The analysis and application of hospital financial statements
Introduction
With the management of health care institutions and medical property rights system reform continues to deepen, the hospital in the operation of the autonomy of the hospital has been a great expansion of the fund-raising, the use of funds and the distribution of a considerable degree of autonomy. Hospital investors and managers and related personnel pay more and more attention to the hospital's financial position and operating results, at this time, can reflect the effectiveness of capital operations and rationality of the financial accounting statements is particularly important. The current financial accounting statement is the main body and core of the financial accounting report, mainly including: balance sheet, business income and expenditure summary table, business income detailed table, business expenditure detailed table, net assets change table, financial analysis and basic figures table and so on. It can reflect the capital structure, operating capacity, solvency and profitability of the hospital. Hospital financial statement analysis, is a part of the financial management of the hospital and an important means, through the financial statement analysis, you can evaluate, predict the results of hospital operations, objectively summarize the level of financial management of the hospital, reveal the problems, improve financial management, improve financial management, and promote the development of the hospital.
1. The content of the hospital financial analysis
"Hospital Accounting System" stipulates that the hospital accounting statements by the balance sheet, income and expenditure summary statement, medical income and expenditure schedule, drug income and expenditure schedule, the fund change table and the composition of the basic figures table. Hospital financial analysis is not only an important means of hospital financial management, but also an important management method for hospitals to achieve the expected economic goals. With the deepening of the reform of the medical and health system, the economic activities of the hospital also continue to undergo profound changes. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to and strengthen the financial analysis of hospitals in order to improve economic efficiency and enhance the competitiveness of hospitals. Hospital financial analysis of the content of the following aspects:
(1) assets and liabilities and solvency analysis
The main analysis of the hospital's ability to repay the debts due, analyze the security of hospital assets. The main indicators are gearing ratio, equity ratio, current ratio, quick ratio and so on. The analysis of the solvency of the hospital mainly utilizes the relevant data of the balance sheet to carry out. The balance sheet is based on the accounting equation of assets = liabilities + net assets, the hospital's assets, liabilities and net assets items are arranged in accordance with certain preparation requirements. The asset items in the statement illustrate the various resources owned by the hospital and the hospital's ability to repay its debts. The net assets item in the statement shows the total assets owned by the hospital. The liabilities item of the statement illustrates the amount of long and short-term debt that the hospital carries. The gearing ratio is the ratio of total liabilities to total assets. The higher this ratio is, the more liabilities the hospital has, and conversely, the more long-term solvency the hospital has. Current ratio is the ratio of current assets to current liabilities, the higher the ratio, the stronger the short-term solvency of the hospital, but the current ratio is too high, indicating that the current assets take up too much, which will reduce the efficiency of the use of funds, affecting the profitability of the hospital. Quick ratio is the ratio of quick assets to current liabilities. The higher the ratio, the more secure the creditor`s rights and interests, but the quick ratio is too high, it is possible that the hospital accounts receivable occupies too much, the cash return speed is slow, but it will reduce the short-term solvency of the hospital.
(2) analysis of income and expenditure
Through the analysis of the income and expenditure summary table, you can judge the results of the hospital's business, analyze the completion of the hospital's business income; expenditure use; business income, expenditure composition ratio, and factors affecting the increase or decrease in business income, expenditure changes, so as to find out where the problem lies, and take timely measures to improve the hospital's economic efficiency. The total income of the hospital mainly includes the business income realized by the hospital itself, the financial subsidy income, the superior subsidy income in three aspects, due to the superior subsidy income is very small, can be explained in the analysis, so the analysis of the income is mainly from the business income and the financial subsidy income two aspects of the analysis. Expenditures are mainly analyzed in two aspects: operating expenditures and project appropriation expenditures. Since project appropriations are relatively single, they can be explained in the analysis, so the description of expenditures is mainly an analysis of the hospital's operating expenditures. The current hospital accounting system divides expenditures into personnel expenditures, public expenditures and expenditures on personal and family benefits to be analyzed in three aspects. Personnel expenditure is mainly to reflect the unit in a certain period of time in the staff of the staff costs of the expenditure situation, public funds are mainly to reflect a certain period of time in the operation of the hospital in the necessary to consume, the expenditure on personal and family benefits is mainly to reflect the cost of retirement and staff personal and family benefits.
(3) operating capacity analysis
Operating capacity refers to the hospital based on the constraints of the external market environment, through the internal configuration of human resources and means of production of the combination of the financial objectives of the role of the size. The main indicators for analysis are accounts receivable turnover, inventory turnover, current asset turnover, fixed asset utilization, total asset turnover and so on. Accounts receivable turnover can be expressed in terms of average days of accounts receivable. The shorter the average number of days of accounts receivable turnover, accounts receivable take up less time of hospital liquidity; inventory turnover rate is to reflect the inventory to stay in the hospital time, can also be used to turnover days to indicate that the fewer days of inventory turnover, the faster the turnover rate.
In addition, there are other relevant indicators such as development capacity analysis. Based on financial statements and statistical reports, analyze the bed occupancy rate, cost per outpatient visit, cost per inpatient visit, the proportion of drug revenue to operating revenue, the proportion of insured and uninsured revenue composition, etc., to understand the composition of the revenue situation, and to increase the hospital's revenue.
2. Methods of financial analysis of hospitals
Hospital finances should be cited as a method of modern financial analysis, the use of a variety of economic and mathematical formulas and models, a sound system of financial analysis of hospitals, the use of ratio analysis, comparative analysis, balanced analysis, factor analysis, graphical analysis. Combined with the balance sheet, income and expenditure statement, medical income and expenditure statement, drug income and expenditure statement, cash flow statement, according to the actual needs of business management, the hospital in various periods of financial and accounting statements and other related information on the accounting statement indicators for a comprehensive analysis.
The hospital through the different periods of income, expenditure, balances for comparative analysis, to identify gaps; through factor analysis, can determine the impact of changes in various factors; through the economic batch analysis, can grasp the utilization of drugs, inventory materials; purchasing, sales, inventory integrated management, both to ensure the normal needs of the business, but not the backlog of funds; evaluation of the economic benefits, the approval of the best economic batch through the input-output analysis, can be prepared for the production and distribution of the products and services. Input-output analysis, the production of preparations for the determination of cost, volume, profit, evaluation of economic efficiency; through the trend of dynamic comparison, the development trend of the hospital can be determined; through the thematic analysis of large-scale equipment investment projects, can reduce the losses caused by blind investment, prevention and avoidance of financial risks. Through a series of scientific financial analysis methods, make full use of the hospital financial accounting information and its related information, in order to improve the level of hospital finance, improve social and economic benefits.
3. Summary
Hospital financial analysis is a comprehensive financial management, involving the external environment of the hospital and the hospital's internal management, we need to continue to sum up the experience, in practice, continue to explore, constantly innovate, to reflect the scientific, standardized and pragmatic and conducive to the characteristics of macro-decision-making. In short, through the analysis of hospital financial statements, you can correctly evaluate the hospital operating conditions and operating results, so as to better make business decisions and promote the rapid development of the hospital.
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