This is a social survey I downloaded from the Internet on the issue of concern for people's livelihood, I hope it is useful to you! If you still need to contact me, I have several of them here.
Body:
1Preface:
Since the eleventh session of the National People's Congress in 2008, Premier Wen made a government work report to the General Assembly to pay more attention to improving people's livelihoods and promote a harmonious society as a top priority, in the country's financial support, from the reduction of agricultural tax agricultural direct subsidies to the new health care reform and social security, a series of small and large improve the quality of life of farmers, increase the income of farmers policies in the townships and villages. Increase the income of farmers in the implementation of the policy in the townships one by one. In order to understand the progress of the implementation of the new agricultural policies and the daily life of farmers, the College of Pharmacy pharmacy class Ding Dong in 2011 winter vacation in my hometown of Henan Province, Fengqiu County, to do this "concern about people's livelihoods and sense of society," the social survey.
In the investigation process, I visited some village households and village cadres, specifically to understand some of the situation, from which I learned that people's lives in general have improved, but due to the existence of a variety of problems, some of the policies are still not in place. First do a specific report:
Subject:
Rural residents of the current situation of social insurance:
In my investigation of the village of Xiyangsi 1,150 people, full 60 years of age to get the new government-subsidized social security for the elderly **** there are 116 people. The village's participation rate in the social security system is 90 percent, 99 percent of which are insured for 100 yuan per person per year, and the other 1 percent voluntarily insured for 200 yuan per person per year. Those 116 over 60 receive $60 a month.
From the above data can be understood: the residents of the insurance awareness is not weak, the type of insurance is mostly pension insurance, and the old-style social security is different from the past, the new social security organization is the government, to individual contributions and government subsidies combined. The future trend is to have a universal system, and I believe that this policy will be implemented with the strong support of the government.
The current situation of the medical drug market for rural residents:
In Fengqiu County, where I surveyed, there are fixed blood collection trucks responsible for blood collection every Thursday afternoon. The county epidemic prevention station will also regularly give school-age children free BCG vaccine diphtheria whooping cough B brain Hepatitis B and other vaccines. Medical institutions in the county include the county hospital and the county hospital of traditional Chinese medicine, as well as health centers at the township level and maternal and child health centers. Among them, there are more than 1,000 medical and nursing staff in the county hospital and the hospital of traditional Chinese medicine***. Both hospitals are general hospitals. The percentage of villagers participating in the New Farmers' Cooperative Program in Fengqiu County is 96%. Pharmacies are mostly small and medium-sized ones, and there are 35 branches of Tongxintang Pharmacy and one Jianmin Pharmacy in the county, and there are one or two branches of Tongxintang in each township. The first and thirteenth of these branches have a full range of medicines, including prescription over-the-counter medicines, and a variety of traditional Chinese medicines and health products. Prices are reasonable and stocks are sufficient. Generally a pharmacy has three to five pharmacists or drug buyers and sellers. Since the new health care reform, major pharmacies have implemented a combination of zero-differential sales of drugs and government subsidies. Medical insurance cards can also be used to make purchases.
