1 Zhejiang University A+ 5 XIAMEN JIANGTONG UNIVERSITY A 9 SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY A
2 SICHUAN UNIVERSITY A+ 6 TIANJIN UNIVERSITY A 10 DLIANIAN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY A
3 SHANGHAI JIANGTONG UNIVERSITY A 7 TSOIHUA UNIVERSITY A
4 SOUTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY A 8 HUASHUAN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY A
B+ (17): Fudan University, Chongqing University, Tongji University, Peking University, Central South University, University of Science and Technology of China, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Beijing Institute of Technology, China Medical University, Shandong University, Hunan University, Chongqing Medical University, Sun Yat-sen University, Tianjin Medical University, Xiamen University, Jilin University
B (16). South China University of Technology, Jinan University, Capital Medical University, Xi'an University of Electronic Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Northeastern University, Yanshan University, East China University of Science and Technology, Wuhan University, Southwestern Jiaotong University, Hebei University of Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, and Nankai University
C and so on (11): Taiyuan University of Technology, Shanghai University, Jiangsu University, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Nanjing University, Yunnan University, Soochow University, Central South University for Nationalities, Harbin Engineering University, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan University of Technology
Some people have predicted that the 21st century will be the century of biological sciences, and whoever grasps the life sciences will dominate. The new advances in biological sciences have mushroomed since the 1970s. From a general point of view, contemporary biological science is mainly towards the development of micro and macro aspects: in the micro aspect, biology has moved from the cellular level to the molecular level to explore the nature of life; in the macro aspect, the development of ecology is playing an important role in solving the global problems of resources and the environment.
The major of biology is one of the earlier majors, and with the rapid development of other disciplines, it has given birth to the great development of biology cross-disciplines in China's higher education. People in the basis of biology, through the continuous intersection with other disciplines and the birth of a lot of new majors, like biological sciences, biotechnology, bioengineering, biochemistry, bioinformatics, biomedical sciences, food science and engineering, marine biological sciences, marine bioengineering, animal husbandry biology and so on.
In the face of these attractive and promising biological sciences and related majors, it is necessary to compare and differentiate them. The names of the faculties and departments that set up these majors are very different, some are called the College of Life Sciences (or Department of Biological Sciences), some are called the School of Biological Sciences and Technology (or Department of Biological Sciences and Technology), and some are called the Department of Biology, most of them are called the Department of Bioinformatics for those who are focusing on genetic engineering, most of them are called the Department of Biomedicine for those who are in medical universities or medical colleges, and most of them are called the Department of Biomedicine, and there are also the Faculty of Food Science and Bio-engineering, and the Department of Marine Science.
In order to facilitate the distinction between these majors, they are roughly divided into the following categories:
The first category, biological sciences
Biological sciences is the study of the nature of the phenomenon of life from the molecular, cellular, organic and even ecosystems and other levels, the origin of the evolution of living organisms, genetic variation, growth and development and other laws of life activity science. Biological science majors aim to cultivate biological specialists with a solid theoretical foundation in biological sciences, mastering the basic theories and basic skills of the discipline, and possessing a certain degree of scientific research ability and innovative spirit.
At present, there are many colleges and universities that have set up biological sciences majors, but the setting of the main courses of their majors varies according to the original relevant majors of the colleges and universities, and the differences in faculty and other resources. For example, in this major, some colleges and universities also offer biological photography courses, meteorology courses, focusing on agricultural colleges and universities also offer soil science and biochemistry, medical schools also require the opening of human anatomy and physiology and immunology. *** More than 100 colleges and universities offer biological sciences majors.
Main specialized courses: zoology, botany, biochemistry, cell biology, microbiology, genetics, bioengineering, molecular biology, ecology, plant physiology, biostatistics, environmental protection, genetic engineering, protein and enzyme engineering, fermentation engineering, cellular engineering, and modern biological experimental techniques.
The second category, bioengineering majors Similar majors: biotechnology majors, biotechnology majors
Bioengineering, also known as biotechnology, biotechnology, bioscience and engineering technology, is the organic combination of a comprehensive science and technology has emerged. That is to say, it is based on biological science, the use of advanced scientific principles and engineering technology means to process or transform biological materials. For example, recombination technology, DNA and protein sequence analysis technology, molecular hybridization technology, cell and tissue culture technology, cell fusion technology, nuclear transplantation technology, etc., has promoted the birth and development of genetic engineering, protein engineering, cell engineering, enzyme engineering, chromosome engineering, tissue engineering, embryo engineering and other projects, which have been widely used in industry, agriculture and health care, and have achieved Many breakthroughs have been made.
In the actual teaching process, some colleges and universities specializing in biological sciences and bioengineering (technology), but the curriculum is more or less the same. Tsinghua University, for example, the Department of Biological Sciences and Technology is a specialized department to train high-level talents engaged in scientific research, teaching and application development in the field of biotechnology, with two undergraduate majors in biological sciences and biotechnology. Although divided into two majors, but the curriculum and teaching content is not much difference, only in writing the thesis each focus.
