The economic development of ethnic minority villages is relatively slow and unbalanced. During the research, we learned that the gap between the per capita income of ethnic minority villages and the per capita income of villages in the city and its districts and counties is still large. Among the 117 ethnic minority villages, 65% of the villages (76 villages) do not have an annual per capita income level that meets the average level of the city's suburbs, and 64% (75 villages) do not have an annual per capita income level that meets the average level of the districts and counties in which they are located. Six minority villages have per capita labor income below 6,000 yuan, and one village is below 5,000 yuan. There is also an imbalance in economic development among the minority villages. The highest annual per capita labor income has reached more than 27,200 yuan in the five and nine villages in Xihongmen Township, Daxing District, which are mainly engaged in the production of film and television and lighting equipment for secondary and tertiary industries, as well as the rental of venues. The lowest income of Fangshan District, Hancunhe Township, Erlonggang Village, mainly engaged in traditional agricultural production, only 4,600 yuan, a difference of 5.9 times.
The vast majority of these low-income minority villages are located in remote mountainous areas and water and ecological conservation zones, with a few located in plains. On the one hand, by the relatively poor natural conditions of agriculture, weak economic foundation, inconvenient transportation, ecological protection of industrial investment restrictions and other factors; on the other hand, but also with these ethnic minority villages to develop the economy of the subjective initiative is not high; and then, some of the leading cadres of the importance of economic development of ethnic minority villages is not enough to understand, and thus in the ideological, work "short-sightedness In addition, some leading cadres do not realize the importance of economic development in ethnic minority villages, and thus "short-sighted" or even "neglect" the economic development of ethnic minority villages in their thinking and work. These factors have resulted in the per capita income of some ethnic minority villages hovering between 5,000 and 10,000 yuan, much lower than the average income level of farmers in Beijing and its districts and counties.
There is a lack of overall development planning and special guidance for the social and economic development of ethnic minority villages. The study found that neither the city's nor the county's five-year development plans have ever included the promotion of the economic development of ethnic minority villages as a separate task in their five-year economic and social development plans. Currently, 40 of the 117 minority villages, or 34 percent of the total, have no industrial or master plans. At the same time, the lack of special guidance for the development of ethnic minority villages' economies and insufficient special planning for village and town scale economies centered on collective economies are important reasons for the lack of industrialization and scale projects.
The economic development of ethnic minority villages lacks financial support for industrial development and public **** services. It was also learned in the research that there is a large gap in funding for the economic development of ethnic minority villages. First of all, the amount of special funds is not high, and there is a large gap in supporting funds. 24 million yuan of special funds for the economic construction of ethnic minority villages in 2009, compared with 4.09 billion yuan of Beijing municipal finance for agricultural statutory expenditures in 2009, accounting for only 0.5%, accounting for 4.7% of the 512 million yuan of financial inputs in the construction of the new rural areas from January to June 2009, the amount of funds for the development of ethnic minority villages is only 0.5%. If the average calculation is based on 76 low-income villages, each village only has about 320,000 yuan. Secondly, the economic development of ethnic minority villages lacks funds for industrial development and public **** services. Some low-income ethnic minority villages lack project start-up funds due to weak collective economies and financing difficulties; even if there are some projects with good market prospects, it is difficult to form large-scale and industrialized operations. In addition, the survey also found that many low-income ethnic minority villages now have a heavy debt burden caused by historical debts. Some ethnic villages in the process of industrial transformation of the debt and assume the village social public **** service functions of the formation of the borrowing debt is difficult to make up in the process of economic development.
There is a lack of scientific and technological talents and outstanding leaders in the economic development of ethnic villages. The problem of improving the quality of talents in ethnic villages represented by village cadres is an important factor affecting the economic development of ethnic villages. Some ethnic villages that are relatively lagging behind in economic development have difficulties in attracting talents, and local cadres still have the idea of "waiting, relying and wanting". In addition, ethnic villages are in urgent need of specialized technology and personnel who can promote the development of their industries, especially in agricultural technology. Although the relevant departments have the corresponding technical training every year, but for some technical requirements, especially the key time of the technical guidance of the talent gap is large.
