Guizhou Province
Abbreviation "Qian" or "Gui", is located in the southeast of southwestern China, the provincial capital of Guiyang City. It is bordered by Hunan to the east, Guangxi to the south, Yunnan to the west, and Sichuan and Chongqing to the north. It has six prefectural-level cities, Guiyang, Liupanshui, Zunyi, Anshun, Tongren and Bijie, and three minority autonomous prefectures, namely, Qianxi'nan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture (Xingyi), Qiandong'nan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture (Kaili) and Qiandong'nan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture (Duyun), as well as two prefectural-level counties, namely, Rhenhuai and Weining County, which are directly under the administration of the province.
Guizhou belongs to the southwestern China plateau mountainous terrain, the terrain in the west is high and the east is low, from the center to the north, east and south tilt, the average elevation of about 1,100 meters, the province's geomorphology can be divided into: plateau, mountains, hills and basins of four basic types, the plateau mountainous terrain is predominantly known as the "eight mountains, one water, one field," said, is the only country without a plain, and is the only one in the country that has no plains. It is the only province in the country where there is no plain to support.
Guizhou province is a subtropical humid monsoon climate, with four distinct seasons, warm spring and wind, abundant rainfall, rain and heat at the same time. It is one of the most typical areas in the world for the development of karst landforms, with colorful karst landscapes.
Guizhou Province is one of the birthplaces of ancient mankind, as early as 240,000 years ago there were human beings living, activities, there are the early Paleolithic "Qianxi Guanyindong culture", late Homo erectus "Tongzi man", early Homo sapiens "Shucheng man", and the early Homo sapiens, "Shucheng man", and the early Homo sapiens, "Shucheng man". "Shucheng Man" and Panxian "big cave man", late Homo sapiens "Xingyi Man", Puding "through the hole man", Tongzi "Ma'anshan Man", "Baiyan Foot Cave Man" and Anlong "Guanyin Cave Man".
Topography
Guizhou belongs to the mountainous plateau of southwestern China, with the terrain in the west
Topographic map of Guizhou Province
higher than the east and lower than the east, tilting from the central part of the country to the north, east and south, and with an average elevation of about 1,100 meters above sea level. Guizhou Plateau is mostly mountainous, known as "eight mountains and one water and one field".
The province's geomorphology can be summarized as: plateau, mountains, hills and basins of four basic types, of which 92.5% of the area for the mountains and hills. There are many mountain ranges in the province, with heavy mountains, long stretches and high valleys. In the north there are large Lou Mountain, from west to east north diagonally across the northern border, Sichuan-Guizhou pass Loushanguan 1444 meters high; south-central Miao Ridge across, the main peak of Leigongshan 2178 meters high; northeast of the territory of the Wuling Mountains, meandering into the Qian from Hunan, the main peak of the Fanjingshan 2572 meters high; the western towering Wumeng Mountain, belonging to this mountain range of Hetzhang County, Zhu City Township, leek ping elevation of 2900.6 meters for the highest point of the territory of Guizhou.
And Liping County, Liping County, Qiandongnan Prefecture, Shukou River out of the provincial border, the elevation of 147.8 meters, the lowest point in the territory. The development of karst landforms in Guizhou is very typical. The karst landscape covers an area of 109,084 square kilometers, accounting for 61.9% of the total land area of the province, with a wide range of karst distribution, a complete range of morphology types, and an obvious geographical distribution, constituting a special karst ecosystem. [3]
Climate
Guizhou's
Wanfenglin, Xingyi, Guizhou
The climate is warm and humid, and belongs to the subtropical humid monsoon climate. Temperature variations are small, and the climate is pleasantly warm in winter and cool in summer.In 2002, the average annual temperature in Guiyang City, the provincial capital, was 14.8°C, an increase of 0.3°C over the previous year. In the province, the average temperature of the coldest month (January) is usually between 3℃ and 6℃, higher than that of other areas at the same latitude; the average temperature of the hottest month (July) is usually between 22℃ and 25℃, which is a typical summer cool area. Precipitation is high, the rainy season is obvious, and there are many cloudy days with little sunshine.
