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A, what is smoke disinfection? First of all, science and technology
Smoke machine, smoke machine, also known as thermal fog machine, smoke gun machine, dosing machine, belong to the plant protection and elimination of machinery, it is the use of pulse jet engine working principle designed and manufactured for insecticidal, disinfection and sterilization or fertilizer spraying machinery.
Source Baidu Encyclopedia, web link web link
Smoke machine is divided into thermal smoke machine, room temperature smoke machine, gas smoke machine, etc., according to the model is divided into ultra-compact, general-purpose, water spray type, etc.; according to the ignition method is divided into manual ignition, automatic ignition, one key start, etc.. Pulse smoke machine refers to the pulse igniter, combustion chamber according to the cycle of pulse frequency work, smoke machine is basically pulse type. Advanced smoke machine is a new type of insecticide, disinfection and sterilization, fertilizer application machinery designed and manufactured using the principle of pulse jet engine. The whole machine has no moving rotating friction parts, no lubrication, no mechanical wear and tear, durable. The machine can make the drug or fertilizer into smoke or water mist, with penetrating and diffuse, good adhesion, strong resistance to rainfall, with easy operation, labor saving, low consumption of liquid, high efficiency, prevention and control of a thorough no dead zone, insecticide disinfection sterilization effect, environmental protection and other outstanding features. Its control target height of up to 25 meters or more; single working width of 6 to 7 meters; 15 to 30 acres of medicine per hour, such as the advantages of any device can not be reached.
Traditional smoke machine commonly existed in the nozzle high temperature decomposition of drugs (especially powder or biologically active agent drugs by the high temperature is prone to active destruction, decomposition, loss of efficacy) of the risk, but the high performance of the smoke machine's unique structural design to avoid the occurrence of such a phenomenon, and therefore can ensure that the effectiveness of the high performance of the machine is a good machine.
Smoke machine has been not only applied to agriculture and forestry, greenhouse fruit trees and other pest control, fertilization, but also widely used in urban sanitation, animal husbandry, mosquito control ? , flies and cockroaches and other vector biological control, warehousing and logistics, grain and oil food processing plant, garbage and sewage treatment plant, large area of disease control and epidemic prevention and disinfection and sterilization of public **** place sterilization and other areas of insecticidal disinfection and sterilization. It should be noted that the state industry and commerce, quality supervision and agricultural machinery authorities require smoke machine products must pass the China National Compulsory Product Certification (3C certification), before being allowed to go on sale. The purpose is to protect the rights and interests of users and the safety of life and property.
Smoke machine is widely used in cotton, wheat, rice, corn and other crops, greenhouse crops, fruit trees, forests (economic forests, urban gardens, flower nurseries), tea gardens and other plant pest control and efficient fertilizer spraying; large areas of pasture pest control; schools, hospitals, hotels, hotels, entertainment, theaters, railroad passenger cars, airplanes, ships, buses buses and other public * * * transport, stations, airports and other public transport. **transportation, stations, airports, wharves and other crowded public *** places disinfection and sterilization; parks, residential areas, green belts, garbage transfer stations, landfills, urban sewers and heated passages, basements, civil defense projects and other places mosquitoes, flies, cockroaches and other vector organisms control, to prevent the spread of dengue or bacterial and viral diseases; animal husbandry, grain, oil and food, meat, eggs, and milk processing enterprises, Warehousing, logistics industry pest control and disinfection and sterilization.
1, the fog machine produces fog particles in the diameter of 30 microns or less, ultra-fine fog particles due to the light weight, almost unaffected by gravity. Will not be like the traditional sprayer fog droplets produced by gravity as a rapid settlement, it floats, diffusion, strong penetration, can be in the air for a long time diffuse, stay, smoke penetration can be said to be pervasive, can be dense branches and leaves of the canopy, bark crevices, fruit worm eyes, and even lurking in the soil to kill the pests, kill insects thoroughly without leaving a dead end, and thus good control.
2, the smoke particle size is small, the number of fog particles distributed in the unit space is also more. Experiments have proved that the more the number of fog particles per unit area, the better the control effect. A large number of fog particles in the space diffuse, uniform distribution, greatly increasing the opportunity to contact with germs and pests, and is conducive to improving the control effect. In the greenhouse control this advantage is more significant.
