Preparation of accessories before installation
Installation of the computer to have their own intentions, do not blindly compare, according to the actual need to buy accessories.
Such as the purchase of chassis, pay attention to the rationalization of the internal structure, easy to install, the second should pay attention to the beautiful, color and other accessories to match. Generally should choose vertical chassis, do not use the eliminated horizontal chassis, especially the chassis power supply, it is related to the stable operation of the entire computer, its output power should not be less than 250 W, some processors also require the use of 300 W power supply should be selected according to need.
In addition to the chassis power supply, in addition to the need for accessories generally have a motherboard, CPU, memory, graphics card, sound card (some sound cards come with the motherboard), hard disk, optical drive (VCD optical drive and DVD drive), floppy drive, data lines, signal cables and so on.
In addition to the machine accessories, you also need to prepare to use the screwdriver, sharp-nosed pliers, tweezers and other tools.
Additionally, it is also necessary to prepare the room before the installation of power plugs.
Basic steps for installing a computer ----------
When assembling a computer, you should follow the following steps methodically:
(1) Installation of the chassis, which mainly involves unsealing the chassis and installing the power supply in the chassis.
(2) Motherboard installation, installing the motherboard on the chassis motherboard.
(3) CPU installation, insert the required CPU in the motherboard processor socket and install the cooling fan.
(4) Memory stick installation, insert the memory stick into the motherboard memory slot.
(5) For graphics card installation, select the appropriate slot according to the graphics card bus.
(6) Installation of the sound card, the mainstream sound card in the market now is mostly a PCI slot sound card.
(7) Drive installation, mainly for hard disk, optical drive and floppy drive installation.
(8) Connections between the chassis and the motherboard, i.e., various indicator lights, power switch lines. PC speaker connections, as well as hard disk, optical drive and floppy drive power line and data line connections.
(9) Cover the chassis cover (theoretically, after the installation of the host, it is possible to cover the chassis cover, but in order to check the problems thereafter, it is best to leave the cover on, and wait until the system is installed).
(10) The installation of input devices, connecting the keyboard and mouse integrated with the host.
(11) Installation of output devices, that is, the installation of the monitor.
(12) Re-check the individual wiring again, ready for testing.
(13) Power up the machine, if the monitor can be displayed normally, indicating that the initial installation has been correct, at this time to enter the BIOS for the initial setup of the system.
Conducted the above steps, the general hardware installation has been basically completed, but to make the computer run, but also need to carry out the following installation steps.
(14) Partition the hard disk and format the hard disk.
(15) Install an operating system such as Windows server 2003 or Windows XP.
(16) After installing the operating system, install the drivers, such as the drivers for the graphics card, sound card, and so on.
(17) Perform 72 hours of baking, if there is any problem with the hardware, it will be detected during the 72 hours of baking.
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The process of assembling a computer
For people who don't usually have much exposure to computers, it may seem that "installing a computer "It is a very difficult and mysterious thing to do. But in fact, as long as you do it yourself after loading once, you will find that the original is no more than that (of course, you'd better have a general understanding of the various parts of the computer first). The first thing you need to do is to get your hands on a computer that is ready to go, and then you can start the process of assembling it.
(1) Open the case's outer packaging and you'll see a lot of accessories, such as screws, tabs, and so on.
(2) Then remove the case's outer shell, and we can see the drive bays used to mount the power supply, optical drive, and floppy drive. Many cases do not provide dedicated bays for hard disks, which can usually be mounted in the bays for floppy drives.
The entire frame of the chassis is made of metal, and it includes a five-inch mounting bracket (which can be used to install an optical drive and a five-inch hard disk, etc.), a three-inch mounting bracket (which can be used to install a floppy drive and a three-inch hard disk, etc.), a power supply mounting bracket (which is used to fix a power supply), a base plate (which is used to mount the motherboard), a slot (which is used to mount a variety of plug-in cards), PC speakers (which can be used to emit a simple alarm sound), a wiring harness (which is used to connect the signal indicators and the switching power supply), and an external power supply. signal indicators and switching power supply) and plastic feet.
