The electromagnetic pulse weapon is known as the "second atomic bomb", and the electromagnetic pulse weapon of the world's military powers has begun to be practical, posing a great threat to electronic information systems, command and control systems and networks. The conventional electromagnetic pulse bomb exploded, and the nuclear electromagnetic pulse bomb-"the second atomic bomb" is approaching human beings.
Popular mechanics, an American magazine, reported that there will be no mushroom cloud when the next world disaster comes. Just a loud noise and a flash of lightning can scorch all the data in the computer. Except for diesel engines, all electrified engines can't be started, and the world will go backwards for 200 years ... This is not sensational. The Pentagon believes that the world will become like this after the explosion of a new generation of electronic bombs.
Human disaster without mushroom cloud
Electromagnetic pulse is a kind of transient electromagnetic phenomena, which can destroy electronic, information, electric power, photoelectric, microwave and other facilities in the form of space radiation propagation, burn the semiconductor insulation layer or integrated circuit of electronic equipment, and even cause equipment failure or permanent damage.
Few people have seen the atomic bomb explode, but almost everyone has seen the "second atomic bomb" explode. This kind of explosion is the lightning and static phenomena in nature. The electromagnetic radiation produced by lightning and static electricity is different from the electromagnetic radiation of the sun and stars, and the electromagnetic field produced by the earth's magnetic field and the electromagnetic field in the atmosphere. Their principles are the same. In addition, the explosion of the "second atomic bomb" is also a man-made phenomenon, that is, the electromagnetic radiation from the electromagnetic radiation source is man-made.
With the development of science and technology, the electrical equipment of the whole society has been widely used, such as TV transmitter, radio transmitter, radio station, aviation navigation system, radar system, mobile communication system, high-voltage power transmission and transformation system, high-current power frequency equipment, light rail and trunk electrified railway system. In short, all industrial, scientific, medical and military electromagnetic radiation equipment that uses electromagnetic energy, as well as machines, vehicles, ships, household appliances, office equipment, power tools, etc. Powered by an internal combustion engine ignited by an electric spark, electromagnetic radiation with different frequencies and intensities will be generated. Among them, most of them are electromagnetic pulse radiation.
The electromagnetic environment of the modern battlefield is a compound environment where all kinds of electromagnetic energy work together, including natural electromagnetic interference sources such as lightning and static electricity, as well as powerful man-made interference sources such as radar, radio communication, navigation, computers, electronic warfare equipment against them and new concept electromagnetic weapons. Therefore, the battlefield electromagnetic environment is much more complicated than usual, and the battlefield electromagnetic environment effect under high-tech conditions is mainly composed of various electromagnetic pulse fields.
In this way, without the mushroom cloud, there will be two kinds of human disasters-electromagnetic pulse disaster, natural and man-made peacetime, and various natural and man-made electromagnetic pulse hazards occur from time to time. Accidents such as information system paralysis caused by lightning electromagnetic pulse occur frequently all over the world every year, and satellite communication, navigation, computer network and even household appliances will be seriously threatened by lightning disaster. In Shanghai alone, the loss caused by 1999 lightning exceeded 200 million yuan.
Nuclear electromagnetic pulse is a strong electromagnetic radiation produced by nuclear explosion, which is very destructive. In some countries' nuclear tests, it is not uncommon for nuclear electromagnetic pulse energy to invade electronic and power systems and burn cables and electronic equipment. The electromagnetic pulse generated by high-altitude nuclear explosion is more harmful than ground and underground nuclear explosion, and the intensity of nuclear electromagnetic pulse is large, covering a wide area.
Due to the attenuation of the atmosphere, the heat, shock wave and radiation generated by high-altitude nuclear explosion are not as harmful to ground facilities as electromagnetic pulse effect. When 654.38+00,000 tons of nuclear weapons explode at high altitude, about three-tenths of the total energy is radiated in the form of electromagnetic pulses. With the development of nuclear technology, developed countries have developed nuclear electromagnetic pulse bombs, which enhance the electromagnetic pulse effect, but weaken the shock wave and nuclear radiation effect, and the destructive power of electromagnetic pulse is obviously increased.
America's "Second Atomic Bomb"
The development of electromagnetic pulse weapons began in the 1970s and entered the practical stage in the 1990s.
During the period of 1985, when the United States formulated the "strategic defense initiative" plan, it listed high-power microwave weapons as the main attack items of its space weapons, focusing on its killing mechanism. From 65438 to 0987, the U.S. Department of Defense put forward the "balanced technology initiative" plan, in which high-power microwave weapons are one of its five key technologies.