3, due to the spray of fog droplets small particles, fog particles by gravity is small, almost free of the earth's gravity, suspended in the air showing irregular Brownian motion, uniform and long-lasting, free movement of the fog particles can penetrate dense branches and leaves in the foliage on the front and back and the insect body whole-body orientation of the attached deposition, regardless of the target volume size, there are a large number of uniform particles of the liquid solution adhering to the stem and leaves, such as plants, Fruits, the pest's body surface and tentacles, and even the soil and other parts of the real realization of the full range of coverage, which is precisely the important reason for the significant effect of the smoke machine control of pests and diseases.
4, smoke or water mist in the space diffusion, diffusion, suspended, especially effective in killing flying insects. Prevention and control of rubber on powdery mildew and anthracnose has achieved good results, one of the reasons is that the pathogen spores spread by air, a large number of suspended smoke is easy to meet with the spores, can inhibit the formation of floating spore sucker, so that it loses the ability to infest and reproduce, so as to obtain a good prevention and control results.
5, the smoke released by the smoke machine fine particles, most of the smoke agent carrier is an oily substance, so the adhesion is strong, resistant to rainfall, long-lasting efficacy, prevention and control of good results, rainy weather on the spraying of smoke has little effect.
Two, science disinfection, please refer to Baidu encyclopedia for details, web links
Physical methods, chemical methods and biological methods,
1. Mechanical disinfection general application of soap scrubbing, running water rinsing, can be eliminated on the hands of the vast majority of the bacteria or even all the bacteria, the use of multi-layer masks can prevent pathogens from the respiratory tract discharge or invasion. Application of ventilation device filters can make the operating room, laboratory and isolation of the air in the sick room, to protect the sterile state.
2. Thermal disinfection including fire, boiling, flowing steam, high heat steam, dry heat sterilization. Can make the pathogen protein coagulation denaturation, loss of normal metabolic function.
(1) fire where the economic value of small pollutants, metal instruments and corpses can be used in this way. Simple and economical, stable effect.
(2) boiling boil-resistant items and general metal instruments are used in this method, 100 ℃ 1 ~ 2 minutes to complete the disinfection, but the germ cells have to be a long time. Bacillus anthracis bud cells must be boiled for 30 minutes, tetanus bud cells need 3 hours, botulism bud cells need 6 hours. Disinfection of metal instruments, add 1 to 2% sodium carbonate or 0.5% soft soap and other alkaline agents, which can dissolve fat and enhance the bactericidal power. Cotton fabrics with 1% soapy water 15l/kg, have the effect of disinfection and decontamination. When items are boiled to disinfect, not more than 3/4 of the volume, should be immersed under the surface of the water. Pay attention to leave a gap to facilitate convection.
(3) flow steam disinfection Relative humidity 80 ~ 100%, the temperature of nearly 100 ℃, the use of water vapor condensation in things such as the surface, the release of heat energy, kill pathogens. And when the steam cohesion contraction produces negative pressure, promote the outer layer of hot steam into the complementary, penetrate into the depths of the items, accelerate the heat, promote disinfection.
(4) high-pressure steam sterilization (moist heat sterilization) Usually the pressure is 98.066kPa, the temperature 121 ~ 126 ℃, 15 ~ 20 minutes that can completely kill bacterial germs, for heat-resistant, damp items.
(5) dry heat sterilization dry heat air conduction is poor, small heat capacity, weak penetration, the object is heated slowly. Need 160 ~ 170 ℃, 1 ~ 2 hours to sterilize. Applicable to glass containers that can not take water, metal instruments and so on.
Baidu Encyclopedia contains an introduction to the sterilization of tools.
(B) chemical sterilization method
Based on the role of the pathogen protein, divided into the following categories.
1. coagulation protein disinfectant Including phenols, acids and alcohols.
(1) phenols? Mainly phenol, Lysol, hexachlorophenol and so on. Has a special odor, limited bactericidal power. Can make textile discoloration, rubber items become brittle, there is a certain degree of skin irritation, so in addition to Lysol less applications.