The focus of each university's specialization also has a great deal to do with its professional origins. For example, Tianjin University of Science and Technology Bioengineering, its predecessor for the fermentation engineering, was renamed biochemical specialties, and in 1999 was renamed bioengineering, the main research direction for metabolism control fermentation, modern brewing technology and biochemical engineering technology. In the metabolism control fermentation, active dry yeast and modern biotechnology to transform the traditional brewing industry research, with the domestic leading level. *** There are 58 universities and colleges that offer bioengineering majors.
Main courses: organic chemistry, biochemistry, microbiology, chemical principles, biochemical engineering, bioengineering, fermentation equipment.
The third category, bioinformatics majors (similar majors: genetic informatics majors)
Bioinformatics is a popular cross-disciplinary discipline that has been developed and perfected in recent years, and was initially often referred to as genome informatics. Biology is the core and soul of bioinformatics, and math and computer technology are its basic tools. Broadly speaking, bioinformatics is a discipline that uses the viewpoints, theories, and methods of mathematical and information sciences to study the phenomena of life, and to organize and analyze biological data that show exponential growth.
It is expected that, as an emerging interdisciplinary bioinformatics professionals, will become the 21st century, the international and domestic shortage of one of the most types of talent.
Currently, genome informatics, structure simulation of proteins, and drug design are organically linked together, and they are 3 important components of bioinformatics. The development of bioinformatics will bring revolutionary changes to life sciences. Its results will not only play a huge role in promoting the relevant basic disciplines, but also have a huge impact on the pharmaceutical, health, food, agriculture and other industries, and even trigger a new industrial revolution.
Therefore, governments and industries have attached great importance to it and invested a lot of money in it. European and American countries and Japan have set up bioinformatics data centers, such as the National Center for Biotechnology Information in the United States and the European Bioinformatics Institute in the United Kingdom. The European Molecular Biology Network (EMBN) is the largest international molecular bioinformatics research, development, and service organization in Western Europe, and the computer network enables the realization of bioinformatics resources in the UK, Germany, France, Switzerland, and other countries to achieve **** enjoyment.
Main professional courses: biology, biochemistry, molecular biology, biostatistics, database, basic computer software, bioinformatics, genome informatics, proteomics, computer-assisted drug molecular design, gene chip technology, life system modeling and so on.
The fourth category, bio-food majors (similar majors: food science and engineering majors)
Bio-food majors are disciplines that cultivate senior scientific and technological talents with knowledge of chemistry, biology, food engineering, and food technology, and can engage in food production and technology management, quality control, product development, scientific research, engineering design, and other aspects of food production in the food field.
Students learn the basic theories and knowledge of chemistry, biology, food engineering and computer, and receive basic training in food production technology, new product development, new resource development and high value-added functional food development. This major involves 31 food industries closely related to the national economy and daily life, such as meat, grain and oil, confectionery, pastry, beverages, alcohol, fruits, spices, etc., and has a wide range of employment opportunities. It can be adapted to the fields of production and technology management, quality inspection, quality control, scientific research, engineering design and other fields to engage in research, management, teaching and other work.
Main specialized courses: organic chemistry, biochemistry, food nutrition, food chemistry, food microbiology, microbiology, beverage technology, food safety and quality control, food biotechnology, principles of food engineering, principles of food technology, basic mechanical design.
The fifth category, biomedical engineering (similar majors: medical biotechnology)
Biomedical engineering is a cross-discipline of integrated biology, medicine and engineering technology. It is also the use of natural science and engineering technology principles and methods, research and reveal the phenomenon of human life, and from the engineering point of view to solve the human medical problems of a comprehensive high-tech disciplines. Biomedical engineering is a cross-discipline and fringe discipline with extremely rapid development in the international arena, aiming at solving the problems of biomedical detection, diagnosis, treatment and management by means of modern engineering technology, as well as further exploring the various forms of movement of the living system and its regularity, which is an important pillar of life science in the 21st century. *** There are 21 colleges and universities have opened a biomedical engineering program.
Main specialized courses: analog and digital electronics, microcomputer principles, digital signals and processing, engineering physiology, quantitative physiology, medical imaging and image processing, biosensing technology, modern medical instrumentation, general biology, cell biology, biochemistry, genetic molecular biology and so on.
The sixth category, marine biotechnology majors (similar majors: marine fisheries science and technology, aquaculture majors, etc.)
The world's annual catch of aquatic products from the ocean is about 60 million tons, this figure alone is sufficient to illustrate the importance of the marine biology profession and broad prospects. This major cultivates senior professionals with solid basic knowledge and basic skills in modern marine biological science and modern biotechnology, who are trained in marine scientific research and engineering technology application, and who can be engaged in basic theory research of marine biology, high-tech research, development of biological products and related management in scientific research, production and teaching departments.
Main specialized courses: cell engineering, genetic engineering, microbial engineering, protein engineering, bioengineering downstream technology, biotechnology experiment, bioinformatics, developmental biology, fermentation engineering equipment.
Other specialties that cross over with biology include: Bioenvironmental Science, Animal Husbandry Biology, and so on. With the new advances in biological sciences itself continue to cross and integrate with other disciplines, new cross-specialties will be
continuously born.