Drive bays. Drive bay in front of the baffle, in the installation of the drive can be removed, well-designed chassis in front of the plastic baffle using plastic barbs connection, easy to remove and re-installation. There is also typically a layer of iron baffles inside the chassis that can be removed in a single pass.
The baffle at the back of the chassis. The back of the chassis, the back of the chassis board card port, the motherboard's keyboard port, mouse port, serial and parallel ports, USB ports, etc. are to be connected to the peripherals from the holes in this block.
Signal cable. Underneath the drive bays, we can see the leads from the chassis panel for the Power and Reset buttons, as well as some of the indicator lights. In addition to this there is a small speaker called the PC Speaker, which is used for beeps and alarms, and there are corresponding sockets on the motherboard.
Some cases have a small white plastic box on the lower part of the chassis, which is used to install the chassis fan, and the plastic box is designed with a bayonet on all four sides, so you can simply snap the fan into the box. Some of the larger chassis will also be reserved for the second and third fans of the chassis.
11.2.2 Installing the power supply
The power supply is usually located at the top end of the case. There is a screw hole in each of the four corners of the end of the power supply, and they are usually arranged in a trapezoidal shape, so pay attention to the direction of the installation; if they are installed the other way around, the screws cannot be fixed. You can place the power supply on the power supply bracket and align the four screw holes before screwing in the screws.
When installing the power supply into the chassis, be aware that the power supply is usually installed backwards, i.e. upside down. Just align the screws on the power supply with the holes in the chassis, then tighten the screws.
Tips: There is a principle of not tightening the screws until all the screws are in place, and then tightening them one by one. The same is true for installing certain other accessories, such as hard drives, optical drives, floppy drives, and so on.
11.2.3 Installing the motherboard
There are a number of holes in the side panels of the chassis that are used to secure the motherboard. And in the motherboard around and in the middle of some of the mounting holes, these holes and the bottom of the chassis of some of the round holes correspond to the motherboard is used to fix the installation of the motherboard, the installation of the motherboard, the first in the bottom of the chassis holes inside the installation of the locating screws, (locating screws slot according to the various types of motherboards to match the selection of the appropriate can also be put on the one or two plastic locating card instead of metal screws).
Then the chassis will be lying down, in the motherboard on the bottom of the installation of copper expansion screws (and the motherboard on the screws are also aligned), and then put the motherboard on the bottom of the board. At the same time, pay attention to the motherboard's I/O ports aligned to the corresponding position on the back of the chassis (the position indicated by the arrow in the figure), the peripheral interfaces of the ATX motherboard should be aligned with the corresponding baffle holes on the back of the chassis
Note: To make the motherboard's keyboard ports, mouse ports, serial and parallel ports, and USB interfaces and chassis back baffle holes aligned with the motherboard to the chassis back baffle, the motherboard should be parallel to the baseboard, and must not be lapped, or else it is prone to cause a short-circuit The motherboard should be parallel to the baseboard and should never be lapped together, otherwise it will easily cause short circuit. In addition, the motherboard screw holes near the printed circuit of the signal line, in connection with the chassis backplane should pay attention to the motherboard should not be short-circuited with the chassis. If the motherboard mounting holes are not plated with insulation, they must be insulated with insulating washers. It is best to fix one or two studs on the chassis first, generally take the chassis keyboard jack (AT motherboard) or I/O port (ATX motherboard) near the location. When using a pointed plastic card, the pointed end must be on the front of the motherboard.
The installation method varies somewhat from one installation system to another and from one installation disk to another. The general process is as follows:
1. Prepare the WINDOWS XP CD-ROM
2. Start the computer and press Delete to enter the motherboard BIOS setup interface.
3, set the CD-ROM drive boot: After entering the BIOS, according to what you said the motherboard, please use the arrow keys to find BOOT, press Enter to enter the open, the arrow keys to select BOOT DEVICE PRIORITY CD/DVD DRIVES Press Enter to enter, which has options such as Floppy, HDD-0, etc., and of course, there is also a CD- ROM option, press the keyboard to select the CD-ROM option, press the keyboard to select the CD-ROM option. ROM option, press the Page Up or Page Down key on the keyboard to select CD-ROM, Enter, and then press F10 (to load the CD-ROM into the CD-ROM drive), Enter to save and exit the BIOS setup, and the computer automatically restarts.