199 1 during the gulf war, the us military carried and used electromagnetic pulse weapons on the E-8 Soyuz aircraft. The miniaturized electromagnetic jammer of the United States and Russia can be thrown at the enemy by conventional weapons, which can not only destroy the enemy's command and control system, but also directly affect the operational effectiveness of precision guided weapons and information-based individual soldiers. 1In July, 1992, the General Accounting Office of the United States Congress submitted the report "Risks of External Dependence of National Defense Basic Technology and Military Special Technology" to the Armed Services Committee of the House of Representatives, and put forward six key technologies of advanced weapons in the future, including high-power microwave weapons. The US Army, Navy and Air Force have also made development plans for high-power microwave weapons.
1993, the United States conducted an electromagnetic pulse weapon experiment code-named "harp". The antenna group sends electromagnetic pulses to the ionosphere, blocking communication and destroying incoming missiles. 1996, a national laboratory in the United States developed a suitcase-sized high-energy electromagnetic pulse weapon and an electromagnetic pulse weapon that can be equipped on cruise missiles, with an effective operational radius of 10 km.
1998, Russia invented a small high-current electron accelerator weighing 8 kg, which will emit X-rays and high-power microwaves when it explodes, which can destroy electronic equipment.
1In March 1999, the United States used experimental microwave weapons in its bombing of Yugoslavia, which paralyzed communication facilities in some parts of Yugoslavia for more than three hours. During the Iraq war, on March 26th, 2003, the US military attacked the Iraqi national television station with an electromagnetic pulse bomb, which led to the interruption of its broadcast signal.
In addition to Russia and the United States, Britain, France, Germany, Japan and other countries are also developing high-power microwave weapons. Some international military experts believe that the main reason why Iraq was passively beaten in the Gulf War was that the command and control system and air defense facilities were destroyed and the control of the electromagnetic environment was lost.
A reporter asked why the US military only occasionally uses electromagnetic pulse weapons. A U.S. military spokesman said, we keep more powerful electromagnetic pulse weapons to deal with more powerful enemies.
Some analysts believe that the more powerful enemies of the US military allude to Russia and China. However, it may also refer to all potential rivals, including Russia and China. Just as the United States first developed the atomic bomb, they wanted to deter all their opponents. This is another "killer" for the United States to maintain its monopoly position for a long time in the new century.
No electromagnetic protection equals bare chest.
The target of electromagnetic pulse bomb is very different from that of traditional atomic bomb. There are three kinds of targets: first, military and civilian electronic communication and financial centers, such as headquarters, warships, communication buildings, government places, etc. The second is the air defense early warning system; The third is various missiles and missile protection systems.
Both the United States and the former Soviet Union attach great importance to the research of electromagnetic environment effect and protection and reinforcement technology of weapons and equipment when developing electromagnetic pulse weapons. 1979, president Carter of the United States issued an order, emphasizing the serious threat of nuclear electromagnetic pulse, and demanding that the electromagnetic pulse protection capability must be considered for every weapon developed. Therefore, the United States has established more than ten electromagnetic pulse field simulators in Cortland, New Mexico and Arizona.
In recent years, the military of Taiwan Province Province has attached great importance to the research of electromagnetic pulse protection while strengthening the attack capability of electronic warfare. According to media reports in Taiwan Province Province, the Ministry of National Defense of Taiwan Province invested NT$ 780 million in planning electronic warfare and information warfare equipment in 20001year, including information security plan and pulse protection plan. The "pulse protection plan" mainly aims at the "hard killing" of electromagnetic pulse weapons to opponents, and protects important military facilities, strategic civilian facilities and "government" key building facilities of the Taiwan military.
According to military authorities in Taiwan Province Province, at present, the "pulse protection plan" in Taiwan Province Province is in full swing at the Hengshan command post. The scheme consists of seven parts, such as anti-pulse effect and electronic anti-protection network, to prevent electromagnetic pulse weapons from attacking, maintain the operation of computer network, and protect the smoothness of computer combat command system and the security of database. The person in charge of the "Sun Yat-sen Institute of Science" in charge of this plan said that after the implementation of the "pulse protection plan", the Taiwan military's operational command system is equivalent to "wearing a protective cap against electromagnetic interference."
Since 1960s, some countries have begun to study the characteristics of nuclear electromagnetic pulse and made some progress. However, the research on electromagnetic protection basically stays in the scope of electromagnetic compatibility, and does not pay attention to electromagnetic pulse protection. Up to now, the vast majority of military and civilian electronic equipment in these countries have not taken electromagnetic pulse protection measures, and some even have no mandatory factory inspection standards and facilities. The overall level is at least 20 years behind that of the United States and Russia.
This means that these countries have opened their chests before the electromagnetic pulse weapons of military powers. Once the government agencies, financial centers, communication networks, radio and television, and other important systems and military facilities related to the national economy and people's livelihood are hit by strong electromagnetic pulses, they will inevitably be paralyzed or damaged on a large scale, making it difficult for the national economy and social order to function normally. □