Firmly grasping the theme of unity and struggle of all ethnic groups *** with *** with prosperity and development, fully implementing the law on regional ethnic autonomy, adhering to the scientific concept of development to lead the overall economic and social development of the ethnic areas, in accordance with the requirements of the "five coordinated", and adhering to the state to help, developed regions to support and self-reliance of the ethnic areas, combining efforts to narrow the gap between the ethnic areas and the developed regions, and to reduce the gap between the ethnic areas and the developed regions. In accordance with the requirements of the "five coordinated approaches", the Government will combine national assistance and support from developed regions with self-reliance in ethnic areas, endeavor to narrow the gap between ethnic areas and developed regions, as well as within ethnic areas, and place a more prominent strategic position on accelerating the development of ethnic minorities and ethnic areas. At present and in the coming period, we should focus on the following tasks.
First, we must firmly establish and fully implement the scientific concept of development. Accelerate the economic and social development of ethnic minorities and ethnic areas, the most important thing is to adhere to the scientific concept of development of the overall economic and social development of the overall situation, scientific development ideas and development goals, focusing on the wisdom and strength of the cadres and masses of all ethnic groups, focusing on construction, single-mindedly seek development, focus on solving the current development of ethnic minorities and ethnic areas of the difficulties and problems encountered in the development of ethnic minorities and ethnic areas, to bring into full play the superiority of the socialist system and the regional ethnic autonomy system into the development of the socialist system. The superiority of the socialist system and the system of regional ethnic autonomy will be put into practice in the development of advanced productive forces, the development of advanced culture, and the realization of the fundamental interests of the people of all ethnic groups.
Second, the State should increase its investment in ethnic minorities and ethnic regions. An important measure to accelerate the economic and social development of ethnic minorities and ethnic regions is to increase state investment. As the country's comprehensive strength continues to grow, the central government will continue to strengthen its support for the economic and social development of ethnic minorities and ethnic regions. It will not only support them in their economic construction, but also in their various social undertakings, such as culture, education and health, so as to realize comprehensive and coordinated development and promote the all-round development of the human being. More capital and material resources should be invested, and more practical preferential policies should be implemented in the areas of investment, finance, taxation, finance, industry, and opening up to the outside world. It is necessary to improve the policy transfer payment system that is compatible with the system of regional ethnic autonomy, and gradually increase the strength of financial transfers to ethnic areas. Priority should be given to helping ethnic areas to build a number of infrastructure projects that will play a major role in driving local economic and social development, and to prioritizing small and medium-sized public welfare projects that are closely related to the production and life of the various ethnic groups. In accordance with national economic and social development plans, priority will be given to arranging resource development and deep-processing projects in ethnic areas, with a view to driving and promoting local economic and social development, and with due consideration for the interests of the localities and the masses. The 11th Five-Year Plan for the cause of ethnic minorities, the Plan for Supporting the Development of Ethnic Minorities with Smaller Populations, and the Plan for Enriching the Border Areas should be formulated and implemented. Developed regions should make it their obligation to support ethnic minorities and ethnic regions, further expand the strength and breadth of their support, and actively explore more effective ways and mechanisms of support. We will continue to promote activities such as the Glorious Cause, which has a positive effect on accelerating the economic and social development of ethnic minorities and ethnic regions.