4. After restarting, the computer boots from the CD-ROM and displays the Installation Wizard interface, where you can set up the installation step by step according to the prompts. Different installation CD-ROM startup options menu is not consistent, but generally the same, you just need to first select the CD-ROM prompts in the "install ... ×××× system" on it.
5, the general steps are: press Enter to determine to continue the installation; press F8 to accept the license agreement; select the location you want to install the general for the C drive, press Enter; select the file system, the recommended use of NTFS, press Enter; will enter the disk scanning, and will be the installer copied to the hard disk; the computer will be rebooted in 15 seconds, press Enter immediately! Reboot; boot from the hard disk to continue the installation process, at this time the beginning of the graphical interface mode, in this interface, to carry out six steps of automatic installation: installing the device, installing the network, copying files, installing the start menu, registering components, save settings. These six steps typically take about 30 minutes on today's computers.
6, after the end of the system installation, automatic restart to the desktop, at this time to install your motherboard driver (generally as long as the installation of the sound card, graphics card, network card, most of the system self-recognition, do not recognize the course of the installation, huh ......). Due to different motherboard models, the driver installation method is different, here will not be detailed, so as not to mislead!
7, all ready, establish a network connection, enter the account, connect to the Internet.
8, God swim in cyberspace it! Oh ......
----------------------------------------------------------------- I. Preparation
The following preparations should be made before assembly:
1. Workbench: If you have purchased a computer desk, it is the best workbench. If you have not purchased, with other sturdy three-drawer table, dining room table can be. Workbench in the room in the "gap" part of the room, so that you can turn around it, in order to operate from different positions.
2. Components table: bed, sofa can be. Put a layer of cardboard (such as a parts box), newspaper, or cotton cloth on top of them. Do not use chemical fiber cloth or plastic cloth to prevent static electricity from damaging the parts.
3. Medium-sized cross driver, a word driver each; ring-shaped rubber band a few; thermal silicone grease (when purchasing a CPU fan to ask for).
4. Unpack the parts you bought, take out the parts, and put them on the parts table without overlapping, except for the chassis on the workbench. The instructions, mounting disks, connecting wires, and screws are sorted and released for spare parts. Be careful not to touch the wiring and chips on top of the unpacked parts to prevent static electricity from damaging them. Some parts with electrostatic packaging film, such as motherboards, hard disks, memory, etc., let them stay inside before installation.
So far, the preparations are ready.
During the assembly process, please note the following:
● When connecting cables to components, be sure to pay attention to the orientation of the plugs and holders, which are generally protected by anti-misplugging facilities, also known as "anti-dumbing devices" - measures to prevent you from making mistakes when you are dumbfounded, such as notches. They generally have anti-misplugging facilities, also called "anti-dumbing devices" - measures to prevent you from making mistakes when you are dumb, such as notches, chamfers, etc. If you pay attention to them, you will avoid mistakes. In addition, the flat cable that connects the CD-ROM drive, hard disk, and floppy drive has a red line on the side, which indicates that it is line 1 and should be connected to line 1 of the socket. This can also assist in verifying that you are plugging in the correct cable.
● Plugs and sockets must be fully inserted to ensure reliable contact. If the direction is correct and you can't get it in, you should trim the plug (it's not uncommon for power plugs to have burrs that make it difficult to insert smoothly).
● Do not grab the cable to pull out the plug to avoid damaging the cable.
II. Assembling the Hardware
The assembly work is carried out according to the following steps (taking the vertical ATX chassis as an example):
1. Preparing the Chassis
● The chassis is placed on the workbench, and the side panels on both sides of the chassis are removed, taking out the supplied power cord for the external 220V mains power supply, and an accessory package (containing screws, chassis feet, and the dust sheet for the rear PCI slots). The following is the list of accessories.)
● Install the chassis feet on the bottom of the chassis.