In 2002, among the cities in which the nine municipalities are located, the most precipitation was in Xingyi City, with 1,480 millimeters; the least was in Bijie City, with 687.9 millimeters. Affected by the monsoon precipitation is mostly concentrated in the summer. The number of cloudy days generally exceeds 150 days in all parts of the territory, and the perennial relative humidity is above 70%.
Environment
As of the end of 2014, there were 67 approved national-level ecological civilization construction demonstration zones and 378 approved provincial-level ecological civilization construction demonstration zones in Guizhou Province. There are 123 nature reserves in the province***, including 9 state-level nature reserves. The province's forest coverage rate is 49.0%. The annual investment in environmental protection funds amounted to 8.656 billion yuan. New sewage treatment plant capacity of 142,600 cubic meters per day, urban sewage treatment rate rose to 86.87%. The area of green space in the urban built-up area was 29,600 hectares. The rate of industrial water reuse was 94.32%, down 0.9 percentage points from the previous year; the comprehensive utilization rate of industrial solid waste was 46.52%. Chemical oxygen demand emissions of 327,200 tons, sulfur dioxide emissions of 902,500 tons. [2]
Social Security
As of the end of 2014, there were 3,612,800 participants in basic pension insurance for urban workers in Guizhou Province, including 2,681,000 enterprise workers; 15,866,400 participants in basic pension insurance for urban and rural residents; 1,918,600 participants in unemployment insurance; and 2,750,500 participants in industrial injury insurance. The number of people covered by maternity insurance was 2.480 million. The province's minimum subsistence guarantee for urban residents amounted to 476,300 people, while the minimum subsistence guarantee for rural residents amounted to 4,183,100 people. The number of social service beds in the province is 100,500, and the number of adoptions by various types of social service organizations providing accommodation is 29,100, including 24,800 adoptions by elderly service organizations. [2]
Culture
As of the end of 2014, Guizhou Province*** had 39 performing arts organizations, 98 mass art museums and cultural centers, 94 public **** libraries, 107 archives, 75 museums and memorials, 6 performing arts venues, and 1,564 township comprehensive cultural stations. At the end of the year, there were 3,795,400 cable TV subscribers. The province's comprehensive population coverage rate of radio and television increased to 91.5% and 95.4% respectively. There were 6 book publishing houses, 1 audio-visual publishing house, and 685 printing and reproduction enterprises; the annual book publication volume was 60,906,400 copies, and the magazine publication volume was 15,982,800 copies. [2]
Miao Paper Cutting
Guizhou Cuisine (9)
The Miao people of Qiandongnan call paper cutting "flower cutting" and "Miao flower paper". In the long-term practice of embroidery, artists found that instead of depicting patterns on the embroidery surface, paper-cutting patterns can be accurately reproduced constantly, saving both labor and time, while also keeping the embroidery surface clean and bright, from then on, they took the paper-cutting patterns as a "blueprint" for the art of embroidery. In order to ensure the quality of embroidery, Miao women put their smart talent and joy, anger, sadness and other aesthetics into the paper-cutting pattern, making it different, with distinctive national characteristics.
The Miao folk paper-cutting form is flexible and varied, each with its own characteristics. Such as the "center of the composition type", artists mainly in the center of the picture to show the theme, surrounded by the corresponding symmetry and coordination, with different flowers, trees, grasses and insects to decorate with. This is different from the "incomplete symmetry" type that takes the central axis as the coordinates, with the equal distribution of the amount of the picture to produce a sense of stability, hierarchy and rhythm, breaking through the monotonous and stereotypical compositional forms that only emphasize unity and do not emphasize change. [15]
Culinary Culture
Guizhou cuisine, also known as Qian cuisine, consists of several flavors, including Guiyang cuisine, northern Guizhou cuisine and ethnic minority cuisine. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Guizhou cuisine had already matured, with many dishes having a history of more than 600 years. One of the specialties of Guizhou cuisine is acid. In Guizhou, there is a folk song that says, "If you don't eat acid for three days, you'll have to walk a lot". Sauerkraut is pickled at home and is appetizing and appetizing. Sour soup has the effect of refreshing and refreshing, sterilizing and disinfecting, removing grease and fat, strengthening the spleen and preventing stones. The main raw materials for pickling sauerkraut are radish, cabbage, cabbage and so on. The production of sour soup is divided into vegetable acid, fish acid, meat acid, rice acid, etc., completely relying on biological natural fermentation.
