship.
2. Information media design
Information media design, including information symbol design, exhibition board diagram and logo design. All kinds of information symbols should be used in the implementation of home management, process research, parking arrangements of various items, division of places, etc., so that people can analyze problems intuitively and realize visual management. All enterprises should design and apply relevant information symbols according to the actual situation, and incorporate them into home management standards. When designing information symbols, if there are national regulations (such as safety, environmental protection, handling, fire protection, transportation, etc. ), national standards should be adopted directly. Other signs, enterprises should design according to industry characteristics, product characteristics and production characteristics. Design symbols should be concise, vivid and beautiful.
Fixed board drawing is a comprehensive information sign of on-site love, an artistic expression of fixed drawing and anti-Shaanxi. Signs are signs indicating the state, area and type of fixed objects, including building monuments, shelves, container signs, raw materials, products in process and finished products. They are all means to realize visual management. All production sites, warehouses, offices and other places should be hung with exhibition boards and signs, and the contents in the exhibition boards should be consistent with the blueprint. The background color of board drawings and signs should be light tone, and the drawings should be neat, eye-catching and not easy to fall off. Various fixing devices and areas (points) shall be classified and specified by color standards.
(5) Fixed implementation
The implementation of post creation is the stage of putting theory into practice, and it is also the focus of post creation management. It includes the following three steps:
1. Remove things that have nothing to do with production.
Everything that has nothing to do with production at the production site should be cleaned up. To eliminate articles unrelated to production, we should follow the spirit of "double increase and double festival". Change it if you can. If it cannot be changed, it can be sold and turned into a fund.
2. Implement positioning according to the positioning map.
All workshops and departments should classify, move, transfer, adjust and locate the production sites, appliances and other items according to the requirements of fixed drawings. Fixed objects should be consistent with the drawings, with correct position, neat arrangement and storage appliances. Movable objects such as carts and electric cars should also be set in appropriate positions.
3. Place the standard information brand.
The placement of standard information name spleen should be consistent with cards, objects and drawings, and should be managed by special personnel, and should not be moved at will. Be eye-catching and do not interfere with production operation. In short, the implementation of positioning must be achieved: where there is a picture, there must be something, where there is something, there must be an area, where there is an area, there must be a list, and there must be a classification; According to the figure, according to the category, the account (figure) is consistent.
(6) Inspection and evaluation of permanent residence
An important principle of fixed investment management is perseverance. Only in this way can we consolidate the fixed achievements and make them develop continuously. Therefore, it is necessary to establish an inspection and assessment system, formulate inspection and assessment methods, reward and punish according to standards, and realize long-term, institutionalized and standardized creation.
The inspection and assessment of the management of posts are generally divided into two situations:
First, the acceptance inspection after resettlement. If the inspection is unqualified, it will not pass, and it must be placed again until it is qualified.
The second is to regularly check and assess the management of posts. This is a long-term work, which is more complicated and important than the acceptance after setting.
The basic index of the fixed position assessment is the fixed position rate, which indicates the degree to which the items that must be fixed at the production site have been fixed.
The calculation formula is: quota rate = actual quota number (species)/quota number (species) specified in quota drawing × 100%.