● Tidy up the chassis speaker and control cables, gather them up and tie them together briefly with a rubber band so that they don't interfere with subsequent operations;
● Place the chassis lying down with the left side up. Screw the six motherboard mounting screws (6-sided brass with screws on the lower part and threaded holes on the upper part) from the accessory kit into the corresponding holes on the chassis tray according to the location of the mounting holes on the motherboard.
● If you purchased a chassis with a flat surface mounted floppy drive, push from the inside out to remove the plastic panels and removable bezel in the optical drive and floppy drive areas; if you purchased a chassis with a recessed floppy drive, remove the plastic panel and bezel in the optical drive area only.
● For chassis with a recessed floppy drive, perform a floppy drive test fit. Push the floppy drive from the inside of the chassis into the floppy drive placement compartment, and then, left and right each with a screw to temporarily fix it in the compartment. Insert a floppy disk at this time, debugging the installation position: insert the floppy disk, the eject button is ejected; press the eject button can smoothly eject the floppy disk. Otherwise, you need to adjust the position of the floppy drive or trim the corresponding parts of the chassis, so that the floppy disk can be smoothly in and out.
● Remove the removable iron tabs on the rear panel of the chassis from the corresponding mounting holes and the AGP slots and PCI slots that will be used by pushing on the motherboard input/output ports by hand or using a Phillips screwdriver.
● Place the power supply that came with the box from inside the chassis into the power supply compartment at the top rear of the chassis, and then tighten the retaining screws from the rear panel.
This completes the chassis preparation. Place it somewhere else to free up the workbench.
2. Installing motherboard components
● Installing the CPU
The motherboard sits flat on the workbench, and a "zero-pressure lever" next to the CPU socket is pulled up at 90° to the motherboard.
Then, put the CPU into the CPU socket according to the corresponding position of the pins (the lower left and right sides are missing pins) (Note: When the position is correct, you do not need to apply pressure to put the CPU into the socket flat. Do not pressurize the CPU to avoid damaging the CPU pins). Then, press the "Zero Pressure Lever" back to the horizontal position and snap the lever to install the CPU.
● Installing a CPU cooling fan
The way a cooling fan is connected to the CPU varies with the type of fan, so let's take a look at a common hook-style cooling fan to illustrate how to install it. Hooked cooling fans come with an elastic "M" shaped connector with rectangular holes at both ends. Before installing the fan, make sure the fan is installed in the same direction as the hooks on the CPU socket, and keep the fan's power cable close to the CPU fan socket on the motherboard. After the direction is determined, in the CPU chip surface uniformly, thinly coated with a layer of thermally conductive silicone grease (P3-CPU fan is generally pre-coated with silicone grease, covered with a piece of white protective paper, the paper can be torn off, do not need to re-apply); and then the fan is placed flat on the CPU chip, so that one side of the connecting piece of the hook hole in the CPU socket protrusion, to adjust the connecting piece of the position, and then the other side of the fan's hook to press down! and hang it on the other socket protrusion of the CPU socket. After the installation, use your hand to grab the fan cooling fins and gently force and rotate them from side to side, so that the silicone grease is evenly dispersed; then check whether the installation is smooth and whether the hooks are secure. Finally, the fan power plug, inserted into the CPU fan socket on the motherboard (FAN1 or CPUFAN), the excess line shortened, tied with a rubber band, which completes the installation of the CPU cooling fan.
● Installation of Memory Stick
Generally speaking, if only one memory stick is installed, it should be placed on the first memory stick socket DIMM1 close to the CPU; if more than one memory stick is installed, it should be placed according to DIMM2, DIMM3 in order. Memory sticks are installed into which memory sockets, most of the instructions on the motherboard have the corresponding instructions, if there is a situation where you do not recognize the memory, it is best to refer to the motherboard instructions for installation.
When installing a memory stick, first pull the white tabs on both sides of the socket outward (about 45°); then, make the notches on the memory stick pins correspond to the locating bumps on the socket, and place the memory stick vertically into the grooves on both sides of the white tabs; press the thumb of both hands vertically downward on the memory stick, and hold the tabs with the forefinger to force the stick upward a little, so as to make the memory stick inserted into the socket. During the insertion process, the two sides of the card lifted with the pressure, and finally, the hooks on the upper end of the card, just stuck in the memory stick on both sides of the semicircular bayonet.
