1:Methyl blue in the eutrophic water, the organic matter in the water will make the effect of the medicine decay very quickly. So you can increase the dosage appropriately if you use Methyl Blue in an old tank.
2: trichlorfon is very unstable in alkaline water, in a short period of time will be off the hydrochloric acid and become dichlorvos, so trichlorfon is best used in slightly acidic water. In addition, trichlorfon is extremely toxic to shrimp, gastropods, mollusks, etc., so it is not advisable to use trichlorfon in the water bodies where the above individuals are kept.
3: Malachite should never come into contact with zinc or galvanized iron containers, which can dissolve enough zinc to cause acute zinc poisoning in fish. Malachite can cause mild inflammation of the digestive tract, gills and skin of fish, which can affect feeding and growth, so it is not recommended!
4: formalin placed for too long or the temperature is too low, easy to coagulate into a white precipitate, need to be slightly heated to be clarified solution before use.
5: formalin + malachite = toxic
6: formalin + methyl blue = toxic
7: yellow powder + water stabilizer = toxic
I hope that the fish friends will know their own contraindications to the use of medication and the use of medication recipes, remedies, as well as ancestral recipes to contribute to it! I hope you can contribute your own knowledge of the contraindications and remedies, as well as ancestral recipes!
What about the issue of fish rubbing the tank! In fact, it is very extensive! There are many reasons, but most of them do not lie in the tank, rubbing the tank is just a manifestation of the form, usually on the treatment of the tank I have the following comments:
One, pay attention to the observation of the water cycle in the tank: see whether the fish feces can be pumped into the pump. Adjust the pump's inlet and outlet of the filter tank to the best position so that the feces will be sucked into the filter tank by the pump along with the water flow (see my previous post "Tips"). In order to make the pump work better, you should buy a slightly bigger pump than the regular one, that is to say: for a 1.2 meter tank, you should buy a 36 watt pump for a 30 watt pump. No feces left in the tank is key. In addition, the colorful ones are afraid that the water will be too strong and will rush to the fish, you can flush the outlet to the tank wall, so that the water will hit the tank wall inside the tank and return to the inlet of the pump.
Two, filter cotton or sponge thicker, as the bacteria bed is enough, do not have to spend money to buy strains ah, bacteria bed ah and so on. Comparison, the sponge is better, more economical and practical, filter cotton wash a few times will be torn, to replace the new, and sponge with a longer time. Although every time you wash, wash away the spoils at the same time will wash away part of the nitrifying bacteria, but will leave enough nitrifying bacteria to become seeds, the role of the pump has played, plus the sponge both play a role in filtration and play a role in the nitrifying bacteria beds, coupled with the tank wall, the tank decorations are a good bacteria beds, the old water is also produced. In addition, due to the thick filter sponge, the top-mounted filter tank may store water and overflow, the tank of the baffle net pad higher on the line. Note: The sponge should be the kind of fine, new permeability will be worse, with a period of time on the good.
Here I say by the way to raise tropical fish to pay attention to things:
Just bought the fish, in the habit of new environments, you can begin to feed, generally put the fish in the tank half a day later, if you find that the fish began to peck at the wall or the bottom of the tank laid sand grains, that is, you can start feeding. Some fish refuse to eat when they change their environment, so it is important to feed the fish the feed they like, which can be balanced with artificial feed and living feed. Be careful with portion sizes and avoid leftover scraps, which can rot and damage water quality.
Several reasons that cause tropical fish to get sick and die:
1, the water temperature changes drastically --- the optimal temperature suitable for the survival of tropical fish is 25 ℃, but there are still differences in the temperature requirements of different species, some of which should be as high as 30 ℃ or so, and some favorite 20 ℃. So on average, 25℃ is a generally acceptable temperature.
2, stocking density is too large --- many people see aquariums can put a lot of lovely fish in a fish tank, so also in the home tank to raise a lot of fish, this feeding method, no matter which kind of fish will die. If you are keeping many different kinds of fish, you must consider the space for each kind of fish and reduce the number of fish. No matter what kind of fish you have, it is never a good thing to have too many fish in a small tank.
