6. Science and technology refers to the development of science and the application of its achievements in the field of production practice. After World War II, the rapid development of science and technology has injected a strong impetus into the accelerated development of society. With the rapid development of science and technology in the world, the role of science and technology in social development has become increasingly obvious. 7. Science and technology refers to natural science and production technology means generally excluding social science. Compared with the classical empirical model, the network model has stronger filtering ability and is stronger than the empirical model when dealing with noisy or sparse data. 8, science and technology (mainly refers to the natural science) is the primary productive force, refers to the importance of science and technology to the development of productive forces. Science and technology of ipod terminal
should be applied to production practice, so as to promote and promote the development of productive forces. 9. However, some people in China today think that science and technology refers to natural science, and there is still disagreement on the relationship between science and social science, and whether science and technology include social science. Some people even doubt whether social science is science or productivity. 1. We believe that science and technology is an important conclusion of the primary productive force, in which science and technology refers to the whole of science and technology, that is, a complete system including natural science, engineering technology, management science and humanities and social sciences. 11. Science and technology refers to the actual ability of human beings to master, understand and apply objective natural laws. Scientific and technological achievements refer to the current level of this actual ability. Since the level of science and technology is the degree to which human beings understand and apply objective laws, every step of this level is a scientific and technological achievement. 12. Thirdly, the decisive influence of science and technology (here mainly refers to information technology directly related to archival work) on archival work is mainly manifested in two aspects: first, the tools of science and technology creation, the carrier tools of archival science and technology creation, the tools of storage and management, the tools of information transmission, etc., which further affect the mode, social relations and status of archival work. 13. The term "science" used together with "technology" refers to natural science and means of production technology, generally excluding social science. Such enterprises are not always joint-stock companies or private companies, but can be cooperatives or state-owned entities. 14. Today, science is usually used with the word technology, which is called science and technology. It includes two parts: basic science (pure science) and applied science, which is known by people. Generally speaking, the former represents the epistemological value, cultural value and educational value of science and technology. 15. In these basic scientific categories and basic technologies, natural science and social science and technology are obviously included, that is, hard science and technology and soft science and technology are collectively referred to as science and technology. Of course, the science and technology referred to by people's traditional concepts are mainly hard science and technology (such as mechanical physics, chemical engineering and biotechnology). 16. It is the trend of the integration of science and technology that people collectively refer to science and technology. As the unity of science and technology, science and technology is also the contradictory unity of human purpose and the regularity of nature. 17, science and technology (here mainly refers to technology) is the pillar of all previous productive forces and social development, and it is the primary and now popular iPod
revolutionary force with fundamental significance. "Science and technology are the primary productive forces" (P274) Deng Xiaoping's assertion accurately pointed out the leading role and important position of science and technology in productive forces and social development for the first time. 18. Although they are commonly referred to as "science and technology", it should be made clear that this is a parallel phrase. Because science and technology are different, the corresponding management methods are also different. 19. Technology is the application of science in production, so since the modern industrial revolution, science and technology have been truly integrated and called "science and technology". Science and technology have no borders and have universal significance or universal validity beyond geographical limitations. The practical application of science and technology will inevitably require the continuous transformation of social production and the all-round flow of social members, thus leading to globalization.
editing this section of Science and technology
(1) etymology of science and technology
1. The word "science" is a foreign noun translated from English "science". In the late Qing Dynasty, "Science" was translated into "Gezhi". During the Meiji Restoration, Japanese scholars translated "Science" into "science". Kang Youwei first introduced the Japanese character "science" directly into Chinese. Yan Fu also translated "Science" into "science" when he translated two books, The Theory of Evolution and Yuan Fu, which became popular in China in the early 2th century. 2. Technology The Greek root of the word "Technology" is "tech", which originally meant personal skills or skills. In the early days, it refers to personal skills, production methods and recipes handed down from generation to generation by families. Later, with the continuous development of science, the coverage of technology has been greatly enhanced
(II) The meaning of science and technology
1. Traditionally, science is a knowledge system about nature, society and thinking accumulated by human beings. 2. What we call "science" refers to the natural science that studies natural phenomena and their laws; Technology generally refers to all kinds of tools, equipment, technologies and process systems that are combined for a practical purpose according to the production practice experience of natural science principles, but does not include the technical content corresponding to social science. 3. Science and technology are dialectical unity. Technology puts forward topics and scientifically completes them. Science is discovery and theoretical guidance of technology. Technology is an invention and a practical application of science.
