1. **Local Exhaust Hoods (Fume Hoods)**:
- Exhaust gases generated in the course of experiments are discharged through the fume hoods mounted on the experimental bench. The inside of the fume hood has high-efficiency filtration materials, such as activated carbon or HEPA filters, which can adsorb and filter some of the harmful substances. At the same time, the fume hood is connected to the central exhaust system through a pipe.
2. **Chemical filters**:
- Chemical filters, such as acid and alkali neutralizing filters, activated carbon adsorbers, etc., are installed on the discharge path to adsorb and neutralize specific types of harmful gases.
3. **Wet scrubber tower**:
- Contacting the exhaust gases with alkaline solution through spraying device, chemical reaction occurs so as to neutralize the acidic gases or dissolve the soluble toxic and harmful gases.
4. **Activated Carbon Adsorption Method**:
- The exhaust gas is purified by the adsorption equipment equipped with activated carbon, utilizing the strong adsorption capacity of activated carbon on organic compounds and other harmful gases.
5. **Catalytic combustion technology**:
- For exhaust gases containing a large number of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), catalytic combustion equipment can be used to oxidize the harmful gases into harmless carbon dioxide and water vapor at low temperatures under the action of catalysts.
6. **Regenerative Thermal Oxidizer (RTO/RCO)**:
- High-efficiency thermal oxidation equipment, organic pollutants in the exhaust gas are oxidized and decomposed under high temperature environment, meanwhile, heat is recovered through ceramic heat accumulator, which reduces the operation energy consumption.
7. **Biological Filter**:
- Utilizing the metabolic function of microorganisms to degrade certain low-concentration, easily biodegradable harmful gases.
8. **Physical adsorption method**:
- Use of zeolite rotor and other adsorption equipment, through the principle of physical adsorption to remove the harmful components of the exhaust gas.
The laboratory selects the appropriate treatment method according to the specific type and characteristics of the exhaust gas, and combines the safety requirements, environmental protection regulations and economic benefits to design a reasonable exhaust gas treatment system.