3, the type of feed --- tropical fish diet varies from species to species, can be roughly divided into animal, plant, omnivorous 3 categories. So we must understand the fish in the tank, what type, like to eat what food, categorized feeding.
4, disease --- tropical fish are sick for many reasons, including infected by the bought sick fish, because the temperature is too low triggered by the white spot disease and water quality due to the residual food corruption or fish feces and dirt decomposition due to the deterioration.
Water for keeping tropical fish
1. The softness and hardness of the water is generally speaking the drinking water in our country's large and medium-sized cities, the vast majority of which is the river water or reservoir water, the hardness of the water is about 5, which is more suitable for the growth of the tropical fish, so the softness and hardness of the water in general can not be paid attention to. However, the softness of water does play a significant role in the reproduction of fish. Colorful fairy and red lotus lamp and so on are in the hardness of 0-1 water spawning; Argentine pearl and some oviparous overlooking fish family ornamental fish, can only survive in the hardness of 0 water; South Asia, Southeast Asia in the waters of the tropical fish are breeding in the hardness of 5 or so of the water. China's southern cities, Guangzhou, Foshan, the water quality is softer, on the seven-colored fairy, red lotus lamp and other South American production of delicate fish species, has a unique breeding conditions.
Northern cities, such as Beijing, Tianjin, the water quality is a little hard, breeding such species is very difficult. In recent years, due to the continuous updating of aquarium equipment and medicines, people can formulate a variety of pH, soft and hard water quality under various conditions. In addition, the softness and hardness of the water also play a certain influence on the color of the fish body, for example, the blue color fairy in the hardness of 0 conditions, light blue, and in the hardness of the water is a little more bright blue or lake blue. There is also a noticeable change in the flexibility of the fish's body.
Fish keepers can use magnetized faucets for a long time, which is a good way to reduce water hardness. It should be noted that some areas of Beijing (other cities may also have) to extract groundwater as drinking water, such water often contains too many minerals, water hardness is very great, it is not suitable for keeping tropical fish.
2. The acidity and alkalinity of the water The acidity and alkalinity of the water is an increasingly important issue in keeping high-grade tropical fish. Fish fans who have been keeping colorful fairy for a long time have dealt with this problem quite well. Such as Beijing Zhongshan Park held a fish show, has successfully hatched two batches of blue colorful fairy chicks, good growth, now with the tourists to meet. At present, China's fresh water and drinking water in the north and south, ph value has a certain difference. In the south, such as Guangzhou and other places of drinking water, ph value should be lower than 7, is the ideal water quality of breeding colorful fairy. Beijing's water ph value in 7 or so, is neutral water, yellowfin whore, pomfret and other half seawater fish, in guangzhou is not easy to raise good, but in Beijing is lively and healthy. World-wide freshwater tropical ornamental fish, from the origin, mainly two systems. That is, the growth of freshwater waters in South America and Southeast Asia, South Asia freshwater waters of the two major categories of tropical fish. Among them, growing in South American waters in the species. Most like to live in the ph value of less than 7 in weakly acidic water, while growing in Southeast Asia, South Asian waters, including the growth of fish species in the southern waters of North America are more like to live in the ph value of 7 in neutral water. In addition, some semi-marine fish, such as bat pomfret, yellowfin pomfret and Oceania's colorful gold phoenix, etc. are more like weak alkaline water quality. Understanding the above general rule, for us to raise medium and high-grade tropical fish species will have greater help. At present, the domestic and foreign ornamental fish market sales of fish equipment, medicine is relatively scarce. Especially the stabilizers for adjusting ph value have not been seen yet. In order to better keep high-grade tropical fish, fish side often resort to chemicals. Baking soda is mainly used to raise the ph value, while diluted phosphoric acid solution is used to lower the ph value, and the effect is not very satisfactory.
Keepers should prefer to minimize the use of chemicals and use water filters (i.e., strainers). Prepare an unused tank and put in fresh water. If you need weakly acidic water with ph value lower than 7, use a water filter with activated carbon for 24 hours; if you need weakly alkaline water with ph value higher than 7, add silica sand or mafic rock.
