Radioactive substances, according to the physical state, there are solid, crystal, powder, liquid, gas and so on.
By species, there are radioactive isotopes, radioactive chemical reagents and chemicals, radioactive ores and mineral ores, and industrial products coated with radioactive luminous agents.
According to the characteristics and degree of danger of radioactive substances, they can be divided into the first, second and third categories of radioactive substances.
Category I radioactive items are radioactive items that have a significant radiological impact on human health and the environment after being released into the environment, such as Class I radioactive sources, high-level radioactive waste and spent fuel.
The second category of radioactive items refers to radioactive sources of Class II and Class III, medium-level radioactive waste and other radioactive items that have a general radiological impact on human health and the environment after being released into the environment.
The third category of radioactive substances refers to radioactive sources of Class IV and V, low-level radioactive waste, radiopharmaceuticals and other radioactive substances that have a small radiation impact on human health and the environment after being released into the environment.
The specific classification and list of radioactive articles shall be formulated by the nuclear safety supervision department of the State Council in conjunction with the competent authorities of the State Council in charge of public security, health, customs, transportation, railroads, civil aviation and the nuclear industry.
Expanded Information:
I. Radioactive Articles
Radioactive articles are articles that Items that contain radionuclides and whose activity and specific activity are higher than the exemption values set by the state. Radioactive items can constantly and spontaneously emit x, alpha, beta, gamma rays and neutron streams that are invisible to the naked eye.
These articles contain a certain amount of natural or artificial radioactive elements. The radioactive energy possessed by radioactive substances is widely used in industry, agriculture, health care and other aspects, and has an important value.
However, if people and animals are exposed to an excessive amount of these rays, they can suffer from radioactive diseases, or even death in serious cases. Light-sensitive materials and certain chemicals are also affected by these rays, which can cause deterioration.
Two, transportation requirements
Materials department in the consignment of radioactive goods (including radioisotopes, radiochemical reagents and industrial products, radioactive ores and mineral ores, coated with radioactive luminous agent of the finished industrial products or other items with radioactive substances).
All should provide "radioactive goods dose inspection certificate", and according to "radioactive goods transportation packaging level table" the provisions of the corresponding packaging. The transportation department shall take corresponding safety technical measures according to different categories of radioactive goods, and the operators shall work according to the "permissible operating hours for loading and unloading radioactive goods".
Three, radiation protection
Excessive radiation exposure to the outside of the human body, known as external irradiation; radioactive substances are swallowed or inhaled into the body, the human body is subjected to excessive radiation exposure, known as internal exposure. Internal exposure is often more harmful than external exposure. Packaging, storage and transportation of radioactive substances must be strictly enforced in accordance with national regulations.
The protection method of external exposure is mainly to reduce the contact time, away from the radioactive source and the use of different shielding materials protection; internal exposure protection method is mainly to prevent radioactive substances through the digestive system, respiratory system and damage to the skin into the human body.
Reference:
Baidu Encyclopedia-Radioactive Materials