significance of editing this paragraph
science and technology are the primary productive forces. Looking at all times, every progress of human society is accompanied by the progress of science and technology. In particular, the rapid development of modern science and technology has opened up a broader space for the development of social productive forces and human civilization, which has effectively promoted economic and social development. The rapid growth of high-tech enterprises in China, such as computers, communications, biomedicine and new materials, has greatly improved the industrial technology level of China, promoted the labor productivity of industry and agriculture, and effectively promoted the development of the whole national economy. Practice has proved that high-tech and its industries have become the leading industries in contemporary economic development. Science and technology are the symbols of human civilization. The progress and popularization of science and technology have provided mankind with new means to spread ideas and culture, such as radio, television, movies, videos and the Internet, which has given a new carrier to the construction of spiritual civilization. At the same time, it is of great significance to enrich people's spiritual life, update people's ideas and get rid of superstitions. The progress of science and technology has created great material wealth and spiritual wealth for mankind. With the advent of the era of knowledge economy, the endless development of science and technology and its unlimited creativity will certainly continue to make greater contributions to human civilization. The relationship between science and technology is different in different historical periods, from technology leading to scientific leading development, from technology and science separation to science and technology precision combination. The development of modern science and technology has shortened the time between basic research of science and application and development of technology, especially the birth of system science, which has led to the rapid transformation of automation, computer and communication technology from technology to industrialization. The application of system science in biomedicine leads to the coupling between system biology and synthetic biology, which will quickly lead to the application of system medicine and system bioengineering, thus leading to the biomedical and bio-industrial revolution of individualized medicine, translational medicine and medical engineering system, and making science and technology more and more prominent as the productivity of social and economic development. Modern science and technology will greatly increase human knowledge, and today, new inventions that we can't think of will appear frequently. I sometimes almost regret that I was born too early to know what will happen. Benjamin Franklin. High-tech is like an emissary to communicate reality with the future, guiding people to constantly explore the space for development and move towards a dynamic new world. The contemporary scientific and technological revolution centered on information technology is booming around the world, marking a historic leap from industrial society to information society. Information technology includes microelectronics, optoelectronics, computer technology, communication technology, imaging technology, display technology and so on. Since 199s, information technology has developed rapidly towards digitalization, high speed, networking, integration and intelligence. Its rapid development and wide application have led to changes in many high-tech fields and formed a magnificent picture of scientific and technological innovation.
Life Science
Modern life science and technology have achieved unprecedented development in the 2th century, especially the discovery of DNA double helix structure and the application of real DNA double helix structure in the human genome project, which makes life science and technology become the mainstream of high-tech in the 21st century. Because life science and technology can reveal the secrets of biological structure and heredity, it plays an important role in promoting the development of population and health, agricultural high-tech, ecological environment, food and chemical industry, and thus has broad development prospects.
space science
space science is one of the fastest developing cutting-edge technologies in contemporary science and technology. It has always been a dream of mankind to enter space, conduct scientific research there, develop unlimited space resources, settle down and travel, and even establish space civilization. Realizing this dream will depend on the progress of space technology. In the past half century, with the development of space technology and the wide application of various application satellites, mankind has created unprecedented new fields such as satellite communication, satellite broadcasting, satellite meteorology, satellite navigation, satellite survey, space science and military application. The development of space technology has played an important role in radio and television, long-distance communication, weather forecast, resource survey, navigation and positioning, agricultural production, rescue and disaster relief, environmental monitoring and scientific research, which can not be achieved by traditional methods. Space technology is an important symbol of a country's scientific and technological development level, and the development and application of space technology has become an important means of modernization in all countries of the world.
major scientists and their contributions
isaac newton (1642-1727), a British scientist, was the founder of modern physics, and Newton's three laws, the law of universal gravitation and other discoveries had a far-reaching influence on Newton. Werner von Siemens (1816-1892), German engineer and entrepreneur; Inventor of motor, generator, tram and compass telegraph, improved submarine cable, put forward open hearth steelmaking method, innovated steelmaking process, and founder of Siemens company. Thomson Joseph John (1856-194) was a British physicist. In 1897, the first basic particle of material structure-electron was discovered. Fulton (1765-1815) was an American inventor. In 187, Fulton made a steamboat. Karl friedrich benz (1844-1929) was a German engineer. In 1868, the world's first three-wheeled internal combustion engine car was built. Volta (1745-1829) was an Italian physicist. In 18, he made a voltaic pile, and soon invented a voltaic cell, which enabled people to obtain a stable and continuous current for the first time. Kauros August Otto (1832-1891) was a German engineer. In 1876, the first four-stroke cycle gas internal combustion engine was built. It made it possible for cars and subsequent planes to come out. Daimler (1834-19) was a German mechanical engineer. The first gasoline engine was made in 1883, and the world's first four-wheel internal combustion engine car was made in 1886. Talcott Parsons (1854-1931) was an English inventor. In 1884, the first multi-stage reactive steam turbine was made. Rudolf diesel (1858-1913) was a German engineer. The first diesel engine was manufactured in 1897. Bessemer (1813-1898) was a British engineer. In 1856, converter steelmaking was invented. Thomas Alva Edison (1847-1931) was an American inventor. He completed more than 13 inventions in his life, which had a great influence on mankind. In 1897, he successfully developed the incandescent lamp. Morse (1791-1872) was an American inventor. In 1837, the telegraph was invented, and on May 24, 1844, the world's first telegram was sent. Alexander bell (1847-1922) was an American inventor. The telephone was invented in 1876. Guglielmo Marconi (1874-1937) was an Italian engineer. The wireless telegraph was invented in 1895. On March 28th, 1899, he successfully realized radio communication. Alfred bernhard nobel (1833-1896) was a Swedish chemist, engineer and industrialist. In 1866, Nobel made a safe explosive and founded the Nobel Prize. Max Planck (1858.4.23-1947.1.3) was a German physicist, the pioneer and founder of quantum physics, and the winner of the 1918 Nobel Prize in Physics. Since then, the situation that classical physics dominated the world has ended. Albert Einstein (March 14, 1879-April 18, 1955) is a world-famous German-American scientist. He is a Jew, the pioneer and founder of modern physics, the proposer of the theory of relativity and the "mass-energy relationship", and the defender of the "deterministic quantum mechanical interpretation" (vibrating particles)-Nikola Tesla, a god who does not roll dice. 1856-1943), born on July 1, 1856, is the world's most famous inventor, physicist, mechanical engineer and electrical engineering.