3. The temperature of the water is very important in the north, winter and spring fish farming. According to the general rule, low-grade tropical fish grow well in 22-25C, while the medium and high-grade tropical fish need 25-28C, up to 32C. Frying fish need a slightly higher water temperature than adult fish; small, brightly colored fish species than the body of the body of a single species of strong, body color tone of the water temperature to be a little higher; the sick fish than the health of the fish to be a little higher; high-grade fish than the low-grade fish to be a little higher water temperature. Due to the poor quality of some aquarium equipment, coupled with some small and medium-sized cities with the phenomenon of power outages, so the choice of a slightly larger aquarium, the relative safety factor to be a little higher, because the water temperature of large aquariums to fall much slower. In addition, some fish fans install a few heaters in the tank in winter, for fear of uneven temperatures in the water, in fact, there is no such need. Because in the same tank, uneven water temperature is conducive to the growth of tropical fish, which is the past general fish books have not yet talked about.
4. The water "raw and ripe degree" of this factor on the tropical fish, especially high-grade tropical fish has a great impact. First-time feeders are often puzzled by the "old water" trapped in the tank for a number of days, the temperature is also appropriate, but the fish is not alive. This is mainly water is too "raw", in the jargon, too "flute" sake, since the reform and opening up, domestic and foreign high-grade new tropical fish varieties continue to embrace the market in China, almost every year, the introduction of ten new varieties. These medium and high-grade ornamental fish species in China's water quality to have a familiarization process. Comparison of "raw" water is very difficult to survive. Especially in the northern cities, high-grade tropical fish are transported by air, the water quality is more "raw", the mortality rate is very high. Our country has been breeding for many years, "tiger", "fairy fish", "Man Long" and so on, because of the living environment has long been familiar with, generally good breeding. At present, experienced fish connoisseurs and aquarium stores, "serving" high-grade fish is not very high, mainly * a few tanks of "old water". Here the so-called "old water", does not mean trapped in a few days of water, but refers to the water that has raised fish. I understand from long-term practical experience, the surface of the tropical fish body has a set of fine fat or mucus, long-term fish water will dissolve this oil or mucus, so that the water can be called "ripe water". Medium and high-grade tropical fish have not settled in Beijing for a long time, and the water quality in Beijing should have a long adaptation process. At present, if you are feeding these species for the first time, you should try to use "ripe water" with a slightly higher temperature. "Cooked water" can be obtained by some low-grade fish "breaking into the tank" or taking some fish water from other fish lovers. If we master the above four elements of water, the mortality rate of fish farming will be greatly reduced. To summarize the above, we should pay attention to the following issues: pay attention to the softness and hardness of the water when breeding chicks; pay attention to the acidity and alkalinity of the water when rearing in separate tanks; pay attention to the temperature of the water when rearing for the first time, and pay attention to the "rawness and ripeness" of the water when rearing medium- and high-grade fish species for the first time.
In vitro and in vivo parasites of this disease in the scientific name called Hsu's flatfish disease, related to the following:
I. Types of diseases There are many types of diseases that cause the death of the Hsu's flatfish, but the main parasitic diseases (including helminths and parasitic crustaceans) and bacterial diseases.
1. Helminthiasis is mainly heterocystis, which is a monogenean trematode (male and female). The pathogen is parasitized on the gill arches of the fish and feeds on the blood of the host. When the number of parasites is large, the host secretes a large amount of mucus, the gill flaps become white or hemorrhagic, or even collapse, and anemia symptoms appear, manifesting itself in the form of non-feeding, darkening of the body color, weakness, and inability to swim.
2. Parasitic crustaceans Parasitic crustaceans are mainly lernaeids and fish lice, which are parasitized in the mouth, gill cavity and body surface of fish. These parasites are usually visible to the naked eye due to their large size.
3. Bacterial diseases are secondary diseases. Bacterial species are mainly Vibrio, including Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio eel, Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio traumaticus, Vibrio alginolyticus and so on. The fish body shows hemorrhage and ulceration symptoms after infection.