4. Connecting the control cables from the chassis to the motherboard
● Generally, the connection cables from the chassis to the motherboard have the following 5 groups, with sockets at the end of the cables, which are labeled with the English name:
SPEAKER (Speaker/Buzzer): 2 wires, using a 4-wire socket, with +/- polarity;
POWER ON (Power "ON"): 2-wire, using a 2-wire socket, no polarity;
RESET: 2-wire, using a 2-wire socket, no polarity;
POWER LED (Power Indicator): 2-wire, using a 3-wire socket, with +/- polarity;
HDD-LED ( Hard Disk Drive Operation Indicator): 2-wire, using a 2-wire socket, with +/- polarity.
Some chassis may also have:
SMI (sleep switch cable): 2-wire, use 2-wire socket, no polarity;
SP-LED (power save indicator): 2-wire, use 2-wire socket, with +/- polarity.
● On the motherboard, there are two corresponding rows of pins labeled SPEAKER, PWR.ON, RESET, POWER.LED, HDD.LED, SMI, SP.LED. These two rows of pins are generally located on the motherboard near the bottom of the case.
● Insert the connection sockets of each connecting cable on the chassis into the corresponding pins on the motherboard to complete the connection between the chassis control cable and the motherboard. Sockets with +/- polarity should pay attention to the direction of insertion (generally the red line is +), if inserted in reverse, the indicator does not light.
5. Installation of the optical drive
● Before installing the optical drive, recognize the interface of the optical drive: turn the end of the optical drive towards yourself, you can generally see that it has five sets of interfaces.
From right to left they are:
Power input port, thick 4-pin (+5,G,G,+12): +5V, ground, earth, +12V;
Data line port, 40-pin;
Master-slave select port, 6-pin (MA,SL,CS): master, slave, line select. Legend set as master;
Analog audio output port, 4 pins (R,G,G,L): right channel, ground, ground, left channel;
Digital audio output port, 2 pins (D,G): digital signal, ground.
● Before installing the optical drive, you should check the master-slave configuration of the optical drive. If we have only one CD-ROM drive, we should place the "shorting terminal (small black cap)" in the "Master-Slave Selection" port in the position marked "master(MA)" on the casing, so that it works as the master device. to make it work as the master device (the factory setting is usually "master"); if there are two optical drives, one is shorted to "master(MA)" to work as the master device, and the other is shorted to "slave(SL)" to work as the master device. If there are two optical drives, one is shorted to "master(MA)" to work as the master device, and the other is shorted to "slave(SL)" to work as the slave device.
● When the master-slave configuration is complete, push the CD-ROM drive into the chassis from the front side of the chassis so that the CD-ROM drive faceplate is level with the chassis faceplate; then, inside the chassis, secure it to the compartment with two screws on the left and two on the right.
● Insert the 40-wire IDE flat cable supplied with the motherboard into the IDE2 socket on the motherboard with the red wire facing the socket on the 1-pin side, or according to the notched locating edge of the plug or holder, and insert the other end into the 40-wire port of the optical drive. Note: Generally motherboards have two IDE ports labeled IDE1 and IDE2. If your motherboard supports ATA66/100, IDE1 is the blue socket and IDE2 is the white socket.
If you are installing two CD-ROM drives, use a single IDE cable for the master and slave drives*** (the IDE cable has one socket in the center in addition to one socket at the beginning and one at the end of the cable): generally, the master CD-ROM drive will use the socket at the end of the IDE cable; and the slave CD-ROM drive will use the one in the center. If you have only one optical drive, you can use either the middle or the end socket.
● Plug one end of the 4-wire audio cable supplied with the optical drive into the analog audio output port, and leave the other end unused.
● Insert one of the chassis power "large 4-wire" connectors into the optical drive's power port (pay attention to the direction of the plug and holder).
From left to right: analog audio cable, 40-wire data cable, and power cable.
So far, the optical drive installation is complete.