Phenol (carbolic acid) (carbolic acid): colorless crystals, has a special odor, damp pink, but the disinfectant power is not reduced. For cellular plasma poison, on the bacterial reproduction type 1:80 ~ 1:110 solution, 20 ℃ for 30 minutes can be killed, but can not kill the bud cells and resistance of the virus. Add soap can be saponified fat, dissolve proteins, promote its penetration, enhance the disinfection effect, but more toxic, irritating to the skin, with a bad smell, can not be used for skin disinfection.
Lysol (coal phenol soap) (lysol): 47.5% cresol and potassium soap formulated. Reddish-brown, soluble in water, has a decontamination effect, bactericidal power stronger than 2 to 5 times more than coal phenol. Commonly used as a 2 to 5% aqueous solution, can be used for spraying, rubbing, soaking containers and hand washing. Bacterial reproduction type 10 ~ 15 minutes can be killed, the effect of germ cells is poor.
Hexachlorophenol (hexochlorophane): bisphenol compounds, slightly soluble in water, soluble in alcohols, esters, ethers, plus alkali or soap can promote dissolution, toxicity and irritation is less, but the bactericidal power is stronger. Mainly used for skin disinfection. To 2.5 ~ 3% hexachlorophenol soap hand washing can reduce skin bacteria 80 ~ 90%, there are reports that can produce nerve damage, so it is not suitable for long-term use.
(2) acids on bacterial propagules and germ cells have a killing effect. But easy to damage the goods, it is generally not used for room disinfection. 5% hydrochloric acid can disinfect washing utensils, fruits, plus 15% salt in 2.5% solution can disinfect fur and leather, 10l/kg heating 30 ℃ soak for 40 hours. Lactic acid is often used in air disinfection, 100m3 space with 10g of lactic acid fumigation for 30 minutes, can kill staphylococcus and influenza virus.
(3) alcohol? Ethanol (alcohol) (ethyl alcohol) 75% concentration can quickly kill the bacterial reproduction type, the role of general viruses slower, the role of hepatitis virus is not sure, the fungal spores have a certain effect on killing, no effect on germ cells. Used for skin disinfection and thermometer immersion disinfection. Because it can not kill germ cells, so it can not be used for surgical instruments immersion disinfection. Isopropyl alcohol (isopropylalcohol) on the bacterial killing ability is greater than ethanol, absorbed through the lungs can lead to anesthesia, but no damage to the skin, can be used instead of ethanol.
2. Dissolving protein disinfectant mainly alkaline drugs, commonly used sodium hydroxide, lime and so on.
(1) sodium hydroxide white crystal, soluble in water, strong bactericidal force, 2 ~ 4% solution can kill viruses and bacterial reproduction, 10% solution can kill tuberculosis mycobacteria, 30% solution can be in 10 minutes to kill cells, because of corrosive, it is rarely used, and is only used to eliminate anthrax germ cells.
(2) lime (CaO) can produce high temperature and dissolve proteins in contact with water to kill pathogens. Commonly used 10～20% of the milk of lime disinfection excreta, the amount must be 2 times as much as the excreta, stirring the role of 4～5 hours. 20% of the milk of lime is used to disinfect anthrax contaminated places, every 4～6 hours spraying, 2～3 times in a row. Brush the wall 2 times can kill the tuberculosis bacillus. Because of the nature of the unstable, so the application should be freshly prepared.
3. Oxidizing protein disinfectants, including chlorine disinfectants and peroxide disinfectants. Because of the strong disinfecting power, it is currently the most widely used in medical and epidemic prevention work.