4. Water mold disease Generally in late June to mid-September during the onset of the seawater temperature of the water temperature rise faster and summer water temperature increase, feeding water exchange is poor or poor water filtration for the survival of water molds and reproduction to provide the best conditions, which led to water mold disease in the fish body surface epiphyte. Seriously ill fish body surface attached to a layer of white film, injured fish body abrasions often have mold invasion to the dermal tissue, triggering skin ulceration, congestion, fins red ulceration, and concurrent vibrio breeding, ultimately leading to the death of the fish.
Second, the disease control measures for the prevention and treatment of diseases of the Hsu's flatfish, emphasizing "prevention is more important than cure". Xu's flatfish live in the water, usually its physical condition is not easy to observe, which is timely detection of sick individuals and prevention and treatment of certain difficulties; secondly, after the fish disease, most of the loss of appetite, do not eat, it is difficult to enter the body according to the required dosage of drugs. Therefore, the focus of disease prevention and control for farmed fish should be on prevention and control, and treatment is only a remedy of last resort. The use of "healthy farming" management measures are:
1. stocking of robust and pathogen-free fry control stocking density should be controlled to control the seedling density is not too large, according to the growth of the fish body, the timely distribution of seedlings, adjust the stocking density, reduce the same kind of contact with the chance of infection, in order to help improve the survival rate of aquaculture.
2. Feed high quality feed to feed fresh, palatable bait Feeding should pay attention to the observation of fish feeding, according to the amount of fish feeding to determine the amount of feeding, do not overfeeding, so as to avoid residual bait pollution of the water body. In order to reduce the chances of fish disease, you should replace and brush the netting in time to maintain a good environment for fish growth.
3. Ensure sufficient dissolved oxygen Aquaculture animals for oxygen (dissolved oxygen) is not only in the respiratory direct needs, but also in its environmental needs. Maintain the aquaculture water body in the dissolved oxygen in 10 mg / liter or more, not only is the need to prevent diseases of farm animals, but also to protect the breeding environment needs.
4. Strengthen the daily management Daily determination of water temperature, salinity, pH, transparency and other water quality indicators in the sea area. When the water temperature of 18 ℃ or more, the fish body once a month for freshwater baths, summer is 15 days of freshwater baths to remove parasites on the surface of the fish body; if necessary, to carry out high salinity seawater baths, add salt to the seawater salinity of 80, bathing for 3 minutes to 5 minutes.
5. Correct use of drugs Some drugs, such as antimicrobials, if used frequently may make the pathogenic bacteria resistant and pollute the environment. Therefore, you can not use antimicrobials, should be based on the correct diagnosis of the symptoms of the drug, and according to the prescribed dose and treatment, the choice of good efficacy, low toxicity and side effects of the drug.
(1) treatment of fish parasitic diseases can be used mebendazole, trichlorfon and other drugs, in the net box according to the body of the fish 5% to 15% of the use of drugs, in the bait to add the above drugs using the method of internal consumption also has a certain effect. Or use hanging bags when feeding fish, each bag containing trichlorfon, acephate, dibromophos, etc. 25 grams to 50 grams, once every 15 days.
(2) Treatment of bacterial diseases can use hygromycin, doxycycline, the dosage of 50 mg to 80 mg per kilogram of fish; the use of haloperidol, florfenicol, the dosage of 30 mg to 80 mg per kilogram of fish.
6. Implementation of disinfection measures
(1) fry disinfection 50 mg / liter polyvinylpyrrolidone iodine or 10 mg / liter ~ 20 mg / liter potassium permanganate or 10 mg / liter ~ 20 mg / liter bleach and other baths for 10 minutes to 30 minutes. The concentration and time of the bath are flexible according to different breeding species, individual size and water temperature.
(2) Tools disinfection Breeding tools, such as nets, plastic and wooden tools, etc., is often the medium of transmission of pathogens, especially in the epidemic season, can be used to potassium permanganate or bleach dip