Sichuan
Sichuan
Short for "Chuan" or "Shu", the provincial capital of Chengdu, is located in the southwest hinterland of mainland China, and has been known as the "Land of Heaven" since ancient times, and is the gateway to western China and the hometown of the giant panda. It is the gateway to western China and the hometown of giant pandas. Sichuan is now bordered by Chongqing, Guizhou, Yunnan, Tibet, Qinghai, Gansu and Shaanxi provinces and municipalities. The eastern part of Sichuan consists of the Parallel Ridge Valley and the Central Sichuan Hills, the central part of Sichuan consists of the Chengdu Plain, and the western part of Sichuan is the Western Sichuan Plateau. Sichuan now has one sub-provincial city, 17 prefecture-level cities, and three minority autonomous prefectures.
Sichuan, China's important economic, industrial, agricultural, military, tourism and cultural province. Chengdu, the capital of the province, is the seat of Chengdu Military Region, one of the seven military regions.
Sichuan is rich in resources, now has proven reserves of 132 kinds of mineral resources, accounting for 70% of the country's resources, for the country's resources, energy province, is the starting point of the Sichuan gas to the east. It is also the starting point for the eastward transportation of Sichuan gas. Because of its richness in products and resources, it is known as the "Land of Heavenly Capital".
Sichuan's economy is developing rapidly, and its transportation lines are dense, making it the "comprehensive transportation hub in western China" and the "highland of economic development in western China".
Geographic location
Sichuan lies between 97°21'-108°33'E longitude and 26°03'-34°19'N latitude, in the hinterland of southwestern China, on the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, with an east-west length of 1,075 kilometers, a north-south width of 921 kilometers, and a 51-minute time difference between the east and west borders. It borders seven provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities), and is adjacent to Chongqing in the east, Qinghai, Gansu and Shaanxi in the north, Yunnan and Guizhou in the south, and Tibet in the west. It is an important combination of southwestern, northwestern and central regions, and is an important intersection and transportation corridor that takes over southern and central China, connects southwestern and northwestern China, and communicates with South and Southeast Asia in Central Asia. [7]
Topography of Sichuan
Climatic characteristics
The general characteristics of Sichuan's climate are: significant differences in regional performance, the eastern part of the winter warmth, drought in spring, summer heat, autumn rain, more clouds and fog, less sunshine, the long growing season, while the western part of the cold, the longest winter, basically no summer, sunshine, precipitation is concentrated, the dry and rainy seasons are clearly defined; the climate of the vertical changes, climate types, conducive to agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry Comprehensive development; meteorological disasters are many, occurring with high frequency and large scope, mainly drought, heavy rainfall, floods and low temperatures also occur frequently. [8]
The duration of daily temperature ≥ 10 ℃ is 240 to 280 days, the cumulative temperature reaches 4000 to 6000 ℃, the daily difference in temperature is small, the annual difference is large, the winter is warm and the summer is hot, and the frost-free period is 230 to 340 days. The basin has more clouds and fewer sunny days, and the sunshine time in 2013 was shorter, only 1,000 to 1,400 hours, which is 600 to 800 hours less than that of the lower part of the Yangtze River Basin at the same latitude. Rainfall is abundant, with annual precipitation reaching 1,000 to 1,200 millimeters.
