However, because of the special nature of women workers' own physiology, China has implemented the "five-period" protection of women workers, which is a comprehensive protection of the safety and health of women workers. These "five periods" are:
(I) female workers menstruation protection
Female workers menstruation, in addition to not arranging for their participation in the taboo to engage in the work of labor, the concentration of female workers in the unit, to establish a female workers with flushing equipment health room, especially those engaged in itinerant operations and long hours of standing operations. In particular, female workers engaged in itinerant operations and long hours of standing work are in greater need of the establishment of sanitary rooms and flushing equipment.
Article 74 of the Design and Hygiene Standards for Industrial Enterprises stipulates that "industrial enterprises with more than 100 female workers on the largest shift shall set up a sanitary room for female workers, and it shall not be combined with other rooms."" The sanitary room for female workers consists of a waiting room and a processing room. The waiting room shall be equipped with hand-washing facilities and a washing pool. The processing room shall be equipped with water tanks and washers. The number of washers shall be determined according to the design data. According to the maximum number of female workers in a shift, when there are 100~200 workers, one unit shall be installed, and when there are more than 200 workers, one unit shall be installed for each additional 200 workers. Industrial enterprises with maximum number of female workers below 100 to more than 40, also in line with the principle of thrift and frugality, set up simple warm water tanks and douches, and for mobile and decentralized work, the unit may issue a single female worker with her own vulva douche."
(2) Protection of female workers during pregnancy
Special labor protection for female workers during pregnancy is clearly stipulated in the Labor Law and the Regulations on Labor Protection for Female Workers and Employees.
(1) During pregnancy, a female worker shall not have her basic salary reduced or her labor contract terminated.
(2) Female workers are forbidden to engage in work during pregnancy:
Pb and its compounds, mercury and its compounds, benzene, cadmium, beryllium, arsenic, cyanide, carbon monoxide, carbon disulfide, chlorine, carbamide, chlorobutadiene, vinyl chloride, ethylene oxide, aniline, formaldehyde, and other toxic substances in the air of the place of work exceed the national health standards, and the production of anticancer drugs and ethylestrenol in the constrained industries. vinylestradiol production operations.
Operations in which radioactive substances in the workplace exceed the dose specified in the Regulations on Radiological Protection, earthwork and stonework performed by human labor: operations of the third level of physical labor intensity in the National Standard for the Grading of Physical Labor Intensity.
Operations accompanied by strong vibration of the whole body, such as wind drills, pounding machines, forging and other operations, as well as tractor driving, etc.; work that requires frequent bending, climbing and squatting, such as welding operations.
The national standard "Classification of work at height" in the provisions of the first level of work at height, that is, where in the height of the reference plane of 2 meters (including 2 meters) above the height of the possible fall of the work carried out.
(3) Female workers are not allowed to work overtime during pregnancy, and they are not allowed to work at night after 7 months of pregnancy. For those who are not capable of performing the original post, they should reduce the amount of labor or switch to another post to arrange suitable labor according to the certificate of the medical department. For female workers who are more than seven months pregnant, enterprises shall set up workplace rest rooms, arrange for a certain amount of rest time during working hours, and allow pregnant female workers to take a two-week break before the expected date of delivery. The Regulations on Labor Protection for Female Workers and Employees also stipulate that prenatal checkups for pregnant female workers shall be counted as labor time.
(III) Maternity Protection for Female Workers and Employees
Birth and delivery is a normal physiological process for women, but it brings tension, strain and pain to the mother both mentally and physically. The changes produced in physiological functions after pregnancy need to be gradually restored to the pre-pregnancy state of health after delivery, and the physical exertion during labor also requires rest and supplementary nutrition. Therefore, protection during the period of childbirth is not only necessary but also important for women workers.
The Labor Law and other labor protection laws and regulations have made clear provisions for the protection of female workers during the period of maternity; female workers shall be entitled to no less than ninety days of maternity leave for childbirth" (Article 62 of the Labor Law). In the event of a difficult birth, maternity leave is increased by 15 days. When a female worker is less than four months pregnant and has a miscarriage, she shall be granted maternity leave from 15 to 30 days, according to the opinion of the medical department, and when she is more than four months pregnant and has a miscarriage, she shall be granted maternity leave of 42 days, and her salary shall be paid as usual during the period of maternity leave.
(4) Protection of Female Workers during Breastfeeding Period
The special labor protection enjoyed by female workers during the breastfeeding period has been clearly stipulated by the State in the Labor Law and the Provisions on the Labor Protection of Female Workers and Employees, and the main provisions are as follows:
(1) A female worker who has a baby less than one year old shall be entitled to two breastfeeding periods (including artificial feeding) of 30 minutes each during each shift of work, and for each additional child born in a multiple birth, the worker shall be entitled to two nursing periods (including artificial feeding), with each one of the additional one being a 30-minute period. In the case of multiple births, the breastfeeding time shall be increased by 30 minutes for each additional child. The two breastfeeding breaks within each shift of a female worker may be combined, and the time spent breastfeeding and the time spent breastfeeding within the unit on the way to and from the workplace shall be counted as labor time.
(2) During the breastfeeding period, female workers shall not engage in night work or overtime work, and shall not engage in work that is regulated by the State and is of the third level of physical labor intensity, or work that is contraindicated during the breastfeeding period.
(3) When a female worker breastfeeds her baby after it reaches one year of age, if the baby is particularly weak, the period of breastfeeding may be extended appropriately according to the specific circumstances as certified by the medical department. If the breastfeeding period expires in summer, the period of breastfeeding may be extended by one month to two months.
(V) Protection of Female Workers during Menopause
According to the spirit of the Provisions on the Health Care of Female Workers and Employees (Women's Health [1993] No. 11), all female workers who have entered into menopause should be given extensive attention by society, and knowledge of physiological and health aspects of menopause should be publicized to them. Those who have been diagnosed as having menopausal syndrome by a medical or maternal and child health-care organization at or above the county (district) level (including counties and districts), and whose results are not obvious after treatment, and who are not adapted to their original jobs, should be temporarily assigned to a suitable job. Units every 1-2 years to menopausal female workers to carry out a gynecological disease investigation and treatment.