When farmers were asked about their monthly household income, 54% spent less than 800 yuan, 14.9% spent 800-1,000 yuan and 31% spent more than 1,000 yuan, while 44% spent less than 300 yuan a year on household medical expenses, 34.9% spent 300-900 yuan and 20.6% spent more than 1,000 yuan a year on medical expenses. 20.6%. In recent years, farmers' incomes have increased a lot and their living standards have improved greatly. However, along with the increase in income, farmers' expenditure on medical expenses has also increased substantially. This is a problem that farmers generally responded to in our questionnaire survey. According to information, between 1990 and 1999, the average income of farmers nationwide increased from 686 yuan to 2,240 yuan, an increase of 3.32 times. However, farmers' outpatient and hospitalization costs for medical treatment also increased from RMB 10.9 and RMB 47 to RMB 79 and RMB 289 respectively. That is to say, while farmers' incomes increased by only 3.32 times, the costs of outpatient and hospitalization fees increased by 4.4 times and 3.7 times respectively. This means that a hospital stay costs farmers almost their entire year's income, and that medical expenses have increased too quickly and too much, resulting in many farmers not going to the hospital when they are sick, and not going to the hospital if they need to be hospitalized, so that poverty and illness are compounded. When asked about the biggest problem of the current farmers to see a doctor, 43.9% of people think that now the township hospital medical costs are too expensive, the family can not afford, I was in the countryside survey, the farmers also reflect the rural health insurance designated township hospital medical costs are more expensive (compared to private clinics and hospitals). Moreover, according to the rural cooperative medical insurance system, only expenses incurred at designated designated hospitals can be reimbursed. Farmers are not benefited. Another 33.2% believe that township hospitals have complicated procedures for seeking medical treatment, medical personnel are generally not highly qualified, their technical level is poor, and their medical equipment is outdated, so farmers cannot obtain medical protection from them at all. Farmers are reluctant to go to township-level hospitals for major and minor illnesses. At the same time, 7.9% of the people think that the township hospitals are too far away and inconvenient to seek medical treatment, and only 15% of the people are still satisfied with the current medical situation in the townships. With the introduction of the new rural cooperative medical insurance system, 80% of the farmers expressed their support for this policy, which reduces the burden of medicine when farmers suffer from major diseases. It can be seen that farmers are highly motivated and have high expectations of participating in the insurance system. 15.4% think that this policy has both advantages and disadvantages, and they also have other opinions. When farmers were asked what concerns they had about the new rural cooperative medical insurance; 42.7% were worried about the instability of the new rural medical insurance policy, fearing that the money had been invested in vain, and 12.6% were worried that the funds would not be honored and the procedures would be complicated when handling the issue when they received compensation. There are also 25.5% of people have no worries about this, believe that the policy brings great benefits and stability.
From the above survey can be seen, in the new health care reform policy, to Fengqiu County as the representative of the rural residents of the medical drug status quo is still relatively ideal, the farmers seem to have a greater alleviation of the problem of farmers, but health care protection is not very good, like the mandatory blood donation is not easy to carry out in our county, I think it is the lack of publicity, the residents of the blood donation awareness is not strong.
By the statistics and analysis of data can be seen in the new rural cooperative medical system launched the primary stage, there are still some problems. First, the township hospitals are too expensive, especially the rural health insurance designated township hospitals, the cost of medicine is more expensive, but the quality of service is relatively poor. Farmers are reluctant to go to the designated township hospitals. According to the rural health insurance policy, only medical expenses incurred in designated township hospitals will be compensated by the rural health insurance management unit. Farmers generally reflect that even if they are compensated, they still have to pay a considerable portion of the cost. This kind of township hospitals designated by the rural medical insurance organization does not bring cheap medical services to the farmers, nor does it bring the farmers the greatest benefits. Secondly, the quality of medical personnel in rural township hospitals is generally low, the level of medical technology is backward, and the medical facilities in the hospitals are outdated, so farmers do not get medical protection from township hospitals. This is the most urgent problem reflected by farmers during our survey in Maotang Township. Moreover, according to the policy of rural cooperative medical insurance, township hospitals, as the first level of medical insurance institutions for farmers, are reimbursed 30-60% by designated township hospitals, with the largest reimbursement rate. The reimbursement amount for county-level medical institutions is between 30-40%. Farmers not only do not have a place to see a good disease, but also can not enjoy the benefits of medical insurance policy to effectively reduce the burden of medicine. Thirdly, farmers generally react to the inconvenience and complexity of the procedures when they receive compensation from the rural medical insurance, and the reasons for this should be twofold: ① From the survey, it can be seen that although the farmers know about this policy, they don't have a very good understanding of the relevant contents of the policy. The rural medical insurance system has explicit provisions for enrollment and reimbursement. Only medical expenses incurred under the reimbursement conditions can be reimbursed. Not everything can be reimbursed, such as medical expenses incurred in fights, fights over keys, traffic accidents, and sexually transmitted diseases, and prescribed self-paid medicines are not eligible for reimbursement from the rural medical insurance. However, almost no farmers in our survey knew about these provisions. ② When farmers receive compensation from health insurance, they must go through three levels of government agencies for approval and verification. Although the local county and township governments have set up new rural cooperative medical insurance management offices, they are not efficient or professional, and do not have a group of professional and unified audit organizations. Some farmers have even responded that individual management cadres are "taking kickbacks" for personal gain. These are serious obstacles to the continued development of the new rural cooperative health insurance, reducing the farmers' trust and support for rural health insurance.