Third, from a practical point of view, take a new way to accelerate development with local characteristics. According to the reality of ethnic areas, effectively improve the public sector of the economy, encourage and support the development of non-public sector of the economy, and strive to cultivate new points of economic growth. It will effectively allocate various resources and factors of production, promote economic restructuring and the transformation of economic growth patterns, develop characteristic economies and advantaged industries, and turn the resource advantages of ethnic areas into economic advantages. Strongly support ethnic areas in prioritizing the development of education, science and technology; support the development of cultural undertakings and cultural industries in ethnic areas; support the inheritance, development and innovation of outstanding ethnic minority cultures; enrich the cultural life of people of all ethnic groups; and continually improve the ideological and moral qualities as well as the scientific and cultural qualities of people of all ethnic groups. Increase financial investment in and technical support for the public **** health system and basic medical services in ethnic areas, strengthen the construction of public **** health facilities in ethnic areas, and establish and improve the rural health service system, the new rural cooperative medical system and the medical assistance system. It is necessary to focus on poverty alleviation and development in ethnic areas, adhere to the developmental approach to poverty alleviation, increase the support of national poverty alleviation funds for poor counties in ethnic areas, and effectively solve the production and living problems of the people in difficulty in ethnic areas. The cadres and masses of all ethnic groups in ethnic areas should insist on self-reliance and hard work, further emancipate their minds, update their concepts, give full play to their enthusiasm, initiative and creativity, and really turn the preferential policies and support from all sides into the ability of self-development.
Fourth, to strengthen the development of human resources in ethnic areas and the construction of ethnic minority cadres. Talent is the key to accelerating the economic and social development of ethnic minorities and ethnic regions. We should put the cultivation of talents at all levels and improve the quality of workers in an important position, give priority to the development of education, continue to increase investment in education, seriously do a good job of universalizing nine-year compulsory education and eliminating illiteracy among young and middle-aged people, and effectively strengthen education at all levels and in all kinds of education, and continuously improve the overall quality of the masses of all ethnic groups. According to the actual needs, we should formulate and implement special plans for the development of talents in ethnic areas, establish and improve the mechanism for talent management work, and help ethnic areas to cultivate more business management talents, professional and technical talents and skilled talents urgently needed for economic and social development, so as to continuously improve the quality of talents and optimize the structure of talents. Efforts should be made to eliminate institutional barriers to the reasonable flow of talents, formulate more favorable policies, adopt flexible and diversified measures, create a good employment mechanism and environment, and encourage, support and attract all kinds of talents at all levels to develop and start businesses in ethnic areas, and contribute their wisdom and talents. It is necessary to do a good job of training, selecting and using ethnic minority cadres, to build a high-quality cadre of ethnic minorities who are politically firm, proficient in business, good at leading reform, opening-up and socialist modernization, and popular among the ethnic groups, and to make this work a fundamental and long-term matter, to organize and implement it seriously, and to continue to grasp it persistently. We should adhere to the "four" policy and the principle of moral integrity, warm concern, strict requirements, and comprehensively improve the quality of the cadres of ethnic minorities, focusing on helping them to strengthen their theoretical learning and practical training, and enhance the leadership of the various ethnic groups to develop the economy, poverty alleviation and prosperity and well-being of the people.
Fifth, we should widely carry out publicity and education activities on national unity. To vigorously carry forward the spirit of the Chinese nation with patriotism as the core, the national unity education into the whole process of civic moral education, into the whole process of the construction of socialist spiritual civilization, so that the whole society firmly set up the ideological concept of national unity, so that the various ethnic groups always maintain a spirited and upward state of mind. Education in the Party's theory of nationalities, national policies, national laws and regulations, and basic knowledge of nationalities should be carried out unremittingly, guiding cadres and masses of all nationalities to strengthen their firmness and conscientiousness in cherishing and safeguarding national unity. In particular, various forms of publicity and education on national unity should be carried out among young people of all ethnic groups, so that the ideology of "three inseparable things" can be y rooted in the hearts and minds of young people of all ethnic groups. We must continue to carry out in-depth activities to promote national unity and progress, encouraging all ethnic groups to learn from and interact with each other, and to realize harmonious coexistence and progress. At the same time, it is necessary to fully implement the Party's policy of freedom of religious belief, respect the religious beliefs of the ethnic minority masses and the ethnic groups in ethnic areas, further raise the level of management of religious affairs in accordance with the law, respect the customs and habits of the ethnic minorities, and safeguard their legitimate rights and interests. Problems affecting national unity should be properly dealt with. It should strengthen the construction of cultural facilities in ethnic areas, support and protect the inheritance, development and innovation of the outstanding culture of ethnic minorities, encourage all ethnic groups to strengthen cultural exchanges, and develop a pluralistic and colorful Chinese national culture.