6. Installing the hard disk
● Before installing the hard disk, recognize the interface of the hard disk: it has 3 groups.
From right to left, they are:
Power port, thick 4-pin;
Master-slave configuration port, 6 or more pins;
Data port, 40 pins.
● Before installing a drive, check the drive's master-slave configuration. Similar to an optical drive, if there is only one hard drive, place the shorted terminals in the Master-Slave Configuration port in the "master(MA)" position to make it work as the master device. (the factory setting is usually "master"); if there are two hard disks, one will work as master and the other as slave. The master-slave setting of a hard disk is slightly more complicated than that of an optical drive, so you should refer to the logo on the hard disk and the manual to set it up.
● Push the metal cover of the hard disk, face up, from the inside of the chassis into the hard disk placement compartment (usually underneath the floppy drive), as far forward as possible, but keeping a little distance from the front panel of the chassis. Then, secure it to the compartment with 2 screws on each side. If possible, it is best to space the compartment from the floppy drive for heat dissipation.
● Insert the blue plug of the 80-wire IDE flat cable supplied with the motherboard into the blue IDE1 socket on the motherboard. Plug the end (black) into the 40-wire port of the hard disk. Note: If your motherboard does not support ATA66/100, the IDE cable is 40-wire like the optical drive cable and can be used interchangeably. all three plugs of the 40-wire cable are black. Just plug either end into IDE1 and connect the other end to the hard disk.
If you're installing two hard drives, as with optical drives, use one IDE cable for the master and slave hard drives***: the tail end goes to the master device, and the middle (gray plug) goes to the slave device. If you have only one hard disk, you should use the socket at the end.
● Plug one of the chassis power "large 4-wire" connectors into the power port on the drive.
The hard disk is now installed.
7. Installing the floppy drive
● The floppy drive has 2 sets of interfaces.
Data port: 34-pin;
Power port: thick 4-pin small socket.
● If you purchase a chassis with a flat surface mounted floppy drive, push the floppy drive from the outside of the chassis into the floppy drive placement compartment so that the panel is flat; then, secure it in the compartment with 2 screws on each side.
If you purchased a chassis with a recessed floppy drive, push the floppy drive from the inside of the chassis into the floppy drive bay, then secure it to the bay with 2 screws on each side.
● Plug one end of the 34-wire flat cable supplied with the motherboard into the FDC socket near the IDE socket on the motherboard. The other end plugs into the data port of the floppy drive. If you're installing two floppy drives, as with optical drives, they *** use a single data cable: the end goes to floppy drive A; the center plug goes to floppy drive B.
Note that the data cable for a normal floppy drive plugs in according to the dork-proof notch. However, the SONY floppy drive data socket has anti-dumbing notches on both the top and bottom sides, as shown in Figure 10, and the cable may be plugged in incorrectly. The correct direction of plugging is: 34 line connecting cable on the red line side near the power outlet.
● Plug the chassis power "small 4-wire" connector into the floppy drive power port.
This completes the floppy drive installation.
8. Installation of plug-in cards (graphics, sound cards, etc.)
Installation of plug-in cards is much easier.
● Insert the graphics card, sound card, etc. vertically into the appropriate AGP or PCI slots and secure the metal wings of the card to the rear panel of the chassis on the countertop.
● Plug the other end of the analog audio cable from the optical drive into the "CD IN" terminal of the sound card.
At this point, the installation and connection of the main equipment has been completed. The rest of the speakers, MODEM, mouse, keyboard, are plugged in by the rear panel of the chassis, regardless of it for the time being.
There are two more things to do:
1. Insert the 20-wire ATX power plug from the chassis power supply into the ATX power socket on the motherboard. Note that the plug holder has a snap hook, when you want to pull out the plug, you have to press down on the hook handle, so that the end of the hook lifts up, otherwise it will be difficult to pull out;
2. Tidy up the cables inside the chassis: Fold and tie up the extra length of the cables and the unused power plugs, so as to make the inside of the chassis tidy and beautiful. At the same time, be careful not to let the cables touch the components on the motherboard, and try to leave more space around the CPU fan for heat dissipation.
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