Township (village) cadres and enterprise cadres of the academic structure and work status:
Village cadres are generally composed of village people and college students. Members of the village committee of the village generally high school education. Village cadres have ideas, thoughts, and brains, but due to the lack of funds, so many projects like water conservancy drilling wells and pulling power lines to build roads and so on can not be implemented.
Status of education:
The two exemptions and one subsidy are fully implemented in elementary school, and in junior high schools, the two exemptions are 100% implemented, and the rate of one subsidy is 60%-70%. Which elementary school do not live in the money is mostly used for school construction. Primary school students as long as they are school-age children in the enjoyment of two free and one subsidies under the education, but the dropout rate of junior high school students is as high as 40%. Most of the dropouts are mostly boys in the rebellious stage, and individual girls also drop out. The transition rate from junior high school to senior high school is only about 30%, so many children have only a junior high school education. It is just like a new generation of illiterates. So the status of education in rural areas is not optimistic. There are many students who can't pass this hurdle when they go up to junior high school, resulting in many sixteen or seventeen children sitting idle at home. This group of children will usually borrow an ID card, south to work, and from then on to become a wage earner or play working girl, only a small part of the children will learn to barber pliers welder and other crafts.
Focus on vulnerable groups:
In a village, there are usually 4-5 widows and orphans rated on the five guarantees. Village households receiving the minimum subsistence allowance for family difficulties will account for 3 percent. Although the minimum subsistence allowance does not allow widows and orphans to live a well-off life, it is enough to solve their food and clothing problems. Since most young couples go out to work, left-behind children are usually taken care of by their grandparents or their maternal grandparents. These children are generally between the ages of 1 and 10. As they are in the critical period of growth, the lack of parental care may cause them to be psychologically unhealthy, and they may easily become addicted to Internet cafes and drop out of school. Worse still, they may get into fights. They are the future flowers of the motherland and need special care, so parents should fulfill their responsibilities as parents. Don't wait for your children to have problems and then regret it.
Country customs:
During the vacation, I visited several families who married plus women to learn. The total cost of the man's side is between 200,000-500,000 dollars, and the woman's side is between a few thousand and ten thousand dollars. The man has to prepare a new house, to decorate and buy furniture and appliances, in addition to give the woman 50,000 to 100,000 gifts,; while the woman only repair to prepare some quilts and some necessities and some sweets. The man has to invite guests and prepare a banquet on the wedding day. The gift money for relatives and friends ranges from 100200500. Funeral generally in the burial is and three weeks of sacrifice day is will hold a banquet, spend in fifteen thousand or so.
This can be seen in the form of marriage and funeral in my hometown is still to be categorized as a big manipulation. And there is the psychology of comparison, the cost of a rising trend, which is not a good custom, and again, even the neighboring families will not be happy.
I personally believe that the villagers should be publicized and educated.
Conclusion:
Through this survey we can see that the livelihood issues have improved, under the correct leadership of the party, the standard of living of residents has improved, but there are still some fundamental problems. For example, the overall awareness is not high, the overall quality is not high, the ability to work is not strong. Can farmers get rich by relying on state subsidies alone? Obviously not, to solve the fundamental problems of people's livelihood, we should not consider improving the competitiveness of farmers so that they have the ability to forage for their own food instead of sending food to their mouths?
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