1. Carrier Technology
To make a spacecraft overcome gravity and air resistance to rush out of the Earth's atmosphere, it must be made to operate at a speed greater than the first cosmic velocity (7.9 km/s), which requires a power unit that can provide powerful energy, i.e., a launch vehicle. A launch vehicle is a vehicle that carries a spacecraft into a predetermined orbit in space.
2. Spacecraft technology
Also known as space vehicle technology. Spacecraft is in space to explore and study the space environment and the development and utilization of space resources, there are two significant features, one is that its movement in space basically follow the laws of celestial mechanics.
The second is that it can meet the specific needs of the ground (human society). Spacecraft are categorized into two main groups, unmanned spacecraft and manned spacecraft, according to whether they carry people or not. The first spacecraft introduced were artificial satellites, followed by space probes, manned spaceships, space laboratories and space stations, and space shuttles. Spacecraft technology is now developing in the direction of expanding functions, improving performance, prolonging life and increasing efficiency.
The purpose of building the International Space Station is to establish a permanent scientific laboratory in space, on which various research equipment and experimental instruments can be placed, so that astronauts can utilize the microgravity environment in space to conduct long-term scientific research. Specifically, there are five purposes: (1) to build a world-class research laboratory in order to carry out high-quality scientific research; (2) to make full use of the microgravity resources in space; (3) so that astronauts can work and live above for a long period of time; (4) to explore an effective mechanism of international cooperation; (5) for the development of science and technology in the 21st century, to provide an ideal "test platform". "
International
The main structure of the International Space Station: (1) the basic truss, used to install the module segments, solar panels, mobile service system and station exposure test facilities; (2) habitation module, mainly used for astronauts to live in the living accommodation, which includes corridors, toilets, showers, sleeping stations and medical facilities, the United States to undertake the development and launch into space; (3) the service module, which contains the scientific instrumentation and other service facilities, also contains part of the residential function, developed and launched by Russia; (4) functional cargo module, containing astronauts life support facilities and part of the residential function, as well as power supply, fuel staging area, etc., the module is equipped with multi-directional docking ports on the outside, developed and launched by Russia; (5) a number of experimental module, of which the United States 1, the ESA 1, Japan 1, Russia, 3; (6) node module (3) , they are developed by the United States and the European Space Agency, is to connect the module segments of the channel and the astronauts for extravehicular activities of the exit; (7) energy systems and solar cell sails, provided by the United States and Russia; (8) mobile service system (mainly remote manipulation of the robotic arm), it is developed by Canada.