(1) bleach is most widely used. The main ingredient is calcium hypochlorite [Ca (ClO) 2, containing 25-30% effective, unstable nature, can be light, heat, moisture and CO2 decomposition. Therefore, it should be kept in a dark and dry place in a closed container for not more than 1 year. Hypochlorous acid, the active ingredient, can penetrate into the cell, oxidize the hydrogen sulfide group of cellular enzymes and destroy the cytoplasmic metabolism. It has strong and rapid bactericidal power in acidic environment, and high concentration can kill germ cells, and it is used for disinfection of feces, sputum, pus and so on in powder. Add 200 grams of dry powder per liter, mix well, place 1 to 2 leaflets, urine 5 grams of dry powder per liter, placed for 10 minutes can be. 10-20% emulsion in addition to disinfection of feces and secretions, can be used to spray toilets, contaminated vehicles and so on. If stored for a long time, the actual effective chlorine content should be measured to correct the dosage of preparation. Bleaching powder and tablets containing effective chlorine up to 60 ~ 70%, the use of the proportion can be reduced.
(2) chloramine - T (chloramine T) for the organochlorine disinfectant, containing 24 ~ 26% effective chlorine, more stable, closed to keep 1 year, only the loss of effective chlorine 0.1%. Slightly soluble in water (12%), less irritating and corrosive, the role of hypochlorous acid is slower. 0.2% 1 hour can kill bacterial reproduction, 5% 2 hours can kill tuberculosis bacilli, kill germ cells need more than 10 hours. Various ammonium salts can promote its bactericidal effect. 1~2.5% solution also has a role in hepatitis virus. Active liquid must be used 1 to 2 hours before the preparation, time is too long, the bactericidal effect is reduced.
(3) sodium dichloroisocyanurate (sod. dichlorisocynurate), also known as excellent chlorine net, for the wider application of organochlorine disinfectant, containing chlorine 60-64.5%. It has the advantages of high efficiency, broad-spectrum, stability, high solubility and low toxicity. Aqueous solution can be used for spraying, soaking, rubbing foam, can also be used to disinfect pollutants directly with dry powder, treatment of feces and other excreta, the use of the same bleach. Spray directly on the ground, the dose of 10-20g/m2, mixed with paraformaldehyde dry powder ignition, the gas can be fumigated for disinfection, can be mixed with No. 92 coagulant (hydroxyaluminum chloride as the basis for iron powder, sulfuric acid, hydrogen peroxide and other synthetic) to 1:4 to become a "water clear", for drinking water disinfection. It can be used for drinking water disinfection, and can be prepared with sodium sulfate into various disinfectant washing liquid, such as polyester Jingmei, Euchlorine, etc. It has killing effect on hepatitis virus. Hepatitis virus has a killing effect.
In addition, there are trisodium phosphate chloride, chlorobromodicyanuric acid, etc. The same effect.
(4) peroxyacetic acid (peroxy-acetic acid), also known as peroxyacetic acid, colorless transparent liquid, volatile and irritating acidic odor, is a kind of same-effect quick-acting disinfectant, easily soluble in water and ethanol and other organic solvents, with the corrosive effect of bleaching, volatile and irritating acidic odor, is a kind of high-efficiency and quick-acting disinfectant, easily soluble in water and ethanol and other organic solvents, with the corrosive effect of bleaching, volatile and irritating acidic odor. Ethanol and other organic solvents, with bleaching and corrosive effect, sex unstable, easy to decompose when encountering heat, organic matter, heavy metal ions, powerful alkali, etc. 0.01 ~ 0.5%, 0.5 ~ 10 minutes to kill bacterial propagules, 1% 5 minutes to kill germ cells, commonly used concentration of 0.5 ~ 2%, can be disinfected by immersion, spraying, rubbing, etc., aerosol under closed conditions (5% concentration, the 2.5ml/m2) and fumigation (0.75~1.0g/m3) disinfection.
(5) hydrogen peroxide 3 to 6% solution, 10 minutes can be disinfected. 10 to 25% for 60 minutes, can be sterilized for heat-resistant plastic products, tableware, clothing and other disinfection. 10% hydrogen peroxide gas deep gel spray disinfection of indoor contaminated surfaces; 180 to 200 ml / m3, 30 minutes can kill bacterial propagules; 400 ml / m3, 60 minutes can kill the Sprouts.
