In order to implement the Law of the People's Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Water Pollution and the Law of the People's Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases, to prevent environmental pollution caused by sewage discharged from hospitals, to standardize the construction and operation management of hospital sewage treatment facilities, to promote hospital sewage treatment up to the standard of discharge, and to cooperate with the state in advancing the construction of hospital sewage treatment facilities and the soon-to-be-issued Standard for the Discharge of Water Pollutants in Medical Institutions The technical guide is prepared in line with the national efforts to promote the construction of hospital sewage treatment facilities and the implementation of the forthcoming "Water Pollutant Emission Standards for Medical Institutions".
The guide is categorized according to the nature, scale and direction of sewage discharge of hospitals, and takes into account the situation of each region. Provide technical support for the construction of hospital sewage treatment facilities for health, environmental protection, construction and other relevant departments for reference. 1 This guide applies to the treatment of sewage from various types of hospitals, including general hospitals, Chinese medicine hospitals, Chinese and Western medicine hospitals, ethnic hospitals and specialized hospitals (infectious disease hospitals (including tuberculosis hospitals), cardiovascular hospitals, oncology hospitals, stomatology hospitals, obstetrics and gynecology hospitals and psychiatric hospitals, etc.). Nursing homes, rehabilitation hospitals and other medical institutions and veterinary hospitals can refer to the implementation of sewage treatment works.
2 This guide includes the collection of hospital wastewater, process selection, completion and acceptance, operation and management of treatment facilities, occupational health and labor hygiene.
3 This guide applies to the design, construction and management of hospital wastewater treatment facilities. The Law of the People's Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases (Decree of the President of the People's Republic of China No. 15)
The Law of the People's Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Water Pollution (as amended for the 19th time by the Standing Committee of the Eighth National People's Congress on May 15, 1996)
The Implementing Rules of the Law of the People's Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Water Pollution (approved by the State Council on July 12, 1989)
This guide is applicable to the design, construction and management of hospital wastewater treatment facilities. Approved by the State Council on July 12, 1989 State Environmental Protection Bureau Order No. 1 issued on July 12, 1989)
Regulations on the Management of Environmental Protection in Construction Projects State Council Decree No. 253
Code for the Architectural Design of General Hospitals JGJ49-88
Code for the Design of Water Supply and Drainage in Buildings GBJ 15-88 (1997 Edition)
Hospital Sewage Treatment Design CECC Hospital Sewage Treatment Design Code" CECS07:88
GB3838-2002 Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water
GB8978-1996 Comprehensive Sewage Discharge Standards
Water Pollutant Discharge Standards for Hospitals Institutions being formulated
When the above standards and documents are revised, the latest version is used. 1 Classification of Hospitals by Nature
This guide classifies all types of hospitals into two categories, general hospitals and infectious disease hospitals, according to their nature, which is different from the way the health system classifies hospitals and medical institutions. The guide refers to infectious disease hospitals as hospitals specializing in infectious diseases and general hospitals with infectious disease rooms. The guide refers to general hospitals without infectious disease rooms for general hospitals and various types of non-infectious diseases specialized hospitals.
2 hospital wastewater
Hospital wastewater containing pathogens, heavy metals, disinfectants, organic solvents, acids, alkalis and radioactivity.
3 Sludge
refers to the sludge and septic tank sludge generated during hospital sewage treatment.
4 exhaust gas
refers to the hospital sewage treatment process generated in the exhaust gas. 1 hospital departments with different functions, facilities and personnel composition, the main departments and facilities that produce sewage are: diagnostic and treatment rooms, laboratories, wards, laundries, X-ray photo washing, animal rooms, isotope treatment and diagnosis, operating rooms, and other drainage; hospital administration and medical personnel discharged living sewage, cafeteria, single dormitory, family dormitory drainage. Different departments and sections of the sewage generated by the composition and volume of water are different, such as heavy metal wastewater, oily wastewater, washing and printing wastewater, radioactive wastewater and so on. And the sewage produced by hospitals of different natures is also very different. Hospital sewage is more complex than the general discharge of domestic sewage.
Hospital sewage source and composition is complex, containing pathogenic microorganisms, toxic, harmful physical and chemical pollutants and radioactive contamination, etc., with the characteristics of space pollution, acute infection and latent infection, etc., without effective treatment will become an important pathway for the proliferation of epidemics and serious pollution of the environment.
2 Hospital sewage is contaminated by feces, infectious bacteria and viruses and other pathogenic microorganisms, infectious, can induce disease or cause injury.
3 Hospital sewage contains acid, alkali, suspended solids, BOD, COD and animal and vegetable oils and other toxic and harmful substances.
4 Dental treatment, scaling and laboratory processes produce sewage containing heavy metals, disinfectants, organic solvents, etc., some of which are carcinogenic, teratogenic or mutagenic, endangering human health and having a long-term impact on the environment.
5 isotope therapy and diagnosis of radioactive sewage. Radioisotopes produce a-, β- and γ-radioactivity in the process of decay, which endangers human health by accumulating in the human body. 1 The principle of whole process control. The whole process of hospital sewage generation, treatment and discharge control.
2 Reduction principle. Strict hospital internal health and safety management system, strict control and separation of sewage and dirt at the source of the occurrence of sewage, hospital sewage and sewage collected separately from the sick area, that is, the source control, sewage diversion.
It is strictly prohibited to dispose of hospital sewage and dirt into the sewers at will.
3 Local treatment principle. In order to prevent pollution and hazards in the hospital sewage conveyance process, in the hospital must be treated locally.
4 classification guidance principle. According to the nature of the hospital, scale, sewage discharge destination and regional differences in hospital sewage treatment classification guide.
5 standards and risk control principle. Comprehensive consideration of general hospitals and infectious disease hospitals to meet the basic requirements of sewage discharge, while strengthening the awareness of risk control, process technology, engineering construction and supervision and management to improve the ability to deal with unexpected events.
6 Ecological safety principle. Effectively remove toxic and hazardous substances in sewage, reduce the production of disinfection by-products in the treatment process and control the excessive residual chlorine in the effluent, to protect the safety of the ecological environment.