Southwest Sichuan mountain subtropical semi-humid climate zone. The region in 2013, higher temperatures, annual average temperature of 12 ~ 20 ℃, small annual difference, large daily difference, early cold and warm, four seasons are not obvious, but the wet and dry seasons are distinct. Precipitation was low, with seven months of dry season in 2013, and annual precipitation of 900 to 1,200 mm, 90% of which was concentrated in May to October. There are fewer clouds, more sunny days, and long sunshine hours, with more than 2,000 to 2,600 hours of annual sunshine. Its river valley area by the burning wind to form a typical dry and hot river valley climate, the mountains form a significant three-dimensional climate.
Northwest Sichuan alpine plateau alpine climate zone. The region has a large altitude difference, the climate of three-dimensional change is obvious, from the valley to the ridge in order of subtropical, warm temperate, mesothermal, frigid temperate, frigid, frigid and permafrost zone. In general, the cold temperate climate is dominated by dry and warm river valleys, cold and wet mountains, cold winters, cool summers, insufficient water and heat, the average annual temperature of 4 to 12 ℃, the annual precipitation of 500 to 900 millimeters. The weather is sunny and sunny, with 1600 to 2600 hours of sunshine per year.
Topography and geomorphology
Sichuan is located in the first and second level of the three major terrain gradients in mainland China, that is, in the first level of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and the second level of the transition zone of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Plain, the high and low, high in the west and low in the east is particularly obvious. The west is highland and mountainous, with an altitude of more than 3,000 meters; the east is basin and hilly, with an altitude of between 500 and 2,000 meters. The province can be divided into five major parts of the Sichuan Basin, western Sichuan alpine plateau area, northwestern Sichuan hilly plateau mountainous area, western Sichuan south mountainous area, Micangshan Dabashan middle mountainous area. Sichuan has a complex landscape, with mountains as the main feature, with mountains, hills, plains and plateaus of four types of landforms, accounting for 74.2%, 10.3%, 8.2% and 7.3% of the province's area, respectively. Soil types are rich, *** there are 25 soil classes, 63 subclasses, 137 soil genera, 380 soil species, the number of soil classes and subclasses accounted for 43.48% and 32.60% of the national total, respectively. [9]
Western Sichuan Plateau
The Western Sichuan Plateau is the southeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau and a part of the Hengduan Mountain Range, with a ground elevation of 4,000-4,500 meters, and is divided into two parts, the Northwestern Sichuan Plateau and the Western Sichuan Mountains. Western Sichuan Plateau and Chengdu Plain is the demarcation line of the Qionglai Mountains in Ya'an, west of the mountains is the Western Sichuan Plateau. Northwest Sichuan Plateau terrain from west to east tilt, divided into mound-like plateau and high plains. Mounds and valleys, valley wide mound round, sparsely arranged, widely spread swamps. The mountains of northwest Sichuan are high in the northwest and low in the southeast. According to the depth of cutting can be divided into alpine original and alpine canyon area. On the West Sichuan Plateau, mountains compete for supremacy, rivers flow, and the source of the Yangtze River and its main tributaries nurture an ancient and mysterious civilization here.
Sichuan Basin
Sichuan Basin, surrounded by linked mountain ranges, is located in the middle of the eastern edge of China's Great Western Region, on the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, encompassing east-central Sichuan and most of Chongqing, and is the main region of Sichuan and Chongqing, with dense population and towns.
The Sichuan Basin covers an area of more than 260,000 square kilometers, accounting for 33% of the administrative area of Sichuan. Sichuan Basin west of the Tibetan Plateau and the Hengduan Mountains, near the Qinling Mountains in the north, with the Loess Plateau, east of Hunan and Hubei mountains, south of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, the basin's northern edge of the Micang Mountains, the southern edge of the Dalou Mountains, the eastern edge of the Wushan Mountains, the western edge of the Qionglai Mountains, the northwestern edge of the Longmen Mountains, the northeastern edge of the Dabashan Mountains, the southwestern edge of the Daliangshan Mountains, the southeastern edge of the Wuling Mountains looking at the other side of the mountain. The rocks here are mainly composed of purplish red sandstone and shale. These two kinds of rocks are extremely easy to weather and develop into purple soil. Purple soil is rich in calcium, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrients, and is the most fertile natural soil in China. The Sichuan Basin is the most concentrated place in China where purple soil is distributed, and is known as the "Purple Basin". The bottom of the Sichuan Basin covers an area of about 160,000 square kilometers, and according to its geographical differences, it can be divided into three parts: the western Sichuan plains, the central Sichuan hills and the eastern Sichuan parallel valleys.