Hydrogen peroxide vapor (HPV) disinfection technology is rapidly becoming the biological decontamination method of choice in the pharmaceutical, biotechnology and healthcare industries, achieving a 6-log kill rate of the same bioindicator as autoclave - thermophilic lipophilic bacillus. A wide range of disinfection products and services can be used to bio-decontaminate facilities during commissioning or shutdown. Bioquell uses the patented Clarus Dual Cycle technology combined with PLC program control to optimize the effectiveness of the sterilization cycle. Bioquell achieves biological disinfection when hydrogen peroxide forms a micro-condensation on the surface of the room or chamber, a microscopically invisible sub-micron layer of hydrogen peroxide can be seen at this stage. Scientific studies have confirmed that this low-temperature, residue-free process has already started to kill microorganisms during the steam generation stage. begins to kill microorganisms. The formation of microcondensation ensures that optimal conditions for microbial killing are created, and when the condensation point is reached, the time (D-value) to reduce microorganisms by a logarithmic level (1- log) is the shortest. A steep decline in the number of microorganisms can be seen in the sterilization kinetics curve, which accompanies the formation of microcondensation, and the bioindicator number curve goes from soothing to sharply decreasing.
(6) Potassium permanganate 1-5% concentration immersion for 15 minutes, can kill the bacterial propagules, commonly used in food utensils, melons and fruits disinfection.
4. Cationic surfactants (Cationic surfactants) mainly quaternary ammonium salts, high concentration of protein coagulation, low concentration inhibition of bacterial metabolism. There are bactericidal concentration, toxicity and irritation, no bleaching and corrosion, odorless, stable, water-soluble and so on. However, the bactericidal force is not strong, especially on the germ cell effect is not good, affected by organic matter, more contraindications for its shortcomings. Domestic production of new Jieermei, disinfection of Ning (Du Mi Cang) and disinfection of net to disinfection of Ning stronger bactericidal force, the common concentration of 0.5 ~ 1.0 ‰, can be used for skin, metal instruments, tableware and other disinfection. It is not suitable for excreta and secretion disinfection.
5. Alkylated disinfectants
(1) formalin 34 ~ 40% formaldehyde solution, has a strong bactericidal effect. 1 ~ 3% solution can kill the bacterial reproduction type, 5% solution for 90 minutes or to kill the germ cells, indoor fumigation disinfection is generally used 20ml / m3 plus an equal amount of water for 10 hours to eliminate the contamination of the germ cells, you need to be 80ml / m3 24 hours for the fur, artificial fibers, silk fibers, and so on. For fur, artificial fiber, silk fabrics and other non-heat-resistant items. Because of its poor penetration, irritation, so the disinfection of goods should be spread out, the house must be closed.
(2) glutaraldehyde (glutaraldehyde) role like formaldehyde. In the acidic solution is more stable, but the bactericidal effect is poor, in the alkaline solution can be maintained for 2 weeks, but strong to improve the bactericidal effect, so usually 2% glutaraldehyde with 0.3% sodium bicarbonate, corrected pH for the compounds (bactericidal effect is enhanced, the stability can be maintained for 18 months. Non-corrosive, broad-spectrum, fast-acting, high-heat, low-toxicity and other advantages, can be widely used to kill bacteria, germ cells and viruses disinfection. It should not be used as skin and mucous membrane disinfection.
(3) ethylene oxide (epoxyethane) colorless liquid at low temperature, boiling point 10.8 ℃, so at room temperature for the gas sterilizer. Its role is to destroy the microbial protein by alkylation. General application is at 15 ℃ 0.4 ~ 0.7kg / m2, lasting 12 ~ 48 hours. Temperature increase of 10 ℃, sterilization power can be enhanced more than 1 times, relative humidity 30% sterilization effect is the best. It has the advantages of high activity, strong penetration, no damage to articles, no residual poison, etc. It can be used to sterilize paper, books, cloth, fur, plastics, man-made fibers and metal products. Because of the strong penetrating power, it needs to be sterilized in closed containers. Avoid open flame to prevent explosion. Ventilate after disinfection to prevent inhalation.
6. Others
(1) Iodine interferes with protein metabolism through halogenation. The effect is rapid and long-lasting, non-toxic, and little affected by organic matter. Often iodine, povidone-iodine (iodine and surfactant for indefinite conjugate). Commonly used in skin and mucous membrane disinfection, medical equipment emergency treatment.
(2) Chlorhexidine (hibitane) is a bisguanidine compound. It has a strong disinfection effect on bacteria. Can be used for hand, skin, medical equipment, clothing and other disinfection, commonly used concentration of 0.2 ~ 1 ‰.
7.? Chlorine dioxide
Chlorine dioxide is favored because of its strong bactericidal ability, no harm to humans and animals, as well as the environment does not cause secondary pollution and other characteristics. Chlorine dioxide is not only a non-carcinogenic broad-spectrum environmentally friendly bactericidal disinfectant, but also in sterilization, food preservation, deodorization and other aspects of the performance of significant results.
Chlorine dioxide can also be used for bleaching, such as textiles and papermaking yuan using chlorine bleaching can be replaced by chlorine dioxide.
Bactericidal, disinfection
(1) the disinfection of drinking water Chlorine dioxide is a very effective water purification agent to purify drinking water, including good deodorization and decolorization ability, low concentration of efficient bactericidal and virucidal ability. Chlorine dioxide is used for water disinfection, in its concentration of 0.5-1mg / L, within 1 minute can be 99% of the bacteria in the water, sterilization effect of chlorine 10 times, sodium hypochlorite 2 times, the ability to inhibit viruses than chlorine 3 times higher than the ozone 1.9 times higher. Chlorine dioxide also has a rapid sterilization, PH range (6-10), not affected by water hardness and salt how much, can maintain a long time of sterilization, can efficiently destroy protozoa, spores, mold, algae and biofilm, does not generate chlorinated phenols and trihalomethanes, can be oxidized many organic compounds, thereby reducing the toxicity of the water and mutagenic properties of a variety of features.
(2) the air sterilization air contains a large number of bacteria can cause disease, especially in the catering industry and food processing plant production workshop air microbial species and the number of complex, for these microorganisms are commonly used is the ultraviolet sterilization, but due to the relative humidity of the indoor air, the ultraviolet sterilization effect is not ideal. Chlorine dioxide preparation of strong sterilization capacity, rapid decomposition without residue, very suitable for the food industry and food processing industry related places of air spray sterilization and disinfection. In addition, spring and autumn are colds, bronchitis and other infectious diseases of the season, you can use chlorine dioxide to disinfect the environment, not only can kill pathogenic microorganisms, but also eliminate odors, fresh air. Therefore, chlorine dioxide is very ideal to prevent "SARS" environmental disinfectant.
(3) kitchen utensils, food machinery and equipment disinfection kitchen utensils, food machinery and equipment, containers, etc., if not thoroughly disinfected, it is easy to cause contamination of food, resulting in the occurrence of food poisoning. Use chlorine dioxide to disinfect kitchen utensils, food machinery and equipment, containers, etc., can kill Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and so on.
(4) in the medical field Chlorine dioxide is used for oral gargling, which can effectively control gingivitis, plaque bacteria and bad breath, used as a sitz bath or rinsing, which can prevent a variety of diseases, and so on. In the 1998 flood relief, flood fighters with chlorine dioxide disinfectant solution to wash their faces, sit in the bath, wipe their bodies, soak their feet, soak their underwear, etc., and its magical effect has been verified again. Practice has proved that chlorine dioxide on the prevention and treatment of pink eye, skin diseases and deodorization have good results.
Specific inspection methods:
1. Surface inspection of the items in the disinfection of the adjacent parts of the two 10cm2 range, before and after the disinfection don't take a sterile swab sampling, inoculation culture 24 ~ 48 hours to observe the results.
2. Fecal examination Before and after disinfection, each take 0.2ml of fecal dilution inoculated broth tubes, 37 ℃ incubation for 24 hours and then take samples to transfer the corresponding medium, 24 ~ 48 hours to observe the results.
3. Air disinfection effect check Generally use the natural sedimentation method. Before and after disinfection in the disinfection of space in different planes and locations. Placement of 4 to 5 planes, exposure for 5 to 30 minutes after the cover, cultivate 24 to 48 hours to observe the results.
Baidu encyclopedia link includes home disinfection methods.
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