Sichuan Basin can be subdivided into five parts according to its orientation: east Sichuan, west Sichuan, south Sichuan, north Sichuan and central Sichuan.
Science and Technology
Sichuan Science and Technology Museum
As of the end of 2014, Sichuan has 12 state-level key laboratories, 165 provincial and ministerial key laboratories, 16 state-level engineering and technology research centers, and 127 provincial engineering and technology research centers. The province has 26 academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and 33 academicians of the Chinese Academy of Engineering. The province applied for 91,167 patents throughout the year, and was authorized 47,120 patents, of which 29,926 were invention patents and 5,682 were authorized invention patents. At the end of the year, there were 2,150 recognized high-tech enterprises; 4 national agricultural science and technology parks; 26 national innovative (pilot) enterprises, including 14 innovative enterprises and 12 innovative pilot enterprises; 1,623 provincial-level innovative enterprises; 30 key industrial technology innovation alliances, including 2 national pilot alliances and 1 national key cultivation alliance; and 7 national record alliances. Throughout the year, 11,991 technology contracts were registered, with a turnover of 22.1 billion yuan. Completed the registration of provincial scientific and technological achievements 2206. [11]
Health
Huaxi Hospital
As of the end of 2014, there were 80,104 healthcare institutions in Sichuan Province, including 1,802 hospitals and 75,137 grassroots medical and healthcare institutions; there were 452,000 beds, and 452,000 healthcare technicians, of which there were 146,000 practicing physicians, 35,000 practicing physician assistants, and 169,000 registered 169,000 nurses. There are 202 maternal and child health care institutions, with 0.5 million practicing physicians and practicing assistants and 0.7 million registered nurses; there are 4,575 township health centers, with 35,000 practicing physicians and practicing assistants and 20,000 registered nurses.
The new rural cooperative medical care system covers all counties (cities and districts) involved in agriculture, with an annual participation rate of 99.3 percent. The actual compensation ratio for hospitalization costs increased to 63.3 percent. The online procurement rate of basic drugs was 99.2%. The reported incidence rate of statutory infectious diseases has been lower than the national average for eight consecutive years. The maternal mortality rate, infant mortality rate and mortality rate of children under 5 years of age continued to decline, falling to 24.4 per 100,000, 7.99 per thousand and 9.55 per thousand, respectively. [11]
Sports
Sichuan Provincial Gymnasium
In 2014, Sichuan Province's outstanding sports teams won 14 gold medals, 7 silver medals, and 9 bronze medals in world-class competitions; 32 gold medals, 16 silver medals, and 11 bronze medals in Asian-level competitions; and 12 gold medals, 19 silver medals, and 24 bronze medals in national competitions. The annual sports lottery sales amounted to 4.02 billion yuan, an increase of 11.5%,*** raising public welfare funds of 1.19 billion yuan. At the end of the year, there were 15 national-level high-level reserve talent bases, 21 provincial-level, and 30 key units of amateur training at the municipal (county) level; there were 253 national-level youth sports clubs. *** construction of 7,268 national fitness paths, 142 new ones were built that year. The implementation of sports "ten people's action", the new farmers' sports and fitness projects 3693. [11]
Environmental Protection
As of the end of 2014, there were 168 nature reserves in Sichuan Province*** with an area of 84,000 square kilometers, accounting for 17.35% of the province's land area. Throughout the year, three ecological counties (districts) passed the acceptance of the national level, and four ecological counties (cities and districts) passed the acceptance of the provincial level
Each province has its own characteristics and features.